The researchers of the institute are studying adaptive power of 17 varieties and 6 lines of winter wheat sown after peas using various methods of assessment of their adaptive properties. During the years of study (2012-2014) we found out that environmental conditions which account for 78% have the greatest effect on the trait ‘grain productivity’ in the formation of the yield. The share of genes accounts for 9,7%, the specific correlation ‘geno type x environment’ accounts for 10% which allow calculating adaptive properties. It has been defined that productivity of winter soft wheat changed a lot due to growing conditions and characteristics of varieties. The productivity ranged from 38,7 c/ha (‘Garant’ in 2014) to 76,5 c/ha 9’Lilit’ in 2013). The study found out that the varieties ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Asket’ and ‘Lilit’ possess the highest response to cultivation with bi=1,15; bi=1,18 and bi=1,25 respectively. The varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’, the lines ‘430/07’, ‘260/09’ and 771/09’ possess a high adaptive ability and productivity with 111%, 105%, 108%, 105% and 106% respectively. The study of adaptive properties of winter soft wheat varieties gives an opportunity to distinguish adaptive, stress tolerant varieties with plasticity according to the primary structural elements which form productivity. The varieties ‘Asket’ and ‘Lidiya’ are characterized with high response to cultivation in different environmental conditions. The varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Kapitan’ belong to adaptive cultivars. The varieties ‘Kapitan’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and the line ‘234/07’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘grain productivity’; the varieties ‘Kapitan’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Lilit’ and the line ‘771/09’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘number of seeds per a ear’; the varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and the line ‘771/09’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘weight of seeds per a ear’
The analysis of frequency and distribution of chiasma of interspecific tomato F1 hybrids at meiosis prophase I was given. The character of synapsis in anther mother cells of interspecific tomato F1 hybrids was determined; the number of distal and interstitial chiasmata was calculated. The samples, recommended for their inclusion into the selection process as the inducer of genetic variability were chosen
There was studied the influence of factors of the medium on rice plants and hybrids of the first generation in the vegetation experience on the conditions of the artificial climate camera (ACC) and on the vegetation plot (control). There was determined the individual reaction of varieties on the conditions in ACC. There were revealed the modified changes at rice plants by a range
of features. There was made a conclusion on necessity of preliminary study of varieties in ACC before their introduction into hybridization
The review of the established high dependence of the soil micromycelium development on humidity and a temperature mode, the intensification of winter wheat cultivation technologies promoting the increase of both total mycoflora and the increase of anti-phytopathogenic capacity of a leached black soil is given
The purpose of the study was to examine a century of
experience of growing of forest cultures of the
Siberian stone pine in forest conditions in the region of
the Middle Volga. To achieve these objectives, we
have investigated old growth culture of Siberian stone
pine in the conditions of fresh oak forests in the
territory of Rootka forestry of the Mari El Republic.
Culture of Siberian stone pine was planted after
continuous tillage. The distance between rows was 2,5
m, step landing – 1,0 m. The site was divided into five
options, depending on variations in the width of
planting strip (I-48 m, II-44 m, in III-40 m, IV - 36 m,
V - 32 m). The studies have shown that the Siberian
stone pine trees, regardless of the variant, are
characterized by good clean ability from twigs, which increases with decreasing of the width of the curtain. It
can be noted that in the 100-year-old age, the average
height of trees reaches of 28,7 m, an average diameter
of 49,8 cm. Stock of forest reaches 795,3 m3
/ha. Best
annual increase is observed in growing cultures of
cedar in the wings with a width of 40 m and is 7,95-of
7,93 m3
/ha. Based оn the research, we have concluded
that Siberian stone pine should be recommended for
introduction into the zone of coniferous-broadleaved
forests of the Middle Volga region. When creating
crops, it is necessary to use larger seedlings and plant
density is not more than 1,0 thousand pieces/ha, and
the width of the planting strip shall be not less than
40,0 m.
One of the most destabilizing factors of crop production is weed infestation of crops. Despite annual herbicide treatment, weed infestation of crops of winter wheat remains high, with a predominance of annual dicotyledonous weed with a higher proportion of drug resistant on the basis of 2,4-D. We also notice increased range and density of perennial dicotyledonous weeds. New combinational herbicide called Cayenne, manufactured by LLC "Agro Expert group", which in its composition contains two active substances: thifensulfuron-methyl (500 g/l) and florasulam (170 g/l), highly inhibits both annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds. According to the working program of the registrant's company we have tested Cayenne on crops of winter wheat in spring in the tillering phase and the formation of the second internode. It is shown that its use in doses of 0.025 and 0.035 kg/ha in mixture with 200 ml/ha of surfactant-Bit 90, W provides effective suppression of annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds (90 – 100 %). The negative effect on the culture was not observed. At the same time, within 2-3 days after herbicide application we observed cessation of growth, chlorosis, dieback of growing points of weeds. Complete death was observed after 15 – 20 days
The article presents information about the effect of enzymatic agent Ronozym WX on the efficiency, metabolic processes in the body of pigs and on hematological rate in compound feeds with triticale grain
The article presents the analysis of the influence of meat output and the percentage of lean meat aimed at breeding of pigs for meat qualities on the amount of muscle tissue in the carcasses of slaughtered gilts. Selection models, which allow to determine the average daily growth and the cost of feed for education of lean meat are given
The article presents the results of the study of selection,
technological and economic aspects of breeding
Galloway cattle breed in the Smolensk region. As it
was shown by the results of the studies, it begins to
form breeding base of this breed in the region. This
year, the regional tribal enterprise delivered two bulls
initiated the accumulation of hereditary material. We
have found that the greatest intensity of the development
has the descendants of the bull named John. The
dairy cows in the herd vary depending on the age of
the animals and is 179-223kg. Allelofond of the animals
are 17 alleles of EAB-locus of blood groups
characteristic of cattle specialized meat breeds. The
economic efficiency of breeding animals of the Galloway
breed in the region was 1291500 rubles. The article
recommends use of the Galloway cattle breed for
further breeding in the Smolensk region and introduction
of resource-saving technologies of beef production
The created hybrids with new lines and testers
were studied in 2014-2015, in the conditions of
the central zone of the Krasnodar region and the
Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh and
Belgorod regions). As a parent forms for
selection of early ripening and Medium early
corn hybrids there were used lines of various
groups of ripeness of the ident heterosis group:
Kr 714 Kr 740 Kr 757 Kr 651 Kr and 602. All of
these lines had high combining ability, and the
line 602 Cr was used as a donor for a quick return
of moisture from the grain when ripening. With
the participation of the lines from the collection
of the Institute and the donor line, we have
created four hybrid combinations on the basis of
which, the selection was received by the five-year
selection of new source material for breeding new
hybrids of corn. The assessment of comutiny
capacity of new lines was performed using a linetesters
of the genetic institute collections of
721MV Cr, Cr 801MV, Kr 654 Kr 244MV, Cr
602MV, Kr and Kr 802MV 752. Lines testers
were represented by a heterosis group of
Lancaster, Stiff Stalk Synthetic and wide lines
with a genetic basis. According to the guidelines
of the State strain testing of crops, and as a result
of the field experiment, we have calculated the
energy savings for new early maturing corn
hybrids in comparison with the standard ones.
Saving energy for equivalent fuel from new
hybrids of corn comparing to the standard for 1
ha of crop was due to their grain productivity and
varied depending on the conditions of the
Voronezh region from 81.4 to 101.5 kg, in the
Krasnodar region it was 79,0-97,9 kg