The article represents the author's view on the issue of
formation of innovative environment in the oil and gas
industry through clustering. The main task of the
author is, on the one hand, clusters’ role justification in
optimization of organizational structure of regional
fuel and energy complex. On the other hand, it is a
justification of the state's functions in ensuring the
intensification of innovation. To solve this complex
problem the author explores the approaches to the
definition of "cluster", adapting existing theories to
clustering of the regional to the oil and gas sector.
There are the structural-logic "Competitive diamond"
Russian oil cluster "and" Competitive diamond "oil
cluster Russia." The author 'classification of
innovations in the energy sector is developed. The
question of revitalization of the state’s efforts to build
a favorable innovation environment was considered
based on several logical promises. The first, public
policy objectives to stimulate investment in innovation
are substantiated. Second, we studied directions of
transformation of the global energy market and their
impact on the economic security of Russia as oil
exporters. Separately, the emphasis is placed on fiscal
policy in the energy sector
The analysis of social and economic development of
countries in the conditions of the globalization of the
world economy which is carried out with the use of
thermo-dynamical model showed that interaction of the
open economic systems standing on different levels of
development can lead to absorption or destruction of
one systems by others that finally will lead to "thermal
death" in economy (stagnation). The closed economic
systems can communicate with other countries by
means of international trade. Less developed countries
can't compete with industrially developed states and
will inevitably get under their influence. The isolated
economic systems can develop only in the presence of
domestic market, resources and rigid social structure.
Introduction of the anti-Russian sanctions and other
external factors led to restriction of the influence of the
foreign capital. Innovative activity in economy and
strengthening of government institutions might be
observed as a result. The thermo-dynamical model
shows that partial isolation of the developing economic
system possessing sufficient production and scientific
potential leads to stabilization of its structure and
growth of the innovative activity
Influence of a foreign factor on innovative development
of the countries isn't unambiguous, for Russia the
foreign capital was rather limiting factor, than incentive
to development. The analysis of historical experience of
development of domestic science and equipment
showed that the maximum innovative activity of
economy was noted during the centralized science
funding and education. The most important for the
invention and opening which found the application in
domestic economy, were made times of the state control
of processes of development and introduction of new
types of production and technologies. As a result of the
retrospective analysis, it was revealed that innovative
processes in domestic economy in the period of
economic sanctions and restrictions especially become
more active. In this work, it is shown that the market
mechanisms providing free movement of technologies,
knowledge, scientists and experts have negative impact
on the developing national innovative system. Foreign
investments by means of which foreign corporations
exercise control over the domestic enterprises have
special impact on development and promote capital
outflow abroad. It is offered to toughen control of the
foreign capital within the current legislation and to
promote activation of an exchange of scientific and
technical information at the international level
This article explores the critics of pedagogical
discourse within activity theory. This critical approach
is provided explicitly in contemporary Russian
philosophy by I.A. Karavaeva. Within activity theory,
the idea of objectivity serves as a main criterion of an
educational process, whereas a teacher and a student
are losing their subjectivity. While a teacher is
reproducing the learning material by means of the
method, both of which are determined not by himself,
a student should be reproducing the provided material
as close to the original as possible. The learning
process resembles the reflection in the mirror. The
article raises the question of how to return the
subjectivity back to pedagogical discourse. The article
states that we should take into account the classical
German philosophy by F.W.J. Shelling (concept of
“un-grounding” of knowledge) as well as the
contemporary continental philosophy by J. Deleuze
(identity of thinking and learning). These theories help
to understand how a teacher and a student can think
and learn together. The dialogue between a teacher and
a student produces a unique and contingent learning
situation, when thinking is provoked by the necessity
of interpreting signs and making them meaningful. In
terms of didactics, this results in abandoning the
illusion of primordial knowledge as well as in
transition towards the post-methodological approach in
education
The author deals with problems of substitution of
senses and notions in the science and in the social life.
Such processes result not only in distortion of the
scientific worldview but also in absolutely undesirable
social cataclysms. However, this scientific problem
has not been yet worked out to sufficient extent, which
hampers preventing the mentioned distortions of the
real worldview and brings to unwanted consequences
requiring correlation and corrections. The question of
senses and notions substitution is not new in the
science but it has not been yet sufficiently studied. We
know that strictness of thinking must be dearly paid
for in loss of flexibility in revaluation of senses, which
makes you easily slip into dogmatism. It should be
noted that this keeps taking place both in the science
itself and in the life of society any science is called to
serve. So the science can be hardly imagined without
schools of thought. They ensure preservation of certain
knowledge, vision, approach and, finally, of a certain
school – they are traditions and authority of the
science. However, having passed their golden age,
when the founder used to be followed after several
generations by dogmatists whose genius and talent
were far from being so great, a school begins to
degrade producing scholasticism by substitution and
emasculation of senses and notions and finally
destructs itself. The collectivization in the USSR in the
30ies of the 20th century and so-called “extremes”
associated with it being that very substitution of sense
platforms in its pure form constitutes a rather
illustrative example of social manipulation based on
the substitution of sense platforms. These activities
relating to detection of senses and notions substitution
will also be developed in the future. The truth will be
approached as before through cleaning the knowledge
of the myth, through searching for the original sense or
the archetype separated from lie and fabrication,
cleaned of scientific dishonesty and political order
In the recent past, class-consciousness was considered
one of the expression forms of social consciousness
and acted as its main form due to close interaction with
interests of people. The class-consciousness and the
consciousness of classes were two separate matters of
consideration. It was supposed that the essence of
class-consciousness and of the class-psychology
concomitant with it could only be comprehended in
consideration of structure of the social consciousness
as a whole. The correlation and interconnection of
social psychology and structural units of social
consciousness and ideology was a topical issue.
