At present, the demand of producers and the market
determine the model of future varieties. Task for
breeders is to develop varieties having a set of
economic and biological traits fitting into the model
templates. The developed varieties and hybrids should
ensure for climatic conditions of the Krasnodar region
consistently high yields, better product quality and
maximum efficiency of crop industry. As a result of
breeding work there was developed a watermelon
variety called Yubilyar, belonging to medium-ripening
group, having high figures of economically valuable
traits. The variety has resistance to unfavorable factors
of growing conditions and stable yields. It is suitable
for cultivation in rainfed areas and practically does not
require protective measures against major diseases
prevalent in the southern regions. Fruits are large, of
wide elliptical shape, with bright crispy red flesh and a
thin crust. Determined by stable fruiting under
different weather conditions, friendly yield return,
commercial fruits – up to 92%. Potential yield – up to
25 t/ha. Good stored for 40-50 days, suitable for
transportation on a long distance. Passed preliminary
tests on the fields in the Krasnodar, Rostov regions and
the Republic of North Ossetia. According to results of
evaluation from producers the variety meets
requirements of the market and has a commercial
appeal
The phenomenon of fasciation on the example of higher
plants was considered. The effect of fasciation on the
various particularities of plants has been shown. The
numerous examples of the different groups of plants with
fasciation bodies are given. We have demonstrated that
the phenomenon of fasciation is more common for
cultivated plants than for wild. In most cases, fasciation
is considered as an exceptional phenomenon. A number
of authors have distinguished fasciation to inheritable
and non-inheritable. The first is caused by internal
reasons. The second is the influence of external factors
such as insect damage, injury, weather conditions. The
number of regularities was installed: reproductive bodies
of plants fasciationing more often; thermophilic forms
are more likely to be fasciation. The images of different
cultures with fasciation parts are given. We discuss using
the introduction of the term ”connаtions” as
morphological abnormalities. Fasciation can be
considered as a marker trait for the cause of this
phenomenon with violation of ecological situation. The
plants with morphosis, including fasciation of the certain
parts of bodies, can act as indicators of environmental
pollution. The study of the phenomenon of fasciation in
higher plants can be regarded as a method of breeding for
large fruit size. From one side, to establish the adaptation
abilities of newly created genotypes. Thus, the
phenomenon of fasciation has affected many areas of
science. On the other side, it is proof of the violations
caused by environmental factors. On the other hand, it is
hereditary reasons, and can also serve as a model for
studying morphogenesis
The article presents the long-term data (2007-2015.)
biometric aboveground plant parts and the estimation of
the prospects of the three introduced botanical species
of juniper and recommendations for their use in
landscape design. We have established very promising,
promising and unpromising varieties for landscaping in
the conditions of the foothill zone of the Krasnodar
region out of 16 varieties of juniper species: China,
ordinary and rock
The review considers a present level of knowledge
of terrestrial gastropod olfactory system. Special
attention is given to data concerning presence of
electrical coupling on different levels of terrestrial
gastropods olfactory analyzer functioning. Analysis
of available literature leads to conclusion that
further study of neural gap junctions in terrestrial
gastropods olfactory system will provide a
significant development in its structure and function
modeling
For the conservation of biodiversity, this study of
patterns of biological processes and phases in the
development of Convallaria majalis L. that are
repeated annually becomes actual. In the article, we
have presented an analysis of five years of
observations of the rhythm of the development of
Convallaria majalis L. in the conditions of the middle
Don. There were allocated phenological phases of lily
of the valley: vegetative (beginning of sprout growth,
deploying of leaves), bud formation, flowering
(disclosure of the first flower, mass blossoming, the
withering of separate flowers, the ending of
flowering), fruitage (the beginning of fruit setting,
mass of fruit setting, mass ripening of fruits), the end
of the vegetation (appearance of the first changes in
color of leaves, the complete drying). We have defined
daily average temperature and the appropriate amount
of positive temperatures for the passage of various
phases of development Convallaria majalis L. By the
results of two growing seasons, the optimal daily
average temperature for the flowering period is 14,3 °
C (the sum of average daily temperatures 161,3-204,
0С) - until 9-15 days. At higher daily air temperatures
flowering begins at lower amount of positive and
effective temperatures after 40-45 days after the start
of the vegetation. At lower daily air temperatures
flowering is longer than at higher. In the conditions of
