The analysis of phenological phenomena of 9 tree and
shrub species and longevity of their vegetation activity
was made in Tomsk (southeastern West Siberian
Plain). Since 1969 until 2013 the start of the
phenological phenomena in the trees and shrubs
became to be earlier and the end did to be later. Trends
of the start of birch juice moving and flowering is
higher (–2.5–3.4 days/decade) than trends of leave
appearance, yellowing and falling (+2.5–1.3
days/decade) in the trees and shrubs. Dates of the start
of the phonological stages and the sums of
accumulated positive temperatures high correlate
between each other. The period of their general
vegetation activity increased by 20 days and active
vegetation activity did by 7 days
Introduction of the enzyme preparation Roxazym G2 into the mixed fodder for young pigs favours increase of live weight by 5.4 - 7.3 % and average daily weight gain by 6.6 - 9.1 %
The article considers the regularities of the growth and development of the plantations of Crimean and Scotch pine on sandy soils of Tersko-Kumskoye interfluve plain, presents the classification of forest suitability, estimates the forest growing efficiency and prospects of the use of pine species when forest amelioration of soils, suggests the technologies for forestations arrangement. During the past century there had been grown over 60 hectares of pine cultures on sands of Tersko-Kumskoye interfluve plain under the strict conditions of transition zone dry steppe-semidesert. The Achikulakskaya NILOS VNIALMI (N. K. Lalymenko, V. I. Kabalaliyev, N. S. Zyuz) managed to plant about 60 hectares of Crimean pine and over 5 hectares of Scotch pine cultures in the 70-80-th of the last century, about 50 % of them are still growing. The study of the said forestations led to the following conclusions. On the thick sands (6-8 m) of Bazhigansky forest area the stable growth of Scotch pine continues up to 25-30 years, that of Crimean pine – up to 30-35 years. By the age of 40 the productivity of Crimean pine forestations (170-260 m3/ha) exceeds visibly the accumulated reserve of Scotch pine forest stand (60-100 m3/ha). The increment in height decreases sharply starting at the age of 15-20 years for Scotch pine and at 25-30 for Crimean pine plantations. On the clay sands with the level of low-mineralized ground water of 2,5-3,0 m and despite high fall the stable growth of Crimean pine continues up to 35-40 years and more. On the monophase sands of Tersky forest area the Crimean pine grows relatively slowly during the first 10-15 years though more evenly year by year. The thick lamellar deposits and monophase sands with the depth of sweet ground water of 3-5 m provide the best conditions for forest growing. The longevity of Scotch pine plantations of 50-55 years and that of Crimean pine of 60-65 years can be achieved by current planting technologies and effective conservation of the forestations on the thick sands, while on the medium thick clay sands it can be 60-65 and 70-75 correspondingly, and on the monophase sands on the sites with the additional life-long sweet ground water nutrition – over 80 years. The following measures should be the most effective when afforestation of highly overgrown sites – the many-year fallow and thorough cultivation of inter-rows of young cultures and their planting with coulisses and blocks. When planting of cultures on interfluve plain on lightly overgrown sands of low water capacity the planting of seedlings by combined aggregates type MPP-1 provides the best results. The ecological and economical effectiveness of forest amelioration of pastures forms of the costs of the woody and non-woody forestation resources, their soil-conservation, environment improvement and recreation functions. The effect of one hectare of pasture protective pine coulisses planted on lowdegraded pastures should be about 35 thousand rubles during 50 years (average longevity of forestations), when amelioration of highly overgrazed pastures it would be 130 thousand rubles per year. The main part (80-90 %) of the benefit takes the costs of the prevented loss caused by wind erosion
The roots of scientific knowledge on soil go into antiquity
and are connected with the development of
land management. A human had knowledge about
soil as a friable layer of Earth, which was a subject o
land management treatment until the time there were
occurred the problems of shortage of arable lands,
hunger and decrease of fertility, which caused the
necessity of obtaining of more produce with less arable
lands. The development of soil science was required
for solving of these practical tasks. In postwar
period there were carried out the large researches
in the field of plant nutrition and application of fertilizers.
For this period the active study of organic
properties of soil occurred. The Dokuchaev’s study
on genetic types of soil was the tuning point in the
development of problems of soil classification. The
further development of problems of soil classification
were made on the basis of set genetic positions, thus
the various approaches lighting the different parties
of a classification problem took place. The soil fertility
in force of its important functions for a long
time is not only as an agronomic category but also as
a social, economic, philosophic, and at the last time –
ecological one. The modern understanding of function
of fertility is reached with the help of mathematical
modeling. First, it is necessary clearly to present
the aggregate factors of fertility and their interaction
between them and external factors
Considering the nature of the development of sod, gemmation resumption for a period of unfavorable conditions, types of shoots, their vegetative mobility and placement in terms of ecological niches rhizomatous grasses are divided into rhizomatous, rhizome-loosely-turf and sod-rhizomatous biomorphological types, that stand out the specifics of environmental and biological characteristics forming generative, elongated, lateral shoots and roots, differing features of morphology, anatomy, biochemistry and phytocoenology forming continuous grass stand
The article provides an overview of the results of experimental works of the authors on the use of different methods of fractionation of Lucerne juice to obtain feed additives
The article is concerned with the use of functional feed additives from pumpkin fruits and alfalfa juice for the poultry industry. In the study of laying hen it has been found that the use of a feed additive in-creased pumpkin paste content in serum and egg yolk carotenoids is more than two times, and the concentration of vitamin A in these tissues increased slightly, not exceeding 20%. Livability and productivity of poultry increased and average expendable fodder per head per day decreased. Economic calculation showed that the use of pumpkin paste reduces the cost of production of eggs. The use of alfalfa juice coagulates in diets for broiler chickens resulted in an increase in the concentration of carotene in the liver by 22,7-46,8% relative to control. The juice addition also increased the content of vitamin A in the liver by 27.9%, increase the safety and efficiency of the bird. The authors draw certain conclusions from experiment results that the use of functional additives in poultry from the fruit of pumpkin and alfalfa juice is an alternative to synthetic vitamin preparations and produce a more environmentally friendly products
There is gender differences regulatory-adaptive status of the students at the beginning and at the end of the academic year in the article. The results must be considered in the allocation of training load during the academic year
This review covers the advances of the molecular biology in the study of gene expression characteristics of animals in the amino acid imbalance
As for beneficial fauna, the most number of parasitic hymenoptera is noticed in organic orchards. The least quantity of parasitic hymenoptera can be met in conventional orchards. The characteristic feature of arthropods in conventional orchards in 2008 was the frequent occurrence and rather big number of acariphages (ladybirds of Stethorus family). The occurrence of the considerable quantity of predatory bug Campilomma and the bugs of Orius family was registered. All the enumerated species attack phytophagous mites. With the assumption of phytophagous mites population increase in organic orchards, the increase in Stetorus specimen was registered. Acariphages in ecological orchards occurred rarely. So we can suggest that predacious insect species – Stetorus, Campilomma, Orius –can serve as a certain indicator showing one or another population density of phytophagous mites in apple-tree orchards.