In modern conditions of personification of history it
becomes especially important to study works of
famous figures of the Black Sea clergy. Roman
Porokhnya was one of such priests. His personality
never became an object of special research that was
connected with scarcity of sources. In this article an
attempt to observe his life and activity as the first army
archpriest of the Black Sea Cossacks on the Kuban
earth was made for the first time, the archival
documents which hadn’t been studied before were
introduced into scientific circulation. A lot of place in
article is allocated for reconstruction of the historical
past of the Black Sea Cossacks of the end of XVIII –
beginning of the XIX centuries. In this work, on the
basis of the analysis of the works of R. Porokhnya we
have shown a special place of a role of the priest in the
life of the Black Sea Cossacks. In the article his
educational activity, his works connected with the
beginning of church construction in uninhabited
Kuban lands were considered in detail. A lot of place
here was taken by the history of church relics of the
Black Sea Cossacks, the important role of Roman
Porochnya in their preservation is shown. Also the
problem connected with formation of local clergy
doesn't remain unaddressed. In the article the main
difficulties of it are shown, local specifics were
discussed. Against the background of the description
of the socio-economic and political development of the
Kuban we presented a historical portrait of R.
Porokhnya and we showed the role of a well-known
personality in the history of the Kuban
In modern conditions of political instability the appeal to
historical experience is especially important.
Consideration of activity of orthodox clergy at the
beginning of the twentieth century, on the one hand,
allows estimating its role at lives of the Russian society,
with another to track interrelation between spiritual
crises and strengthening of revolutionary moods in
Russia. In this work the complex analysis of relationship
of the Kuban society and clergy at the beginning of the
twentieth century for the first time is given, special
attention is paid to the factors that played an important
role in the growth of anti-clerical sentiment. In the
article the contribution of priests to culture of Kuban is
considered as well. It occupies a special place coverage
outreach and philanthropy. In the research, the attention
is focused on diverse structure of the Kuban clergy that
found reflection in their miscellaneous social and in the
material status. All of this has contributed to the
presence of three movements in the ranks of the
priesthood of the Kuban. Shortly before revolution the
part of the Kuban church clergy supported cardinal
changes in life of Church, others were supporters of
moderate reforms, the third were opponents of all
changes. Based on the analysis of archival documents in
an article released in the specifics of the position of the
Orthodox clergy Kuban from other regions of Russia. In
this article it is convincingly proved that the authority of
Russian Orthodox Church was much higher here that
found reflection levels of moral development of society.
Unlike the central provinces spiritual crisis was much
weaker here; less all Cossacks were subject to its
influence. All this promoted preservation of monarchic
moods and among the most part of residents of Kuban.
Therefore, the news of the overthrow of the monarchy,
the establishment of Soviet power there was perceived
negatively by the majority of inhabitants
Study of centrifugal tendencies in the Baltic republics
in the years of perestroika, especially on the
background of today's events in the Ukraine (the
Crimea entry into Russia, the civil war in the Donbass,
the aggravation of relations between Russia and the
Western powers), is very important. An important
direction in social and political life of the Baltic
republics was the legislative activity of the Supreme
Council, which made laws and regulations aimed at
the isolation and subsequent exit of republics from the
Soviet Union. Nowadays the problem of the role of the
Supreme Council of the Baltic States in the process of
sovereignty and independence was not seriously
developed. That’s why consideration of the main legal
acts as a historical source is an important area of
research in the field of legislation the Supreme
Council of the Baltic states in the perestroika years,
from 1988 to 1991. The aim of the work is to study the
process of sovereignty of the Baltic States through the
activities of the republican Supreme Soviets in the
above period. The object of work is to study legal acts
of the Supreme Soviets of the Baltic republics. This
article will address the following regulations: the
Declaration of Sovereignty, language laws,
citizenship, national symbols, as well as regulations,
declared a withdrawal from the Soviet Union (as in
Lithuania) or the beginning of transitional period (as in
Latvia and Estonia). It should be noted that in Latvia
and Estonia citizenship laws in the years 1988-1991
were only developed. Finally these laws were passed
after the official recognition of these republics, so they
are not included in the focus of our attention. The
subject of the work is legislative activity of the
Supreme Soviets of the Baltic republics in the years of
perestroika
