The article analyzes the proprietary methods of
processing of vegetable raw materials and secondary
resources with the use of electromagnetic fields (EMF
SHF). Analysis of the database of Rospatent World
Intellectual Property Organization led to the conclusion
that EMF SHF used in the processing of vegetable raw
materials in the following processes: drying, reduction
of microbial contamination (decontamination), juice
production and extraction. It is established that the
application of EMF SHF is the most effective in
preparation for drying a plant raw material and not
directly at the stage of drying, thus reducing the loss of
heat-labile active compound in the drying process, and
therefore obtain a finished product of higher quality
and nutritional value. The patented methods of
extraction of vegetable raw materials extraction process
performed that extracting directly EMF SHF does not
allow pre-hold inactivate enzymes contained in the raw
material and lead to undesirable oxidative and
hydrolytic processes, and hence a decrease in the yield
of extractable substances in the extract and the
deterioration of its quality . Therefore, as in the case of
drying plant material, EMF SHF can be more
effectively used in preparation for an extraction
process. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that
the relevance of developments in the field of
technologies of processing of vegetable raw materials and secondary resources using EMF SHF at the stage
of their preparation for such basic processes - drying,
extraction, etc.
The article presents the results of the patent
research in the field of modern production
technologies of Inulin from plant material. It has
been established that the differences of the currently
known methods of production of inulin are
concluded in selecting raw materials pretreatment
inulin-containing modes type extractant and
extraction methods, methods of purification
inulincontaining extract and methods for producing
the final product. A significant amount of Inulin
production methods is based on use of freshly
feedstock. A number of methods have been
patented involving the extraction Inulin from plant
raw materials previously stabilized by drying. In
most of the methods, inulin extraction is carried out
at elevated temperatures with water or aqueous salt
solutions. Several technologies involve extraction
with organic solvents at low temperatures. Have
been patented several processes in which the
extraction is replaced by a separation process using
inulincontaining juice and physical and mechanical
methods. Some of the known processes provide for
the extraction process to further operations, such as
blanching vegetable raw materials, sonication,
vibration impact, processing enzymes. The most
promising direction to improve manufacturing
technology of inulin from fresh plant raw materials
is to conduct research on the use of electromagnetic
fields at microwave frequencies, the inactivating effects of which on enzyme systems is an
established fact that, in turn, would eliminate the
use of chemical agents for inactivation of oxidative
enzymes. In addition, considering that more
effective are the methods for the preparation of
inulin from freshly harvested plant material, are
relevant researches on development of innovative
technologies to prepare it for storage and its
storage, which will provide inhibition of unwanted
biochemical and microbiological processes that
occur during storage and lead to a loss of inulin
We have illustrated multiple factor analysis of the
dynamic friction coefficient of the friction units in
tribosystem and tribounits under laboratory conditions.
As the tribosystem we had a model band-block brake
with regime parameters of the control handle tension
of the brake and brake work. By using the method of
the mathematical planning of the extreme experiments,
we have obtained functional dependence of the
dynamic friction coefficient of the variable parameters
in the form of a second-order polynomial, which
adequately describe the processes under study. As
tribounit at the micro- and nanoscale there was the
reference change of the dynamic friction coefficient of
the pair "Retinax FC-24A – Steel 35HNL" as a
function of surface temperature, the values of which
correspond to certain laws, based on the rise and fall of
the characteristics of the dynamic friction coefficient.
We have made the evaluation of the dynamic friction
coefficient on the principle of the superposition with
the multiple factor analysis of the following
parameters: the process of forced cooling and heating;
the processes of the polarization and depolarization in
the contact patch of the micropoints of friction pairs;
the type of the contacts of the micropoints depending
on the work function of the electrons and ions from
materials; the formation of primary and secondary
structures on the surfaces of frictional contact; the
destruction and restoration of the pellicles on surfaces,
etc. We have analyzed the results of the studies of
changes of the dynamic friction coefficient on the
macro-, micro- and nanoscale and we have found the
basic factors affecting its value
The main direction of reducing the cost of soil
treatment based on resource-saving technologies is
the transition to surface treatment of soil with disk
tools. Double-row and four-row disc tools are manufactured.
