Name
Kravchenko Roman Viktorovich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
associated professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Kuban State Agrarian University
Web site url
—
Articles count: 62
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the main tillage in the technology of cultivation of sunflower on its agrophysical properties. The object of the research was sunflower, the Vulkan variety, the predecessor was winter wheat. The soil was superpowerful low-humus typical leached chernozem. The studies were carried out in a stationary experiment on the basis of the experimental field of the department of general and irrigated agriculture of KubGAU in accordance with generally accepted methods for experiments with grain crops. Variants of experience (basic tillage): Option 1 (A0) - dump plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm (control); option 2 (A1) - chiseling 25-27 cm; option 3 (A2) - disc peeling at 8-10 cm; option 4 (A3) - zero treatment (direct seeding). On the basis of the conducted research, a general trend of agrophysical soil deterioration during the entire vegetation period of sunflower development and with a decrease in the intensity of the main tillage in the technology of its cultivation is revealed. So, the soil density was minimal, and the total porosity and soil moisture, as well as the reserves of productive moisture were maximal when carrying out land plowing at a depth of 25-27 cm to the main tillage. 25-27 cm) slightly worsened these figures. Conducting in the main tillage only surface disc peeling to a depth of 8-10 cm led to a further deterioration in these indicators. And in the last place there was the option where the soil was left without primary treatment under direct sowing of the crop (the variant of zero tillage). And just before harvesting sunflower (September), zero tillage provided the highest levels of soil moisture and reserves of productive moisture
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the main tillage in the technology of cultivating winter barley on its agrophysical properties. The object of research was winter barley, sort Rubezh, the predecessor - winter wheat. Soil - heavy duty, low humus, typical leached chernozems. The studies were carried out in a stationary experiment on the basis of the experimental field of the Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture at KubSAU in accordance with generally accepted methods for experiments with grain crops. Scheme of experience (primary tillage): option 1 (A0) - dump plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm (control); option 2 (A1) - chisel for 20-22 cm; option 3 (A2) - disk peeling at 8-10 cm; option 4 (A3) - zero treatment (direct sowing). Based on the research, a general orientation is revealed in the technology of cultivating winter barley to reduce the agrophysical indicators of the soil throughout the growing season of the development of its plants while lowering the tension of its main processing. So, the density of the soil was minimal, and the structure and moisture of the soil, as well as the reserves of productive moisture were maximum on the option with dump plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm. Conducting deep loosening at the same depth (chiseling by 20-22 cm) somewhat worsened these parameters . Implementation of disk peeling in the main tillage (by 8-10 cm) contributed to the deterioration of these parameters. The option of zero tillage was in last place according to these indicators. And only before harvesting, zero tillage contributed to the formation of higher soil moisture and productive moisture reserves
The article presents the results of the fertilizers use effect on dry wine materials produced from the Chardonnay variety, grown in the Anapo-Taman soil and climatic zone of the Krasnodar region, Russia. As a result of wine materials analysis, increase of tartaric acid was noted, with the autumn application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and the spring application of ammonium nitrate. At the same time, its optimum content was noted with nitroammophos. Also, the minimum concentration of malic acids was detected by the application of nitroammophos with potassium fertilizers. In its turn, early spring application of ammonium nitrate reduced the concentration of malic acid below the control sample (without fertilizers). It was revealed that the use of mineral fertilizers in this winemaking zone also contributed to a reduction of lactic acid in the must. At the same time, the application of nitroammophos (especially together with other mineral fertilizers), contributed to the accumulation of citric and succinic acids, as well as phenolic compounds. Moreover, the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers in the autumn contributed to the accumulation, and, consequently, also to the increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the resulting must. In addition, the studied samples of wine materials contained high alcohol concentrations and low concentrations of sugars with volatile acids. At the same time, the maximum amount of alcohol exceeding its content in the control sample was revealed when phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were used together with nitroammophos fertilizers. It is also noted that the application of ammonium nitrate did not affect this indicator. As a result, the use of mineral fertilizers in the studied concentrations made it possible to prepare wine materials that contained a low concentration of sulfur dioxide, which is substantially lower than the harmful concentration for humans. In addition, increased concentrations of hydrogen ions in variants with the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers have made it possible to reduce the number of iron tanates and the intensity of oxidation-reduction processes
The article reviews the results of studying the influence of mineral fertilizers on the uvological, yielding and qualitative indices of the Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot was performed in accordance with the accepted for the given zone and culture. Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes were laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a two-shoulder horizontal cordon. On the bushes, there was formed the same load shoots and bunches. Scheme of experience: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option 2 - superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt (P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 – nitroammofoska (N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of the studies on the study of biological features of growth, fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows their high efficiency in the conditions of the Anapo-Tamanskaya zone of the Krasnodar region and can be recommended for use in production conditions. Autumn application of nitroammofoski (N120P120K120) provides an increase in yield by 68.3%, increases the yield of mash from a hectare by 76.7% and the collection of sugar by 97.6%. Autumn application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers (P90K90) and early spring application of ammonium nitrate (N60) also contributed to an increase in yields by 33.3 and 40.6%, respectively. On the output of the wort, these options are equal, and for the collection of sugar phosphate-potassium fertilizers exceed ammonia nitrate
The results of comparative analysis of three white muscat grades of grapes Viorika, the Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan according to the biological indicators of fructification, productivity, quality of berries, mechanical structure of bunches, suitability for manufacture of direct extraction juice and dry wines are depicted in the article. All studied grades differ by high percent of fruiting runaways and high factors of fruiting and fructification. The highest factors of fruiting and fructification of runaways are reflected at grade Viorika, and the lowest - at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways according to the length of a fruit spear are high and rather levelled at all grades. That is why, depending on bushes forming, it is possible to apply short and average (6-7 buds) length of vine cutting. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways from angular buds and sleeping buds are high enough, that shows to good regenerative ability of studied grades. Grades Viorika and the Muscat de Yaloven are tall, and the Muscat onitskan is average height. Degree of ripening of runaways at grades Viorika and the Muscat onitskan is good, at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven - satisfactory. Productivity of grades Viorika, Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan is 77,94; 81,52 and 72,72 centner/hectares, and efficiency of runaway - 199,5; 193 and 221,9 with a significant difference between grades on both indicators. The exit of a mash at grades was 77,5-79,4 %. According to the contents of solids, sugars and acids, grapes of all grades correspond to requirements for manufacture of high-quality direct extraction juice. From grapes of these grades, it is possible to produce high-quality direct extraction juice under the name of ampelographic and blended grades.
