Rice is a crop with high yields guaranteed by nature itself. In recent years, huge changes have occurred in
the domestic rice cultivation, but despite this, there are still a lot of unsolved relevant problems. One of such problems is the development of high yielding varieties.
The success of breeding largely depends on the
availability of genetically diverse starting material
with a wide response to changing environmental
conditions, its knowledge and proper selection; as well
as the identification of new sources of valuable traits
and properties, among ecologically remote agro-types
that enrich the genetic potential of domestic
varieties. Development of a high-yielding variety is
greatly influenced by economically important traits:
plant height, total and productive tillering, the number
of spikelets and grains in the panicle, grain size,
weight of 1000 grains, etc. In modern biological
science of heredity, there is still the question of the
inheritance of quantitative traits. The study of
inheritance of quantitative traits constituting the main
elements of the yield structure is one of the most
important tasks, the solution of which is necessary to
speed up the breeding process. Inheritance of any trait
is often determined by researchers by the magnitude of
the dominance coefficient
Planetary mechanisms are used to create the working movement of the Executive bodies of metallurgical and mining machines. Roller working bodies, for the drive of which planetary mechanisms are used, are increasingly being used in the designs of harvesting machines. The processes occurring in the differential threshing devices of harvesting machines are poorly understood, due to the lack of information about the properties of the material in the event of rapidly changing stresses in them. This work is the result of the analysis of previous theoretical as well as experimental studies in the field of threshing. We describe the technological scheme of the shock-vibration threshing device and the principle of its operation. The possible variants of arrangement of drum rolls and drumming are considered. The relationship between the angular velocities of the drum, the drum rolls and the sub-drum is elucidated. Installation of three-sided rollers on the threshing device according to the scheme proposed by us allows additional shaking of the whole threshed rice mass from 75 to 110 times per second
In this work we have given the analysis of the literary data confirming positive experience of impact of the hydrocarbon substance of growth (HSG) on viability of seeds, resilience, growth of plants, and productivity of various crops. It is shown that the basic experimental data belong to the 60th of the XX century. At the same time, works on application of HSG have been generalized for the first time in the collection of works of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijani SSR by Institute of soil science and agrochemistry. HSG represents the by-product of petro processing received at sulphuric acid cleaning of diesel fuel with further processing with alkaline solution of NaOH. It includes mainly mixture of sodium salts of naphthenic acids. On the basis of literary data and own probes it is established that for each culture there is optimum very small concentration of HSG (0.005-0.01%), processing by solution of which makes positive impact on viability, growth and development of crops. The results of probes of blood formation of animals [8] and growth of mass of birds allow considering HSG ecologically safe. We have also presented the results of pilot study of impact of pre-seeding processing of seeds of wheat and peas by water solutions of the hydrocarbon growth substance (HSG) on their morpho-physiological parameters. The most effective concentration of HSG for processing of seeds of spring wheat of grade "Saratov" and grade peas "Alpha" is revealed. It is shown that the stimulator in concentration of 0.005-0.01% proves as stimulator of crop growth. It follows that degree of efficiency of action of HSG on improvement of development and increase in productivity of agricultural products from use of this drug is quite high. Considering that the stimulator can be received at insignificant expenses as a waste product of the purified diesel fuels, its application in agriculture is economically justified
The article presents the results of a study of the features of growth and development of young bulls in the conditions of Central Yakutia when mineral feed additives are included in their rations. The scientific experience was carried out on the basis of the cattle-breeding farm "Churapcha". For the experiment were selected bullhead Hereford breed at the age of 7 months. Experimental groups of animals were formed by the method of analogues. Such indicators as age, live weight, fatness, physiological state were taken into account. The control group of bulls received the main ration. In comparison with the control group, analogs with I experimental group, in addition to the basic ration, received zeolite 0.5 g / kg body weight, 150 g sapropel and 0.04 g potassium iodide. The animals of the II experimental group received, in addition to the basic ration of zeolite hongurin, at a dose of 0.7 g / kg body weight, 200 g of sapropel with 10 g of copper sulphate. The duration of scientific experience - 7 months. Studies have shown that the addition to the diet of mineral feed additives has influenced the growth and development of bulls. So, when the age of 15 months was reached, according to the compactness index, the bulls of the control group were slightly inferior to their peers by 0.9 % compared to the first experimental group and 5.8 % to the second experimental group. According to the massiveness index, gobies of the I and II experimental groups exceeded the gobies of the control group by 0.5 % and 0.3 %. Upon reaching the age of 15 months on the index of compactness, the bulls of the experimental groups had the best indicators
