This article substantiates the importance of the development of the Far Eastern Federal District for economic growth and security of the country in terms of changes in the macroeconomic environment, as well as discloses the potential of this Russian Federation subject (huge reserves of natural resources, rich industrial base, trapping, reindeer herding, fishing, neighborhood with the Asia-Pacific region) and specifies the problems hindering its development (harsh climate, distance from the center of Russia, poor transport links, low population density). We have also presented a complex of government measures implemented to enhance the investment activity in the macro-region, including The essence of the federal target program, which determines the Far Eastern strategy of public policy, given the indicators and targets of its effectiveness. We presented and analyzed the actual data on the main indicators characterizing the volume, structure and orientation of foreign investment in the economy of the Far Eastern Federal District, designated by reason of their inefficiency and propose measures needed to create a competitive economy subject (to improve the economic and social integration of the population of the eastern regions of Russia with the rest of it; to invest in the restoration and creation of manufacturing industry enterprises; to reduce energy, transport, telecommunication tariffs; to develop mutually beneficial public-private partnership)
The article has identified, systematized and ranked by priority the factors that contribute to the content, structure and efficiency of production and the technological infrastructure of the agri–food market in the Republic of Adygea and determine the growth and improvement of product quality, the degree of resource-saving and productivity growth that allowed us to substantiate the steps of determining the level of development in the infrastructural support on the basis of building relevant factors according to their impact on the competitiveness of producers and the region as a whole. Based on the analysis of the current state of production and technological infrastructure of the agri–food market in the Republic of Adygea, we proved the need to reduce the complexity of the production processes through automation and mechanization of the most labor–intensive elements of resource and storage technologies and diversification of them through long–term storage of agri–food products. By calculating the warehouse stock and the needs of identified storage capacity we decided to reduce the unit cost for storage of agricultural products, which allowed proving return on investment in the development of resource–saving technologies in the organization of distribution logistics facilities in the region. We prove the economic feasibility of investment in on–farm storage organization of fruit and vegetables in the agricultural organizations of the Republic of Adygea in a significant seasonal shift of purchase prices and increased cost of the services of third–party storage facilities, allowing more specific ways to enhance the competitiveness of warehouses and facilities of industrial and technological infrastructure of agri-food market in general
Studies of ecosystems allow estimation of difficult processes (physical, chemical and biological), taking place in them and determine how to manage them. At the heart of the natural systems there are freely interacting populations of different taxons, productivity of their above-ground structures, details of which are quite limited, and as underground systems, the data have even less information. In the late 60s and early 70s in the XX century a lot of information appeared associated with problems of environment, its pollution, lack of energy of food resources, clean water; it determined the root cause of the reaction of the population of developed countries on the aggravation of relations between society of people and habitat. Existed for a long time the concept of the exploitation of nature, which reflected on using soils, forests, water and other sources and which showed the power of mankind and its technical power over nature. In reality, this concept was just a common strategy of aphids sucking their environment. Understanding the real situation on the different levels of consciousness of the population defined situation of practical and scientific research in the field of ecology of different directions - chemical, biological, mathematical and other sciences. Development of ecology today will evolve to meet conservation and sustainable development of the biosphere, which experiencing constant anthropogenic pressure. An important problem of agrolandscape systems is an objective assessment of their productivity. Among the issues that determine the development of agricultural systems there are the natural conditions and soil fertility, crop dynamics over the years, the duration of the growing season of individual taxons, as well as the possibility of create of mixed crops, different type of life form, ecological features, physiological diversity of biochemical characteristics. Sowings this type allow, under certain conditions, obtaining stable yields under any climate dynamics and significant reduction of soil erosion. Combined sowing that is practiced in South East Asia, particularly in China, where the main components are the soybean and corn. The usefulness of mixed crops is the stability of yields over the years and the ability to emphasize their resistance to dry weather conditions
The key stage of clonal micropropagation, the micropropagation sensu stricto, affords to increase the propagation index for plants, especially perennials. In this study, we consider ways to optimize clonal micropropagation of remontant raspberry cultivars. It is found that microsprout regeneration rate is 78,5–96,0 % on the multiplication s. str. stage. The most multipurpose nutrient medium is selected with containing 0,5 mg/l both of BAP and GK. When one uses this medium, regeneration rate runs 79,0–94,0% depending on genotype with sprout high running 24,8–32,7 mm and sprout number – 1,2–2,2 per node. The optimal duration of growing cycle is 30 days with the propagation index within 6,6–7,8, depending of genotype
The main tendencies of the development of forestry in the Russian Federation under the implementation of the Forest Code of 2006 are discovered, the goals of forming the institutional environment for forests use, conservation, protection and reproduction at the present stage are defined. The activities in the field of conservation, protection and reproduction of forests in the country in the period from 2007 to 2013 are characterized by a decrease in the volume of work and activities. A steady upward trend in the loss of forest resources from forest fires was outlined. The state policy of the Russian Federation in the area of use, conservation, protection and reproduction of forests is aimed at conservation and augmentation of forests, maximum satisfaction of the needs for high quality products and useful properties of forests. The achievements of stated objectives were provided by solving of a number of tasks, including the increase in efficiency of the forest sector management and intensification of the use and reproduction of forests, which have the priority meaning. The authors determined the institutional model of public-private partnership in the forest sector of the Russian economy recognizing the need to develop flexible institutions for interaction between government and business in the use, conservation, protection and reproduction of forests as an integral part of intensive economic model. The article proposes a conceptual scheme of efficiency assessment for investment projects in forest development and target functions for data subjects of investment projects: the federation, the region, the business and local community