The topic is «The role of national intelligence in the incorporation of the North Caucasus in the Russian geopolitical space at the end of XIX century – the 1920s (by materials of Adyghe people)». The article is made in the framework of regional competition: «North Caucasus: tradition and modernity» 2014. – Krasnodar region. 14-11-23007 the type of project «A (P)» The topic is «The role of national intelligence in the incorporation of the North Caucasus in the Russian geopolitical space at the end of XIX century – the 1920s (by materials of Adyghe people)».Formation of the Soviet national local history through adyghe intelligentsia began in 20-ies. The active participation of the twentieth century intellectuals in the regional movement was caused and anxiety for the fate of cultural heritage and culture in general, and the changes in the conditions of work and life. Everywhere there were different forms of organization and scale of local history, which set themselves common objectives: a comprehensive study native land, to disseminate knowledge about the homeland of the people. The study region was closely connected with the identification, collection, accounting, protection and use of a variety of historical and cultural monuments. "Golden Age" of the national local lore came in the first post-revolutionary decade. During this period, the efforts of national intelligence unified both within the local history organizations and leading independent research has done a great organization, research served as the basis for further research activities. There was intense accumulation of sources, there were papers on various subjects of national history, attempts writing generalizing works, establish cooperation with the regional and central and local history research organizations
The article describes the creation and use of the national literature and national Circassia’s language, as a major factor of Sovietization of the North Caucasus in the process of integration of the region in Soviet geopolitical space in the 1920s-1930s. The article is made in the framework of regional competition: "The North Caucasus: Tradition and Modernity" in 2014 - the Krasnodar Territory. 14-11-23007 Project Type "(p)", the theme: "The Role of the national intelligentsia in the incorporation of the North Caucasus in the Russian geopolitical space of the. Nineteenth century. - 20-ies. Twentieth century. (based on the Adyghe people). " It is pointed out that the development of the national writing by Circassian intelligence became not only an important matter of national life of Adyghe people, but also a key part of the national policy of the Soviet authorities towards national minorities. It is noted, that in many respects, revolutionary events in Russia became one of the most powerful external factors that stimulated the revitalization of Circassian intelligentsia in the development and diffusion of national literature. It is shown that in the course of the policy of "language building" in the national autonomies within the first twenty years of the Soviet government the graphics based writing changed three times (Arabic, Latin, Russian) and three times they were eliminating illiteracy. The conclusion is that intellectuals deprived of the possibility to solve these issues, and a key influence on the development of national literature evolution of Circassians had views of the Bolsheviks in the language policy. In general, the issue of writing, mostly related to the problem of education in specific historical circumstances, has acquired great social and political importance, and has become an important part of the national policy of the Soviet government in matters of Sovietization of the North Caucasus
The historical experience of specialist staff training for
rural areas in our country is invaluable for the
countries in which differences between urban and rural
areas there still exist. Rural development is
unthinkable without the active work of the rural
literate. In this article, we consider this process in
Chechen-Ingush Republic in 1966-1975. There is
a rapid growth in number of knowledge workers in the
rural areas there. Chechen-Ingush State University
dominated in the process of qualified staff training for
non-agricultural occupations for the village. 7
Faculties functioned there, where, at the end of the
period, 5,000 students studied. Half of them were the
national staff. They were trained by qualified highereducation
teaching personnel. The following material
and technical conditions were available for normal
training: a hostel for 1480 people, a canteen, and a
library with a huge book collection. Every year, a large
number of teachers from a number of regions of the
Russian Federation arrived in the republic. For rural
people, admission to universities of the country was
facilitated. As a result of work done, within two fiveyear
periods universities of CHIASSR
prepared 16.9 thousand highly qualified specialists,
most of whom were directed to work in rural
areas. Scope of training of specialists with secondary
education for the village was widened. As a result of
performed work, staff scarcity for trained specialist
decreased in rural areas
The task of improving of quality of school education is
a problem pressing for education workers both before,
and now. This article attempts to examine ways of
solving it by teachers of Chechen-Ingush ASSR in the
60s-70's last century. The Republic paid great attention
to recruitment and retention of trained teaching staff at
schools. Competence of teaching staff was developed
continuously. As a result, both quantitative and
