The article gives results of research of the process of
abrasive wear of samples made of Steel 45, U10 and
with applied composite surface layer "nickelmulticomponent
material with shape memory effect
(SME) based on TiNi". For the tests we have chosen
TiNiZr, which is in the martensite state and
TiNiHfCu, which is in the austenitic state at the test
temperature. The formation of the surface layer was
carried out by high-speed gas-flame deposition in a
protective atmosphere of argon. In the wear test,
Al2O3 corundum powder was used as an abrasive. It is
shown that the wear rate of samples with a composite
surface layer of multicomponent materials with an
SME is significantly reduced in comparison with the
base, which is explained by reversible phase
transformations of the surface layer with an SME.
After carrying out the additional surface plastic
deformation operation (SPD), the resistance of the
laminated composition to abrasion wear is greatly
enhanced, due to the reinforcing effect of the SPD. It
is recommended for products working in conditions of
abrasive wear and high temperatures to use the
complex technology of formation of the surface
composition "steel-nickel-material with high-temperature EPF", including preparation of the surface
of the substrate and the deposited material, VGN in
the protective atmosphere of argon, followed by SPD
The article presents data on the development of
recipes and technologies for the production of
functional drinks based on cabbage juice. Theoretical
and experimental justification of the selection of
ingredients of plant origin for the modeling of drinks
with a high content of pectin substances is offered in
the article. The use of carrots, beets and cranberries is
considered as an additional raw material for the
purpose of expanding the range and improving the
organoleptic properties of beverages. The fractional
composition of pectin substances used in the raw
materials was studied. The expediency of introducing
concentrates of pectin substances into beverage
recipes, which define the functional properties of
beverages and their optimal content in the recipes
was determined. The characteristics of basic
parameters of new drinks based on cabbage juice are
given. The results of the study of the complex
forming property of the developed beverages, which
confirmed their functional orientation, are presented.
Experimental studies have shown that the addition of
pectin increases the complex forming property of
juices. Complex forming ability of cabbage juice
with beet pectin in comparison with the control
sample and other samples is the highest. Taking into
account additional complex of biologically active
compounds based on cabbage juice, this product can
be used as therapeutic, prophylactic and
chemoprotective
In the current economic situation, the
developing of cattle breeding is taking on
special significance. It is well known that the
effective way to develop cattle breeding is to
increase the total number of efficient livestock.
The numerous researches show that the high
concentrated fodder premix diet gives the
highest effect in increasing animal indicators [1,
2, 3]. Traditionally, the premix is a powder
mass, which should be added into the mixture
of grain components. Exact following the recipe
of prepared fodder allows the maximum usage
of forage potential of the concentrate
components [4, 5, 6, 7]. In view of the
foregoing, food enrichers have special actuality
in making high concentrated fodder [8, 9, 10].
The usage of differential Fokker – Planck
equation systems allows determining the laws
of the mixing process of various granulated
products. As a result, it becomes possible to
optimize the technological process of the mixerenrichers
of concentrated feed so that the
resulting mixture of feed would have high
quality and technological characteristics. At the
same time the duration of sewer-enricher’s
work and, as a consequence, the energy
intensity of the technological process would
accept the minimum possible values [11-16].
The given theoretical approach is based on the
consideration of the motion of an individual
particle contained in a loose grain mass (phase).
Concerning this, it is necessary to accept a
number of assumptions about making effort to
the feed particles, and the velocity vectors of its
initial motion should be taken into account.
Taking into account the complexity of the
mathematically derived differential equation, its
literal analytical solution seems very difficult.
Therefore, the first step of the solution is aimed at the obtaining the non-stationary diffusion
equation of Fokker - Planck and the boundary
conditions for isolating the only one solution.
The second step of the solution is implemented
by the tabulation at the grid-based points, that
is, considering the differential equation not at a
random point of the area, but only at the grid
nodes. Moreover, it is necessary to apply the
approximation of the derivatives at each node.
