The article considers the dependencies of the constructive
parameters of the field board in the form of a
cylindrical drum on the physical and mechanical
properties of the soil. Expressions have been obtained
for calculating the radius of the cylinder, as well as
the size of the arm for installing the cylinder relative
to the sock of the field board. The limits of the use of
field boards data on the hulls of plows
The article considers a variant of parametric representation of a complex product of single use in the process of its creation during tests, when structural failures of the product or its components in one or more parameters specified in the technical specification require modifications leading to a change in the general amount and repeating of the tests, but it is possible to reduce the volume of tests by taking into account a priori information. This is especially up-to-date while ensuring the reliability of complex single – use products, the components of which are first stages of ground tests, and only then as part of complex products-the stages of flight tests. Structural failure of any component of such a product at the stage of ground tests does not lead to such consequences as if it occurred during flight tests as part of the product. Meanwhile, the refinement of the component element of a single-use product, the structural failure of which occurred at the stage of flight tests as part of the product, and the assessment of its effectiveness, can be carried out at the stage of ground tests, in the case of consideration of a complex product in parametric form. This can significantly reduce the cost of flight testing of a complex product, in the case of effective completion of the component element of the product at the stage of ground tests, without a significant (temporary) decrease in the overall reliability of a complex single-use product
The objective of the research was to study the patterns of deformation with the different internal structure in a tire envelope with the standard size of 30.5-32 in propulsion units for modern mobile farm vehicles. The research method is experimental with the use of «a tire tester» and specially developed devices for determining the deformations of the tire envelope concerning the rim in circular and radial directions. Output indicators of a wheel with the pneumatic tire are determined by the ability of the tire to be deformed so that at small hysteresis losses in the rubber-cord envelope the largest area of the contact with a substructure have been created. This circumstance has special significance when developing the tires for mobile farm vehicles with the high power saturation, the patterns of deformation of which are poorly studied now. The analysis of the carried out experimental researches has shown the expediency of application of the experimental tires with the same standard size, offered in the work, on the propulsion units of the mobile farm vehicles instead of diagonal and radial tires. The rolling resistance of the experimental tires 30.5E-32 is lower than the rolling resistance of serially produced tires, and the developed area of contact is higher and that provides the decrease in the condensing impact on the soil
Pressure mode compressed-air installation use that allows transfer of biological poultry wastes was based on the investigation of agricultural cargo hauling equipment. The installation includes a compressor with a receiver, a conduit, a cork forming section, a valve and a reservoir. As a result of using the installation the energy intensity and consumption of the process are reduced during the transportation of the material, labor costs are reduced and the issue of environmental protection is resolved. To optimize the working process of the compressed-air installation, the volume of the blow-off boiler, the length and diameter of the pipeline were determined. It was established that the most important technological parameter of the installation, which is productivity, depends on its design parameters and physical and mechanical properties of the initial material. The determining influence on the performance is the air pressure and the speed of product movement. The required air pressure is regulated by the compressor, and the speed of transportation is due to the design parameters of the installation and the physical and mechanical properties of the material. These aspects are taken into account in this project for process optimization of the poultry biological waste transportation
The quality of feed is one of the main factors determining the development of industries necessary for the country. In this regard, extrusion technologies for processing raw materials of plant origin are of great interest. The prospect of processing plant raw materials using thermoplastic extrusion is due to two main reasons: first, the large volume and variety of products produced using this technology, and, secondly, the economic effect that gives the production of extrusion products by expanding the consumer properties of the feed produced. Extrusion equipment not only expands the range of feed, but also increases the employment of the rural population during the off-season. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess the prospects for the introduction of protein feed production by extruders from sunflower seeds in small agricultural enterprises. The study used an analytical review and analysis of published and patent information on technical means – extruders used for the production of protein feed from oilseeds, such as sunflower. The analysis of literature sources on the work of the existing forage preparation equipment showed that serial machines are metal-consuming, energy-consuming, used with low efficiency, due to technical and technological shortcomings. The analytical review of patent sources of extruders for preparation of compound feeds for the purpose of identification of the direction of their development and elimination of shortcomings of the existing is given. Modernization of extruders for the preparation of feed in the patent information goes in different ways, depending on the goal, which will improve their productivity and quality of protein feed. Serial production of technical equipment for the preparation of protein feed allows you to compete with foreign technology. Therefore, the development and improvement of serial domestic equipment for the preparation of protein feed from sunflower seeds for functional purposes are competitive and significantly cheaper and can reduce energy costs for their extrusion, which is an urgent task