However, it should be noted that any consideration of
the social consciousness and psychology is just a
naked abstraction when it is made in any of their
interpretations with no account taken of the material
bearer, i.e. the human who is a living organism, and of
population, genetic and environmental circumstances.
Therefore, talking about the class-consciousness and
revolutionary nature of consciousness of the working
class, we meet the following expected question: how
can we talk about any progress if everything comes to
destruction and further formation of an allegedly
classless society with bloodshed and death of a
significant part of population? At the same time, we
can observe reemergence of the thesis of human
heterogeneity that the humankind is not a single
species but a biological genus. The species this genus
consists of have their own genus-consciousness, which
is also aggravated by race features and race
consciousness. That is why there is actually no sense
in talking about peculiarity of the class-consciousness
and social consciousness regardless of certain society
encased in some geographical shell. Research in this
field is worth being developed after moving to the
level of biosphere
During the times of the Soviet Union, it was believed
that the collective farm peasants were a class of the
soviet society that formatted its social basis together
with the working class and the people’s intellectuals.
There was also an opinion that the collective farm
peasants took an active part in construction of the
communism and in ever more intensive development
of productive forces in the agricultural sector.
Evolution of the peasants was interpreted as follows:
in course of preparation and actual realization of the
social revolution along with subsequent reforms, the
poorest peasants acting as ally of the proletariat
became stronger in their revolutionary mood and
gradually mastered certain elements of the proletarian
ideology. Revolutionary enthusiasm and mood of the
poorest peasants changed the consciousness of most
working peasants for the benefit of collectivization.
The latter created in its turn an objective basis of all
peasants’ transformation to a quite new social class
and formation of its socialist psychology. At the same
time, the peasants were always under suspicion, which
related to their petty-bourgeois nature. It should be
mentioned that there was not any voluntary move of
peasants from individualistic sentiments to
collectivism. The transition to industrial methods in
agriculture and to integration of peasants to collective
farms was not caused by some abstract class feeling of
the peasants but by the economic necessity and
expedience for the country. Therefore, we can observe
a substitution of sense platforms regarding this matter,
which is ascertained and reasoned in this publication
The conceptualization of the phenomenon of a man in Economics is one of the key problems of a modern science. Interdisciplinary investigations devoted to the models of «homo economicus», have found their acceptance in the second half of the twentieth century. So, Jean Baudrillard considered the «homo economicus» as part of the postmodern trends. Baudrillard’s man is a consumer living in a society of abundance. The author considers the main features of modern man, presented in the works of Baudrillard. The article analyzes the characteristics of the consumer society that emerged in the twentieth century after the revolution of well-being, defined are the criteria and procedures of selection of the human wealth, and also their further consumption. Special attention is paid to the nature of consumption as a process and an end in itself, the transformation of the credit system, the credit perception of the Human. Individual ceases to be a key agent of the economy. Demand is subjected to an action from the supply side, it is becoming a function of production, under the influence of which the structure of demand is being changed. The author has also addressed to the problem of rationality as the basis of economic modeling and detects the Baudrillard’s negation of rationality as the characteristics of a person consuming. In conclusion, the article has presented the basic concepts of Jean Baudrillard about human behavior in the modern economic environment
The modern xeno-olexis function (analyzing foreign
words in the modern Russian language in the XX and
XXI centuries) in the speech behaviour of a language
personality group of a high school student. The study
was conducted on the online communication material
texts. The group formed the main feature of the high
school's student language identity. The basic
structural and substantial components of student
Internet subdiscourse: temporality, locative, event,
problem, authorship. The model of the conceptual
field of student Internet sub discourse was nominated
the latest (new) xeno-lexis. It highlights the core
concept of the field, near, far and extreme periphery.
The Initial Internet research corps of sub discourse
group linguistic personality of high school students
on the lexical level allows the simulation of sub
discourse to identify main thematic areas and to
structure them on the basis of the conceptual field
What is the thing under the philosophical
interpretation? The thing is a subject of the material
reality, which existence is relatively independent and
stable. Everything has its place in space. The material
world consists of the totality of things, and that is why,
concerning the image of “the thing” in a literary work,
we address to all the objects created by men, which
enter the world of the plot. It can be a costume of a
character, an interior of his house, utensils, personal
items and many other things which compose the usual
sphere of cultural life. In the course of the
development of the society people withdraw
themselves from the natural environment; their
environment becomes man-made. The world of things
is naturally reflected in the literature, and in the course
of time its importance increases. We can explore some
features of an author’s worldview through the analysis
of his ideological and topical works. The study proves
that the material world is fully and equally represented
in the author’s stories. Therefore, the vision of the
material world is a deeper property of the author's
consciousness than the ideological and thematic
occupancy of the works. The material world is one of
the main problems of Leskov's worldview. Leskov is a
realist. The filling of the material world can be either
religious or social. In the spiritual stories «the thing»
must be pushed to the sidelines and become a religious
symbol. But Leskov breaks this system and remains
temporal