The concept, essence, value and classification of financial-legal norms are considered in the article. The special attention is paid to detection of peculiarities of these norms allowing delimiting them from norms of other branches of the law. The article emphasizes the fact that the direct purpose of the financial law norms is defined by a subject of the financial-legal regulation that is the relations arising in the process of public financial activities for regulation of formation, distribution and use of public funds of money. The authors’ opinion is reasoned about the fact that financial-legal norms are seldom arise as actual one because rules of conduct very rarely developed in social life as a prototype of the financial-legal norms. This circumstance is caused by the fact that financial relations do not exist and do not arise by it; these relations are shown in the forms determined by the state (municipalities) and depend primarily on social needs which are determined by a level of development of the commodity-money relations, extent of the state activity, social problems and so on. Besides, authors explore the reasons of instability of the financial law norms. In addition, in this article the authors’ opinion about action mechanism of the financial law norms as very actual phenomenon in modern Russia is reasoned. Due to the fact that the budget system of the country is under the influence of financial-legal norms, with help of such norms state extra-budgetary social funds formed and used, monetary and exchange rate policy carried out, so the need of deeper study of these norms and understanding their action mechanism is very actual phenomenon in modern Russia
The article discusses the new technical solutions and the technology of undercrown micro-irrigation of horticultural
crops, taking into account the formation of their root system and circuit humidification
The article is devoted to the study of growth peculiarities of summer potato on floodplain lands of Southern Russia. High and stable yields in big farms are possible using substantiated planting time of potato which depends on specific soil – climatic conditions of the area as well as potato cultivation technology elements improvement under irrigation. The latter will provide in turn water and power resources economy. The results of field research to determine planting time allow defining the most favorable conditions for potato cultivation in the given soil-climatic zone. The analysis of data obtained on differential irrigation regimes gives a possibility to determine common regularities of irrigation standards impact on potato growth efficiency. The regime proposed is in conformity with the concept of ecological land reclamation and takes into account a moderate anthropogenic impact on landscape processes under a permissible level of summer potato productivity decrease. Therefore proposed optimal time of summer planting and rational irrigation regime will increase industrial efficiency of potato production and provide environmental safety of irrigation on floodplain lands of South Russia while allowing to economize water and power resources
Modern internal situation in Russia, its international political position strictly require strengthening patriotic activity and patriotic education of young people, including cadets of maritime university. Patriotism is a great factor of development of a personality, it also helps to develop economy of the country and Russian society, to strengthen a country and defend it in the period of war and peace. In the article the essence of state patriotism and state patriotic education of cadets of maritime university is viewed on the basis of analysis of Russian scientists‘research and publications. State-patriotic education as a pedagogical problem has always suggested formation of young people ideals of state-patriotic consciousness, state-patriotic conduct, based on high feelings and beliefs. This trend has always had a special place in the life of Russian society, in ideological work, in pedagogical science and practice. At the present time intensifying of patriotic activity, strengthening of patriotic education of cadets, deepening of state position in educational and patriotic work with students of maritime university are state necessity and social demand. As the result of state-patriotic education of cadets of maritime university is formation of state feelings and beliefs, state thinking and worldview, state position concerning modern realities, state approach to the work entrusted in the process of cadets‘ studying in the university
The article is concerned with proxemic communication connected with changing the relative positioning of communicants when interacting, in fictional prose of K.D. Vorobyov. This essential part of interaction is implied with the individual author’s approach to verbal representation of corresponding features and lexis’s choice preferences, its quantitative and qualitative characteristics in the writer’s fictional prose. By analogy with the term paracinema, the term paraproxema is also used for defining these kinds of language phenomena. Paraproxemas were analyzed with reference to semantic, stylistic and morphological aspects. There are two thematic groups of terms with the reference to retract and extend of the relative positioning of communicants being defined in the article. The distribution is based on semantics of verbs and function words. Changing the relative positioning of communicants changes the social zone and reports different information as exemplified with three stories of K.D. Vorobyov. The mutual influence of paracinemas and paraproxemas creates the integrated image of communicants, which gestures, facial expressions, and movements not only accompany but also complete speech
The article analyzes the most important works on the history, regulatory, and organizational and legal regulation of secret police of the Russian Empire engaged in the fight against criminal offenses, as well as a brief analysis and commentary of the content. It is noted that in the pre-revolutionary historiography special studies on the historical and legal analysis of the criminal investigation have been identified as the national system of secret police was formed only in 1908. In all Soviet historiography police detective, exactly like all public institutions of autocratic Russia as a whole was considered from the extremely negative side, with an emphasis on its "class, anti-national character" and "reactionary nature", within the established ideological dogmas that ultimately resulted in the loss of objectivity and distortion of the truth. Post-Soviet historiography is characterized by an almost total abandonment of rigidly set ideological attitudes that positively entailed as a new vector in the development of historical and historical and legal sciences in general and objective coverage of the problem in particular. During this period there were some published works, though fragmentary, which address the problems of Russian secret police in historical and legal aspects, taking into account the new conceptual approach