For the effective development of modern industrial gardening, it is necessary to maximize the use of the biological potential of cultivated varieties of fruit crops. In order to identify the most valuable for use in breeding and production of varieties and elite forms of apple regional and foreign selection studied the features of growth and fruiting of apple genotypes. The objects of study are 14 varieties and 2 elite forms of apple. In the work, programs and methods of selection and sorting studies that are generally accepted and developed with the participation of employees of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW were used. According to the results of many years of research, low-growing apple varieties that are promising for breeding and production have been identified: the Golden Crown, Carmen, Favorite Dutovoy, Red Chif, Sunrise, Novella, Talisman, and the elite form 12/2-20-35. Low-growing varieties with a convenient vertical crown are distinguished: Carmen, Favorite Dutovoy, Red Chief. Selected varieties of regional breeding: immune to scab Carmen and highly resistant to scab Favorite Dutovoy, possessing a complex of significant features: fruitful, low growth, with a vertical form of crown as the most valuable for use in breeding and production
The article studies the influence of the different time sowing periods of Volzhsky First winter barley variety on the grain yield and the elements of its structure in the conditions of LLC “Vpered” of the Spassky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil. The research was being conducted from 2015 to 2018. The barley was sown in four periods: from August 20 to September 19 (with an interval of 10 days) with the clean fallow as its predecessor. We used the seeding rate of 2.5 million seedlings per hectare. The maximum grain yield of the winter barley was 3.94 t / ha. This corresponds to the sown date of August 20, the density of productive stalk of 226 pieces / m2 and an ear productivity of 1.800 g. Winter barley has a high tillering ability. The maximum value of the coefficient of productive bushiness – 4,80 and 3.25 was noted when sowing the barley on August 20
As the result of introduction research of Dagestan endemic Allium gunibicum under mountain conditions seed productivity variability data were obtained. An analysis of the data revealed significant difference in seed productivity performance of samples (inflorescence mass, seed mass, mass of 100 seeds, fruit number, ovules number, number of seeds, percentage of fruit bloom, seeds formation coefficient) among themselves both within one-year research and annually. The analysis showed that under the introduction with the same conditions the mean values of seed productivity characteristics decrease together with increasing of the sea level of collecting locations; at the same time, a mass of 100 seeds increases. The most variable factors were found out. They are seed mass in inflorescence, seed number in inflorescence, seeds formation coefficient. And the steadiest factors are a percentage of fruit bloom and mass of 100 seeds. As the result of the one-way analysis of variance a significant influence of the altitude above the sea level and slope disposition were discovered
The article presents modern methods of biotechnology used in dairy cattle breeding to increase the highly productive herd on the example of one of the farms of the Krasnodar region. The embryo transplantation method is described in detail, and a complete scheme of embryo flushing and transfer is presented. Requirements for donors and recipients, as well as for hormonal stimulation of superovulation, high-quality embryos are described. In the example of a three-year use of embryo transplantation in Agroholding Kuban company, the results are given on the number of dairy breeds of black-and-white Holstein cows, milk yield, and the quality indicator of milk. The article also proves economic efficiency
The article considers the existing system of agriculture in the Krasnodar region. We also give the soil-climatic characteristic of natural-agricultural zones. There was studied the structure of agricultural landscapes of the region. It is concluded that in the agricultural production of the Krasnodar region approach to agriculture is focused only on zonal methods of land management, planning and organization of large agricultural enterprises. Whereas, the Land reform carried out in the Russian Federation since the 90-ies of the last century has made significant adjustments, both on domestic political and socio-economic relations in the life of society, and on land management provision of agriculture. Redistribution of agricultural land, the formation of new scientific approaches to farming systems, based on the principles of sustainability and self-regulation of agricultural landscapes, device of crop rotations, adapted to local climatic conditions are aimed at the reproduction of soil fertility and a positive balance of humus. In this regard, there were developed the proposals and calculated technical and economic indicators for the transition to a new, effective, scientifically based, adapted to local agricultural landscape conditions, high-tech balanced farming systems. According to developed proposals and recommendations, there was given the example of application in crop ten-field crop rotation for the central zone of the Krasnodar region, which is balanced in humus
The objective of the research was to study the patterns of deformation with the different internal structure in a tire envelope with the standard size of 30.5-32 in propulsion units for modern mobile farm vehicles. The research method is experimental with the use of «a tire tester» and specially developed devices for determining the deformations of the tire envelope concerning the rim in circular and radial directions. Output indicators of a wheel with the pneumatic tire are determined by the ability of the tire to be deformed so that at small hysteresis losses in the rubber-cord envelope the largest area of the contact with a substructure have been created. This circumstance has special significance when developing the tires for mobile farm vehicles with the high power saturation, the patterns of deformation of which are poorly studied now. The analysis of the carried out experimental researches has shown the expediency of application of the experimental tires with the same standard size, offered in the work, on the propulsion units of the mobile farm vehicles instead of diagonal and radial tires. The rolling resistance of the experimental tires 30.5E-32 is lower than the rolling resistance of serially produced tires, and the developed area of contact is higher and that provides the decrease in the condensing impact on the soil