Four-row tools significantly increase
tillage intensity. In the disk tools, the spherical disc
is fixed on the individual pole. Disc headers are
equipped with a rigid adjustment fixing the
standalone pole to the frame. Recommended operating
speed is up to 12 km/h. The advantage of a disc
header over the disc harrow is as follows: winding
plant residues on the axis are excluded. Disc
mulchers are equipped with a spiral bar on which a
spherical disk is mounted. The presence of the elastic
element allows the working unit to do lowfrequency
oscillations during movement. The result
of processing is the formation of mulch in the layer
of soil, which is a mixture of plant residues and soil
particles with a diameter of up to 25 mm. To assess
the effectiveness of the disc mulcher and the disc
header a unit is composed. The initial data for calculation
are as follows: tractor HTZ-150K, the resistivity
of the soil is 6 kN/m, disk tool working
width is 4 m, operating speed of the disc header is
12 km/h, operating speed of the disc mulcher is 15
km/h. Technical and economic performance of these
units is defined during disking the soil. The
choice of energy-saving operating regime was made
in a well-known manner. Theoretical value of slippage
of the leading tractor with disk mulcher was
6%, against 9% with the disc header. Working
speed of the mulcher made up 14.07 km/h against
10,89 of the disc header. The performance of the
unit with the mulcher made up 16.21 hectares, disc
harrow performance is 12,54 ha. Fuel mass flow of
mulcher decreased by 29% and made 9.68 kg/ha.
Using mulcher for surface treatment of the soil allows
to reduce the tillage energy costs thanks to
resource-conserving technologies
In the article we have considered the self-balanced
potato sorting machine differing from existing designs
of self-balanced potato sorting machines with an oscillatory
electric drive. That drive uses a linear induction
motor. As the counterbalancing device, the method of
the duplicating mechanism is applied. The duplicating
mechanism is a specular reflection of the main working
body, and also participates in technological process.
Its application in the drive of machine allows not
only to increase efficiency of cleaning, drying and
sorting of potatoes, but also to increase reliability of
sorting installation that corresponds to the newest
tendencies of development of technology. We have
brought the mathematical model of the offered electric
drive of potato sorting machine, which is implemented
in the environment of object and visual modeling of
Matlab |Simulink|. The mathematical model allows
investigating influence of parameters of the linear induction
electric drive on parameters of oscillatory process
of working body in dynamics. The developed
technique of research and the created experimental
potato sorting machine with the linear induction drive
have confirmed theoretical researches. The main kinematic
sizes of machine and technical parameters of
individual nodes are determined. It is shown, that the
efficiency of inertial transportation can be increased
for 20% in comparison with the classical drive from
the motor of rotation. Results of research will allow to
realize energetically and technologically effective potato
sorting machines with the linear induction drive
In poultry industry, animal breeding, greenhouses and
vegetable stores a significant amount of fans with
asynchronous motors is used to create a microclimate.
The fan speed of the fan should be regulated in order
to improve the efficiency, so the multispeed motors are
used for the fan drives. Line produced two-speed motors
with a proportion of the poles number 1:2 have a
polar-switched Dahlander stator winding. Two-speed
motors with a proportion of the poles number 3:2 and
4:3 have only one stator winding which is poleswitched
by the method of amplitude phase shift keying.