The solution of the equation system allows
determining the module of the minimum,
average, and maximum values of the phase
particle motion in different parts of the mixing
chamber, respectively. In connection with this,
the aim of the study is to substantiate the
processes of motion of various types of
granulated products
There has been developed the design of the single disc centrifugal apparatus with the feed of the granular material along the blades. The scattering disc consists of blades, on the top shelf there is a flat disc with air intake windows (deflector). The purpose of the deflector is to eliminate the reflection of particles at the moment of contact with the blade and create a passing air flow to increase the range of flight of the particles. The analysis of the constructive scheme of the scattering disk showed that the amount of air coming inside the scattering disk is affected by the width of the window and the tilt angle of the deflector body. There was determined the dependence of the window width from the angle of the deflector body and height. Based on the analysis of the design there have been determined the limits of setting the window width and the tilt angle of the deflector body. The angle of the deflector body changes in the rate of 90 to 320 . Increasing the tilt angle of the deflector body leads to a proportional reduction of the window width. There have been set the intervals of variation of factors. There have been chosen the symmetrical composite plan of the second order and have been made a matrix of the experimental design. As a function of the response factor there have been taken a relative accuracy coefficient. The implementation of the experiment allowed us to determine the value of the regression coefficients. The adequacy of the regression equation to the equation obtained was performed by the Fisher test. It was determined that the equation adequately describes the technological process. For the analysis of this equation it was turned to the canonical form by moving the origin to a new point and turning at a certain angle of 14,950. The analysis of the canonical equations allowed the authors to determine the optimal values of the studied factors. The window width of the deflector is 22 - 25 mm, the angle of the body of the deflector is 8 - 120
We have presented a table of analogues of mechanical and
electrical quantities of a thermal power plant, which shows
the relation between the useful power of the engine and
mechanical efficiency, as well as the relationship between
engine parameters and regime of its operation; we have
also developed an electro-mechanical analogy, which
helped to get the expressions linking the useful engine
power with shaft speed, engine performance, coefficient of
mechanical resistance and mechanical efficiency with
speed, coefficient of drag and engine performance. Similar
expressions were obtained for the relations of these
variables with other sets of parameters. The article also
shows corresponding graphs. The expressions for the
maximum net power and corresponding speed of rotation
was found. Thus, the efficiency isЅ. It is shown that in
larger (compared with the extreme) speed, the mode is less
efficient than with the smaller, for the same useful power.
A method is presented to measure the important
characteristics of the finished engine – motor operation and
its rotational drag coefficient used in the resulting
expressions
The power plant being investigated is Novocherkassk
State District Power Plant located in the settlement of
Donskoy, Rostov region. The power object is included
in the list of objects of the fuel and energy complex
subject to categorization and is defined as critically
important. The analyzed site is the "subsidiary farm",
which includes a chemical reagent warehouse and a
site for chemical water purification, where hazardous
substances are treated: sulfuric acid and technical
sodium hydroxide. The analysis of the main causes of
accidents at thermal power stations occurred during
processing, storage and transportation of hazardous
substances, and typical scenarios of possible accidents
at the chemical water treatment plant of thermal power
plants were considered
The article presents the criteria for the effectiveness of
the scientific and pedagogical workers of higher skill
levels for the preparation of scientific and pedagogical
staff. It is known that the preparation of the teaching
staff (PhDs) - one of the most important activities of
higher education institutions; Moreover, when the state
accreditation of higher education institutions
compulsorily taken into account indicators that reflect
the impact of training candidates. Also, of course, that the training of the teaching staff (PhDs) - activities that
require both high levels of research and pedagogical
competence. This means that the results of scientific and
teaching staff higher qualification levels for the
preparation of the scientific staff - both indicators of
research and pedagogical competence; own training of
researchers - an area of "crossing" of scientific and
pedagogical activity. Unfortunately, the increase in the
number of scientific personnel being prepared does not
always mean quality growth. Often trained scientific
personnel (PhD) not only do not approach the level of
competence of its research (the results of research) to
the supervisor, and stopped to engage in scientific
activities after defending his doctoral dissertation (or
engaged at a low level). Therefore, the article authors
consider it expedient to propose indicators that reflect
not only the amount and timeliness of the research
training (PhD thesis defense sometimes occur many
years after graduate school), but also the productivity of
this activity. From the point of view of the authors, the
success of research training only can be considered
productive when prepared by the scientific supervisor
candidates of sciences are highly qualified scientific
personnel, ie conduct high-level research, the results of
which are recognized by the scientific community; the
same is true of the scientific advice (highly qualified
scientific workers - doctors). The practical significance
of the study results - in the possibility of objective
monitoring of research activity of scientific-pedagogical
personnel of higher qualification. Methodological bases
of research: a systematic, competence, sociological, and
metasystem qualimetric approaches. Methods:
modeling, methods of quality control, methods of set
theory, relations and graphs. Normative base of
research: the Federal Law "On Education" (2012), the
federal state educational standards of higher education
(2014, 2015). The work was performed as part of
research projects "Monitoring of the research activities
of educational institutions in the information society"
(№ 16-03-00382) and "Modern information and
educational environment" (16-36-00048) with the
financial support of the Russian Humanitarian
Foundation from 17.03. 2016.