Transplanting seedling into the field is an extremely important period for all seedling crops, as the plant passes through basic vegetation stages. After carried analysis of seedling transplantation machines utilization it became obvious that they all have low technical and exploitation parameters. The purpose of the research was elaboration of theoretical bases for calculating parameters of a unit for seedling feeding to transplanting device, which implementation will lead to increase efficiency of transplanting. The article presents the results of theoretical researches for proving parameters of a unit for seedling feeding to transplanting device. A system of equations for acting at seedling forces during its transportation from collecting drum to feeding drum is arranged. We have also calculated nomograms for defining drum rotating frequency depending on seedling friction coefficient on surfaces of collecting and feeding drums. Parameters of pneumatic feeding drum were technologically proved. Its principle is equality of capacities of feeding unit and transplanting device. We have elaborated a nomogram for defining feeding drum rotating frequency depending on plant spacing and velocity of transplanting machine
As a result of scientific analysis of the effective plant protection by spraying them with protective-stimulating liquids, the most progressive pneumohydraulic processing method was chosen, enabling the use of a wide mode range. The proposed pneumatic sprayer design can be used to equip sprayers, pollinators and combined units to perform basic operations with the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Using liquid crushing through exposure to working fluid flowing from the feeding tubes of sprayers (jets) with a high-speed air jet, it was possible to carry out the spraying process in a low-volume and ultra-small-volume way in a highly dispersive airborne jets. To study the air-borne jet parameters, providing the working fluid spraying quality as a polydisperse system, we have used a probabilistic-statistical analysis method. It studies variation range of signs according to the classes. Theoretically, the air-borne jet forming process by a pneumatic slit sprayer was considered. Using the three-factor central composite rotatable uniform plan (CURUP), the influence of three factors (surge tank position in cm, air pressure MPa and the feeding tube inclination angle in degrees) on the sprayer performance and the surface response on the working fluid median-mass diameter was determined. It was found that the response surfaces have a form of a paraboloid, the extremum of which is observed at an air pressure of 0.15 MPa (the center of the plan) and the tube installation angle in the spray housing equal to 60 degrees with the middle surge tank position. The maximum coating density of the treated object was 95 pieces / cm2 at the same position of the surge tank and air pressure in the pneumatic line of 0.3 MPa. It was proved that ultra-low volume spraying can be carried out in wide ranges of initial data while observing spraying quality requirements according to the drop median-mass diameter, the average coating density and their distribution uniformity
Planetary mechanisms are used to create the working movement of the Executive bodies of metallurgical and mining machines. Roller working bodies, for the drive of which planetary mechanisms are used, are increasingly being used in the designs of harvesting machines. The processes occurring in the differential threshing devices of harvesting machines are poorly understood, due to the lack of information about the properties of the material in the event of rapidly changing stresses in them. This work is the result of the analysis of previous theoretical as well as experimental studies in the field of threshing. We describe the technological scheme of the shock-vibration threshing device and the principle of its operation. The possible variants of arrangement of drum rolls and drumming are considered. The relationship between the angular velocities of the drum, the drum rolls and the sub-drum is elucidated. Installation of three-sided rollers on the threshing device according to the scheme proposed by us allows additional shaking of the whole threshed rice mass from 75 to 110 times per second
The modern level of cultivation of agricultural animals requires new approaches to the processing and disposal of manure. To do this, it is necessary to develop effective ways of converting waste into organic fertilizers, which, in the form of liquid effluents, make it possible to enhance and preserve the soil fertility of agricultural landscapes. This is especially necessary to be carried out on black soils, where irrigation of crops with prepared and diluted drains has a positive effect on the harvest. Therefore, the creation of manure processing systems by technological sequentially related operations is an urgent problem. Cattle manure is considered as a poly-dispersed system with sedimentation and physical and chemical properties. In this case, the system requires the sequential solution of a number of complex tasks: removal of various inclusions from manure, especially colloidal and fibrous particles; prevention of premature separation of manure during homogenization; preparation of manure for separation into liquid and solid fractions is a basic technological scheme that is universal and applicable to all types of livestock-raising complexes. A feature of the integrated cattle manure disposal line is a lagoon for year-round storage of a certain amount of manure drains prepared for irrigation during the growing season. For the creation of the lagoon, a film coating is used - it works as an anti-filtration screen
The purpose of the study was to substantiate the rigid parameters of tyres in propulsion units for the combine harvesters of high performance. A research method is analytical with the use of a mathematical model of the combine harvester in which damping and rigidity of the drive axle tyres in circumferential and radial directions are taken into account. Values of the rational rigid characteristics of the pneumatic tyre have been generally determined by the ability of the tyre to be deformed so that to reduce the angular, vertical and horizontal skeleton oscillations of a combine harvester to ensure the high-quality technological process of the threshing and harvesting. The specified circumstance gains the special importance at the development and introduction of the new tyre modes for the combine harvesters of high performance. The analysis of the conducted analytical researches has been showed the expediency of using the threads of a cord in the propulsion unit of combine harvesters instead of diagonal or radial tyres of the same standard size with an original position of them. The offered pneumatic tyre of 30.5E-32 used as the leading one, and promotes the reduction of the angular oscillation amplitude and operating speed of a combine and also angular and vertical accelerations up to 1.42 times