A drawback of the windings is that they have different
energy indicators at different spin rates. In order
to create rational diagrams with switching according to
the number of poles, which is multiple of three, it is
proposed to implement a polyphase MMF modulation
of the three-phase winding. As a result of the study,
there were procured the stator windings at 4 and 6
poles, which enabled to change the spin speed of the
motor in the fan drives without breaking the drive
power circuit by the scheme Δ / ΥΥ
Insects are a major component of natural biocenoses
and agrocenoses. One of the largest and most numerous
families are ground beetles (Carabidae); their
number, according to various estimates, is more than
30,000 species. For Carabidae beetles it is common to
have different ways of eating, a place of habitation,
occupied layers, seasonal and daily activity. They live
both on the surface and in the soil, more rarely on
bushes and trees. The types of the family of ground
beetles – active beetles with long, thin antennae of
uniform thickness, long elytra and long legs, adapted
to running. Their sizes vary from a few millimeters to
10 cm. As active predators, ground beetles play a huge
practical importance, destroying pests before reaching
the last threshold, thereby providing a natural regulation.
Based on the fact, that the number of beetles is
large, and their sizes are sometimes only a few millimeters,
there is a problem of determining the species
of these insects (or their identification), therefore it
took a special tool, which, on the one hand, facilitate
obtaining data about these insects, and on the other
hand, would increase their accuracy. This article proposes
a new (to this subject area) approach to identify
different species of ground beetles along their outer
contour with the use of software tools for automated
system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) – the universal
cognitive analytical system called "Eidos,"
which is well-proven in the study of other objects. The
reason why it was decided to use this system is that
normal (standard) identification of ground beetles,
have certain disadvantages: the human factor (manifest
error in the determination); quite time consuming; the
inability to increase the number of criteria to improve
the reliability of the model comparison. This article
aims to overcome these drawbacks, by the use of universal
cognitive analytical system "Eidos", the automated
system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis). A numerical example is given
The article presents the fact that the composition of fur
models has significant importance for the customers,
surpassing even the importance of quality and comfort
clothing for the consumers. It systematizes features of
the compositional solutions of fur garments,
determining the integrity of the image and the artistic
unity of structure components. It describes methods of
combining different types of fur and various textile
materials in one product, as well as types of decorative
finishes. It shows the influence of different height of
hair, color and texture of fur on visual and tactile
perception of spatial forms and appearance of fur. The
subordination of the constituent parts of form, rhythm
of expressive elements and the presence of asymmetry
details give a dynamic composition solution of fur
garments. To improve the aesthetic properties and
enhance consumer value, a composition of fur garment
should be holistic, proportionate, harmonious in color
and texture of the fur, of decorative trim, with the
rhythmic arrangement of parts. The composition of the
external forms of fur clothing takes into account visual
and tactile features of fur, a variety of design cut,
ensures the artistic expression of clothing
Creation of hydraulic fracturing in the physical structure
of the reservoir rock is one important way to improve the
productivity of oil and gas wells. These artificial
channels increase ability of the reservoir rock for
conducting hydrocarbons to the wellbore. In this study a
new approach has been proposed for optimization of
fracture half length in hydraulic fracturing operation.
Also, this new method that is a combination of various
fracturing geometry models has been proposed for
modeling the hydraulic fracturing geometry. We have
shown that there is a reasonable agreement between the
result of pseudo 3D fracture geometry model and the
predicted results from the proposed approach
Nowadays there is a deficit of irreplaceable and
physiologically necessary nutrients in everyday ration
to a large extent connected with unfavorable
environmental conditions and the increase of
morbidity of humans of all ages cause the cute
necessity in the creation of functional food that is
products with additional functions which are healthy
nutritive and physiological characteristics. One of the
main demands under their creation is in the positive
influence of introduced products on the food value of
products because they must be enriched with
ingredients which have antioxidant properties.
Therefore, nowadays the introduction of functional
meat-plant products will promote the effective
improvement in the direction of prophylaxis of
different diseases. In Russia, the concept of healthy
nutrition became a part of state politics. The aim of
this politics is the conservation and consolidation of
population’s health and the prophylaxis of diseases. In
this work, there was considered the technology of the
production of meat-plant tinned food of functional
purpose enriched with nutrients and intended for
preventive human nutrition, for those who are in the
conditions of harmful influence of environment and
professional activity. There were described the
advantages of the given developing, there were
recommended the introduced into the product
components of functional purpose