Sampling estimation of dry wines from grapes of these grades fluctuates from 7,6 to 7,8 points: 7,8 (Viorika), 7,7 (the Muscat onitskan), 7,6 (the Muscat de Yaloven)
In the article, the review of results of studying of an annual cycle of decomposition of the vegetative remains of crops, which decompose under favorable conditions of moistening and temperatures during an annual cycle decays, on 80 to 100 % is given, and their complete decomposition is observed in 2 years. Their positive impact on soil fertility – increase in fermentation activity, humification increase, lack of toxicity is thus noted
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the conditions of the Piedmont horticulture zone of the Krasnodar region and the shape of the crown on the productivity of apple trees. Objects of study were trees of winter apple varieties Idared and Renet Simirenko grafted on MM 106 rootstock. The trees were planted according to the 5 × 3 m pattern. In the eighth year, the rounded crowns were transformed into flattened across the row (from the eastern and western sides of the tree) to crown width 2.0 ... 2.5 m. Orientation of rows was from east to west. The garden is located on the northern slope with a slope of 3 degrees. Scheme of experiment: option 1 - sparse-tier crown (control); option 2 - flattened crown. In the experiment, 2 variants; in each variant, 10 typical trees were taken. Repetition tree plot. The place of the experiment is Abinsky district of the Krasnodar region. Agrocounts of indicators of fruiting of apple trees were carried out according to generally accepted methods, statistical processing of research results was carried out by the method of analysis of variance described by B.A. Dospekhov. The results of our studies showed that flattening the crown of apple trees contributes to an increase in the number of fruits formed on them per unit volume of the crown in the variety Idared to 10.1 kg or 1.87 times, and per m2 of the projection of the crown to 15.5 kg or 1.72 times more than crowns without flattening. In the variety Renet Simirenko, the number of fruits according to the same indicators increases by 1.86 and 1.74 times. Also, when flattening crowns, the yield of apples from one tree in the Idared variety increases by 9.6%, and in the Renet Simirenko variety decreases by 7.7% compared with the control
The article reviews the results of the study of the influence of treatment of vines of Saperavi with lignohumate of grade "A" on its uvological and fruitful properties in the Anapо- Taman zone of the Krasnodar region
The article gives a review of the results of studying the features of the formation of sugar corn grain yield depending on the application of nitrogen mineral fertilizers used for sowing and fertilizing. The object of research was the mid-early hybrid of corn called Krasnodarsky Sakharny 280 SV (FAO 280). In the experiment, 2 factors were studied: factor Ā - sowing nitrogen fertilizer (b / ud (k), 15 and 30 kg.d.v. / ha), factor B - root nitrogen fertilizing (b / ud (k), 15 and 30 kg.dv./ha). The total area of the plot is 20 m2, the accounting area is 10 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 4, including accounting - 2. The plots are systematically placed. In the fall, the main mineral fertilizer was applied at a dose of N30P60K60, under the main tillage - plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm. Four-fold repetition. The predecessor is winter wheat. The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Studies have established that the highest yield of ears of sugar corn in milk ripeness - 14.60 and 14.71 t / ha, respectively, was obtained on options with the addition of N30 when sowing + N15 or N30 in root dressing. A further increase in the dosage of nitrogen to 60 kg.d.v./ha does not lead to an increase in yield. The highest level of profitability was obtained with the option of sowing nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg.d.v / ha in combination with nitrogen for top dressing at a dose of 15 kg.d.v / ha (N30 + N15)
There was given the review of the results of the study
in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman zone of the
Krasnodar region of the influence of the treatment of
vines of Saperavi of lignohumates of the grade "В"
(“LG-B Bio”, “LG-B Best Bio”, “LG- Best L”) on the
quality of must and wine materials. The technology of
the grape cultivation on the experimental plot
corresponded to the adopted technology which is used
in the JSC "Pobeda" of Temryuk District and was
widely accepted for the keeping of fruit-bearing
plantations of the zone of uncovered viticulture.
Agrobiological works were carried out at the optimum
terms and were of high quality. Vines of the third- year
of life, embodied by the scheme in 3,0 x 1,5 m. The
forming is a one-sided Guyot with a height of the trunk
in 60 cm. On bushes there was formed the same load
shoots and clusters. There were carried out the
treatments of grape leaf surfaces by the solutions of
lignohumates twice: the 1st – before the flowering and
the 2 nd in the beginning of the formation of berries (in
20 days after the first one). The spraying was carried
out in the early morning hours. The accounting of the
grape harvest and the sampling for the determination of
the quality of must and wine materials (10 kg per each
type) was conducted in September 20, 2012. The
technological and physical-chemical analyses were
carried out in the shop of mini winemaking and in the
accredited testing laboratory of the grape processing of
the scientific center of the winemaking SCSRIHGG of
the RAAS. The preparations "LG-B Bio", "LG-B
Super Bio" and "LG-B Best A" as grape growth
regulators have the equal and stable effect