The article presents the new criteria suitable for the
diagnosis of the productivity of research and the
importance of its results for the scientific community, are resistant to artificially "improve". It is known that
generally accepted measure of the productivity of
research scientists is the h-index, which is calculated
based on a statistical method of scree. This indicator is
applicable to research teams (organizations). However,
the h-index and a number of other scientometric
indicators based on citation, are easy to be artificially
increased (fraudulent schemes action). New
scientometric parameters adequately reflecting the
importance of research results, and not amenable (or
very difficult to) to be artificially "improved" are
therefore needed; moreover, it is recognized around
the world: the true score (not fictitious) of the
significance of the results of a research scientist for the
scientific community - is a complex metrological
(scientometric) task. The authors argued that such
indicators are primarily index latitude demand for
research results, as well as a number of other
parameters of copyright. Despite the fact that authors
indicators, the same as the h-index are based on
citation, their large values indicate that the scientific
community recognizes the results of the research
activities of scientific and pedagogical workers;
moreover, these indicators can be considered as a
criterion to identify really promising (productive)
researchers. The problem of adequate assessment of
the productivity of research activities and the
significance of its results, the authors consider in the
context of the problems (larger problems) of the
effectiveness of educational environments. The
practical significance of research results lies in the
possibility of their use for constructing criteriondiagnostic
apparatus for monitoring research activities
of scientific institutions (including higher educational
institutions). Research methodology: systemic, metasystemic,
probabilistic-statistical and qualitative
approaches. Research methods: cognitive, structural,
functional, and mathematical modeling; methods of
graph theory, sets and relations; system-cognitive
analysis; methods of quality control (theory of latent
variables); methods of probability theory and
mathematical statistics (first of all – a method of
scree), methods of analytical geometry; methods of the
mathematical theory of limits
Due to the recommendation of the World Health
Organization, the standard rate of vegetables
consumption for a person per year is 130-150 kg,
including up to 15 kg of fresh production during the
off-season. To meet these standards in Russia, the
construction of greenhouses and greenhouse
complexes was sped up. To cultivate the bulk of
vegetables in the conditions of protected soil we have
mostly used winter greenhouses. At the same time, in
terms of the climatic conditions, the main production
costs are accounted for energy carriers (up to 60 –
70%). The main consumers of energy in greenhouses
are plants’ lighting and creation of the required
temperature conditions for plants and soil. Annual
increase of rates for energy carriers affects the cost of
the greenhouses’ production. To increase the energy
efficiency and independence in greenhouse complexes,
it is proposed to use installations based on gas
reciprocating units (GRU) for the production of two
types of energy – electric and thermal. Such
installations can run on the natural gas and other types
of fuel. The drawback of existing installations is that
they are mainly produced abroad or consist of the
foreign components. As an alternative, we offer new
technical solutions, which were developed and
patented in the Russian Federation. What makes these
solutions original is that asynchronous generators in
the installations are used with various control schemes
SCADA is modern information technologies. The
monitoring and control of various technological
processes in industry and in agriculture are possible
thanks to these technologies. The training complex is
created to study features of SCADA systems. The
domestic SCADA Trace Mode The domestic SCADA
Trace Mode is used in this complex. Students study the
abilities of this system on the example of the heating
process. Trace Mode controls humidity and regulates
temperature in a closed space. Its advantage consists
in creation of automatical workstation. There are a
device for accurate temperature measurement; Video,
which repeats the work of the heater on the screen of
the workstation. There is also a trend with graphs of
humidity, of temperature; there is an alarm report with
information on the magnitude and timing of the
process failure. Among them, there is a device for
accurate temperature measurement; video, which
repeats the work of the heater. There is the picture with
graphs of humidity, of temperature and of the target on
a temperature also, there is a report of the alarms about
information on the magnitude and timing of the failure
the process. A distinctive feature of the developed this
complex is to provide students opportunities for
acquiring skills of design and operation training of the
automated control system of technological process of
heating with the holding of tests in real time. After
studying one SCADA system, students are easily
transferred to work in another system, for example,
Master SCADA, domestic producer InSAT