the middle Don there were allocated some examples of
Convallaria majalis L. which bloom two years in a
row
The article discusses the formation of the collection
that includes the most numerous genus Pelargonium
(L.Herit.) from the family Geraniaceae Juss, as well as
its importance, and the prospects for replenishing and
use. There is also analysis of the publications for the
recent years, clarifying approaches and principles in
classifying the representatives of this species. The
collection of Russian Research Institute of Floriculture
and Subtropical Crops is described, taking into account
new palynological and cytogenetic criteria in
pelargoniums section division. It is represented by
more than 120 species, cultivars, as well as
intravarietal and interspecific hybrids and is divided
into three branches (A, B, C2), three subgenus
(Pelargonium. Parvulipetala, Paucisignata) and five
sections (Pelargonium, Otidia, Peristera., Reniformia
Ciconium). Collection samples are included to the
breeding research, as sources of economic features
when creating highly-ornamental hybrids and
cultivars. The work also studies possible using of the
most adapted species, cultivars and hybrids in urban
landscaping on the Black Sea coast
The isolation of E.coli phages from samples of natural
and waste water obtained during expeditions in the
different regions of Russian Federation was carried
out. The obtained phages (286 isolates) were tested for
their ability to lyse the pathogenic strains of E. coli –
pathogenic agents of pig colibacteriosis in Krasnodar
region. The study was conducted of their ability to
phage transduction, the molecular-genetic
characterization and biotechnological parameters of
selected bacteriophages. For first experimental design
of veterinary drugs was selected 5 coliphages having no ability of plasmids transduction. It has been shown
that all the investigated phages are representatives of
T4-type phages of family Myoviridae. The reported
study was partially supported by RFBR, research
projects No. 08-04-99111, 09-04-10132, 16-44-
230855
Along with traditional ways, the biotechnological
methods become more significant in contribution to
plant conservation in situ. The work is dedicated to
elaboration and advancement of the method of isolated
tissues and organs culture for conservation and
reproduction of the badan, Bergenia crassifolia L., the
rare species of Saxifrgaceae family. The conducted
study yielded the regenerated plants of B. crassifolia
from seeds. For the first time, we have performed
conservation and reproduction of B. crassifolia in vitro
under conditions of Yakutia
The soil by it physical and chemical properties is a
poly-dispersed heterogeneous multicomponent unique
environment for development of most microorganisms.
The soil is the richest natural substrate according
to microbial gene fund. Presence of plants and
animals in soil maintains it heterogeneous as environment
of soil microorganisms, which are main regulators
of natural gas composition of atmosphere of
Earth, including its macro- and micro-components
(including the main "greenhouse" gases - methane,
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide). Recently, the elucidation
of these singularities of vital activity of soil organisms
has resulted in general conclusion - due to
them soil cover serves as a global bio-geo-chemical
membrane, through which the exchange of matter and
energy between pedosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere,
hydrosphere and main living inhabitants of Earth does
its work
In FSBRI «North-Caucasus zonal scientific-research
institute of horticulture and viticulture» (Krasnodar)
there was carried out the comparative economicbiological
study of the average-height apple-tree
stock М9ЕМLA in comparison with initial weakgrowing
stock М9 in manifold, nursery and garden.
Manifold bushes of the clone M9ЕMLA is quite
worse in force than the stock М9 and were less
branchy. Output of standard per hectare of manifold
at the clone M9ЕMLA was on 35,5 thousand units
more, and а standard condition of cuttings - on 13,2
% higher, than at the stock М9. Cuttings of the clone
were less spiked and better rooted. In the first field of
nursery, the plants of the clone had a vertical growth
of the central conductor, slightly weaved and were
more suitable to inoculation. The output of standard
plants, in the variant with the use of clone M9ЕMLA
by the variety Champion, in average for 2006-2010
was on 3112 units/hа, and on the variety Prikubanskoye
– correspondently on 2470 units/hа higher
than grafted on the stock М9. The cost price of 1000
seedlings on the clone M9ЕMLA was on 1962 rubles
less than on the stock М9, and the standard of profitability
of seedling growing, on the contrary was on
14-19 % higher. In the garden the trees on the clone
M9ЕMLA were worse in growth of trees grafted on
М9: on volume of the crone on 0,4-0,6 m3
, in diameter
of the stem on 9-12 mm, in dependence on
the variety, independently on the fact that some trees
on clone were more weaker than grafted on the stock
М9, their productivity for 2011-2015 was higher as
from one tree as from the unit of area. The intensity
of fruiting expressed in yield in kilos from a tree on
the unit of volume of the top of a tree on the clone
M9ЕMLA was on 33-39% higher than at the trees on
the stock М9