Nitrogen supply of soils is an important factor in the successful cultivation of agricultural crops. Nowadays, in the Central Black Earth region there are planted orchards with high density of trees, with installed systems of drip irrigation and fertigation. Such orchards are relatively new, particularly in this region. Fertigation ambiguous effects on soil structure and its content of nutrients, especially hydrolysable nitrogen. Therefore, the study of the distribution of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil under the influence of fertigation and drip irrigation is important. The aim of our research was to investigate the distribution hydrolysable nitrogen in the root soil layers 0-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80 cm. Investigations were carried out according to conventional methods. In these layers of the soil, we have determined the content of hydrolysable nitrogen and yield. As a result, we have found that in variants with fertigation were the highest yield. In addition, with fertigation it was noted higher content of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil as compared with the control without irrigation, especially in the deep layers 21-40; 41-60 and 61-80 cm. It was also noted increase of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil along the periphery of the wetting
The combined method of formation of the “Steel - superficial of materials with effect of memory of the form on the basis of TiNiCu” composition, which includes mechanical activation of powder, the high-speed gas-flame dusting, the subsequent thermo-mechanical processing is considered. The operating parameters are defined and the optimum modes of processing providing formation of the layers with nano-sized structure are recommended, chemical and phase composition of which corresponds to the shape memory effect
The equation describing the whole combination of actions with bees in hives during spring development is obtained. The formula for coefficient of degree of bee colony development during exact period is obtained. The whole combination of electrical technological actions let to increase the bee colony spring development by two times. The counting of the bee keeping labor profitability for the case of application of electrical technologies during winter and spring is carried out. Application of electrical technologies increases the profitability of honey production by two times. The competitiveness of honey bee products could be increased by the way of application of the meanings of efficient electrical technologies targeted onto increasing of honey productivity of bees, increasing of eco-purity of sanitary actions and decreasing of labor content of main technological actions. Using these calculations, you can create an automated climate control system in the hive. To do this, you must also take control laws and apply the appropriate sensors, microcontrollers and executive bodies. All of this will go to the next - higher level of profitability of beekeeping that rose-sieves produced pro-competitive products. To automate the most labor-intensive processes of beekeeping. These processes are pumping honey and labor costs beekeepers to carry out veterinary and sanitary measures
The backgrounds of agent-based control in social and economic systems are discussed. The first background is based on the subjectivity of each control in social and economic systems, since such systems are regulated by people, serve them or affect their interests. The second background results from the fact that the control is effective due to the phenomenon of control agent’s mental activity, which includes an availability to see the future of the outside world through a various of targets, to rank and consciously select targets and ways to achieve them in accordance with agent’s preferences, to communicate using the natural language, in order to develop the emergence of organizational systems. The third background provides the development of special human abilities, which are the phenomenon of their subjective activities, based on a transition from the above human behavior models to formal models for the purpose of control and from formal models to descriptive ones — for the purpose of how the control agent should act. The fourth background lies in a need to eliminate a gap between descriptive and mathematical control sciences, the agent-oriented control targets and selection of actions. The fifth background towards the development of a new mathematical administrative subject, allows studying a wide enough variety of administrative events in social and economic systems, operating constructively with basic concepts and subjects of the agent-oriented control, what is equivalent to a new branch of mathematics – preferences models calculus. The provisions of the concept of agent-oriented control in social and economic systems are represented. The provisions of the concept are related to definitions, integrated assessment method (analysis problem), method of the intellectual support of decision-making (synthesis problem) and information technologies, which are an instrumental base of the agent-oriented control in social and economic systems
The research of ethnic composition of the nobility of the Northern Caucasus is carried out in the article on the basis of statistical sources. The author calculated the results of the First General census of the Russian Empire in the Kuban, Stavropol and the Terek regions of 1897 y. It is shown that the ethnic composition of the upper classes was different in regions. The analysis of the results of the census of 1897 shows that in the Kuban region the most numerous language groups were Russian (77%), Polish (7,1%), Circassian (5.8 percent) ones. The ratio of language groups was not the same in the towns and villages. It is noted that in Stavropol province the dominance of Russians was significant compared with Kuban region. They accounted for 86.8% among the hereditary nobility of the province and among personal they accounted for 94%. The second place among the nobility of the province was occupied by the poles: the hereditary nobility was accounted for 7.7 %, personal nobility was accounted for 2.1%. Moreover, a significant proportion of them lived in urban areas. The national composition of the nobility in the Terek region is considered, it is shown that the Russian nobility prevailed in all administrative units: among hereditary – 73.1 %, among the personal – 77,7%. The second place belonged to the poles (9,25%). Produced calculations show that the most numerous from other language groups of the hereditary nobility were Ossetian (3,76%), Armenian (2,54%), Georgian (2,87%), Kumyk (2,01%), Chechen (0,92%), German (1,57%), Circassian (0,92%) ones. The nobility of the Northern Caucasus was multinational; it can be explained by historical condition of the formation of the indigenous population, as well as increased influx of immigrants in the post-reform period from various provinces of Russia