qualitative profile of teaching staff increased steadily,
qualitative profile of rural schoolmasters was
improved. Official evaluation of teachers, conducted
since 1972, contributed to improvement of the
professional level of teaching staff, and overall
operation of general education school. Care about
living conditions of rural teachers positively impacted
on school operation. Career enhancement training was
carried out on a regular basis. Technical training aids
were introduced into school practice. Schools switched
to new programs, taught children in national schools
from the age of six, which contributed to improving of
learning of native and Russian languages, and had a
positive effect on quality increase of the entire
educational work of school. As a result of a complex
of works conducted, overwhelming majority of
teachers in rural schools of the republic finished school
years without non achievers and repeaters
The article considers the place of Islamic festivities of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha in the policy of Nazi Germany among the North Caucasus highlanders. Implementing “The North Caucasian experiment” based on speculation costs in prewar policy of Soviet power in the North Caucasus, the occupation regime has identified Islamic holidays a special role in the demonstration of “good intentions” and propaganda among highlanders. The author's concept is founded on the premise that under Nazi occupation of mountain areas Muslim holidays, with a strong outward expression, became a part of not only religious but also the ethno-political, social and economic policies of the Third Reich and served as a means of “political security” for Nazi rule. Using the archival documents and materials of the Berlin newspaper “Gazavat”, the author reveals the background, course and consequences of celebration of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha in the occupied North Caucasus in October and December 1942 and the place of Islamic holidays in Anti-Communist propaganda among highlanders in the Wehrmacht units. The chronological scope of the study is conditioned by the fact that it was during 1942-1944 the arsenal of policy of the Third Reich among Muslims in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East included Muslim holidays
The given article explores the political and social processes that were occurred in the Civil War in the sphere of existence of the Russian family. The author examines the nature of family and socio-cultural relations of the Russian population in this period, especially the processes of modification and transformation of family values, the policy of the new leadership came to power in October 1917 in traditional Russian family; he also analyzes the reasons of attempts of reforms permanently taken by the authorities in this sphere of life of the Russian society. The changes taking place after the October revolution of 1917 y. in the Russian society were so profound in nature that lead the thoughts of whether to exist at the family as a social unit in its traditional form or there has come the time of complete denial of family values, the elimination of the family as a special social institution or there comes a time of the formation of new forms of sexual interaction between men and women in accordance with the changed social conditions, such forms that will make their relationship more free and relaxed in social terms. New decrees and laws enacted after October 1917 y. by the Bolshevik government contributed to the transformation of the whole system of family ties; they changed the very basis of the existence of previous family and dictated a new social reality in which there was no place for the values of the past. Everything on what the traditional family was based in Russia, in fact was revoked and there came new norms and rules of family life dictated by the views of the Bolshevik ideologists about relations between the sexes
Questions, which are considered in the article, have been connected with the role of the Great Patriotic War in the geo- graphical, administrative and territorial name changes in the Kuban region. It is pointed out that the place names are valuable research material for the most complete study of the problem of historical and cultural heritage of the Great Patriotic War. It is noted that after the Great Patriotic War the situation, where many of the new names of geographical and administrative-territorial objects went counter to the traditional main function of the place name - address and its purpose-to help orientation in space, continued. It is shown that politically sensitive "military" place names, being an important element of the Soviet propaganda and agitation, were necessary for the ideological support of the authorities, but at the same time, allows you to save memory of the Great Victory. "Military" toponymy, which has prevailed since the end of the Great Patriotic War , carried out a living link with the past present and future. New post-war name of streets, squares, parks, alleys of cities and villages of Kuban dedicated to heroes and events of the Great Patriotic War, helped to preserve a sense of patriotism and belonging to the victory over fascism. The conclusion is that the central government continued to use after the Great Patriotic War the place names as one of the new genres of advocacy and created a new concept of "military" place name, one of the essential component of which is a moral burden that was to have political overtones