The article shows that in the late XIX - early XX century in Russia it was really bad crime situation. Therefore, on March 12, 1908 due to the orders of the Director of the Police Department, M.I. Trusevich it was formed "Department of Criminal Detective parts", so 8th paperwork Department, tasked with the general supervision over the activities of the detective department of the Empire. June 20, 1908 in the State Duma they discussed the draft law "To the organization of the detective department". July 6, 1908, approved by the State Council and the State duma, the law "To the organization of the detective department" was approved by the Highest Emperor Nicholas II. In accordance with the law there were approved the authorities of the criminal investigation in the largest cities of Russia. The article states that the total number of police detective was brought to 96 units. Analyzing the law in question, it should point to a number of shortcomings associated with its material component. Firstly, this is a minor detective department states even for the 1st category, which significantly reduces the impact of operational and investigative activities, in addition, the absence of the detective department states in the 3rd and 4th digits as an assistant chief of the Detective Department gave problems in cases vacation, business trip or illness head. But in the article there are different and positive aspects of the law. With the adoption of the law it became possible the creation of the All-Russian secret police system
The article notes that in the XIX century by the name of the decree of the Emperor Alexander II there was formed the Kuban area, including the territories of the Black Sea Coast, North-Eastern part of the Kuban and Zakubanye. Based on the opinions of imperial approval of the State Council "On the permission for the Russian citizen of non-army class to settle and acquire property in the lands of the Cossack troops" from April 29, 1868, Kuban as a whole, and the town of Ekaterinodar, in particular, have received a significant increase in population, which meant the prospect of rapid economic development. The article states that in the period from 1869 to 1871 on the territory of the Kuban region there was a judicial reform, which had a result: from the January 1, 1871, alongside with the formation of new courts there were established new court departments of prosecution of the Ekaterinodar District Court. Along with this great transformation, taking place in the police, the Emperor Alexander II, with a view to changes and improvements in the apparatus of the police, approved the "Temporary Regulations for the structure of the police in towns and districts of the provinces, the general establishment of the governed", which provided preservation for the city police exclusively in provincial and major district towns, leaving it under domination of the police chiefs. The rest of the city and the county police subordinated to the county police departments headed by the county police officer
In spite of decrease of meat import in connection with introduction of sanctions, demand and production of specialty produce are increased. High demands are lodged to meat produce for production of summer sausages. The technological defective goods of sausages not infrequently occur under use of meat raw with non-traditional autolysis and quality. For prevention of defective goods is necessary to have an opportunity to forecast the chemical content and rheological characteristics of sausages. These indexes are important for prognosis of quality of newly worked out or modernized receipts of sausages. The quality of sausages depends on qualitative indexes of minced meat. One of the indexes of minced beef is a consistence which is assessed not only organoleptically but on rheological characteristics. For production of sausages with advanced chemical content and consistence assessed under the help of rheological characteristics is necessary to work out the method of forecasting of ready goods quality. At projecting of the receipt we were offered to use the calculation of rheological and chemical-technological characteristics. There was described the classification of minced meat as heterogeneous system consisting of dispersive medium and phase. There were considered the possibilities of calculation of rheological, chemical indexes and complex chemical characteristics of minced meat and ready sausages in the work. The application of rheological methods of forecasting allows tracing the quality of sausages on any stage of production
Every stage of development of society is accompanied by the development of a state. Land has an inseparable connection with the development of a society as far as it is a basis of relations on possession, use and arrangement with it. Taking the analysis of considering period we see what kind of development was obtained by the land use. As well as we see the importance of these arrangements, firmly passing through centuries. For the describing period of the state moved from state property to the possibility of allotment reception in private hands. Concerning to land management, imitating the west experience and its own observations led it to a new level. It is important to notice that the high cost of living and the complexity of calculation and assessment of lands were always like that and we meet with them nowadays. The large reluctance of people to manage lands and pay taxes for that stands out beyond the state. Historically the origin of land cadastre is characterized under the objective necessity in obtaining of land data, as far as land is a source of getting material goods and the object of taxation. There was presented the transition of land use from simple account of lands to the qualitative land account and main replacement to land management of the territory. The jerk in the development of land-cadastre relations in the period of the Russian Empire is considered clearly