The article gives a review of modern technologies of storage of grapes. The main tool for stabilizing the quality of grapes during transportation and storage is the use of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a gas that has properties that can inhibit non-enzymatic darkening, reduce the activity of enzymes, effectively control the development of Botrytis cinérea (a phytopathogen that causes gray rot) and acts as an antioxidant. Researchers pay particular attention to control the release rate of SO2, as it is important in the first stage storage to ensure supply of significant quantities of SO2 for a short period of time, which eliminates Botrytis spores that are present on the surface of berries and to stabilize the damages formed during transport and filling; the second step is to ensure a steady supply of the minimum quantity of the SO2, to ensure the control of microbiological spoilage. For a long storage time. To preserve the quality indicators of grapes during storage, it is possible to use a modified gas environment created in various ways, including through special types of packaging; forced saturation of the environment with gases such as oxygen, ozone or carbon dioxide. At the same time, to enhance the effect can additionally apply fungicides, antifungal ear Anti-mold®, etc. There are known technologies for complex processing of table grapes to combat post-harvest microbiological spoilage, which provide for the first stage of treatment with ozone or sulfur dioxide followed by spray treatment with Muscodor albus. An alternative to the use of SO2 is the use of essential oils and hypobaric treatment methods that ensure minimal environmental impact. Positive results during storage are provided by the use of medium-range ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) or short-wave radiation (UV-C), which positively affect the transcription of biosynthetic genes, providing an increase in the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of grapes, without affecting the content of dry soluble substances, the value of total titrated acidity and pH during storage. The analysis of modern technologies is of interest to practitioners and researchers who develop technologies for storing grapes
Gardening is one of the high-value and highly profitable
branches of agriculture. However, the level of fruit
production in Russia still lags far behind the needs of
the population: 20-25 kg of fruits and berries per year
are grown per capita, which is a quarter of the minimum
consumption rate. Currently, domestic gardening has a
low efficiency due to non-compliance with the criteria
of world production of fruits. The production of gardens
is not competitive enough and does not meet the
requirements of the highest quality categories of
domestic standards. To increase fruit production, it is
necessary to increase the level of intensification of fruit
growing using the most valuable varieties and
progressive technologies of cultivation. In this article,
we consider devices for soil content in orchards, as well
as for pruning trees - the main agrotechnical techniques
in the technology of growing pomegranate crops that
promote the production of stable, optimal harvests of
fruit crops. The universal device of fruits is also covered, which makes it possible to reduce labor costs
during the laying, care and harvesting of the fruit
garden. The wide development of intensive
technologies for growing fruits adapted to specific
climatic conditions and ensuring a high level of
competitiveness and profitability of production is one of
the necessary conditions for the further development of
gardening in Russia
The article considers the current state of production
of grain crops in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
The analysis of gross collection, structural shifts,
sowing area and yield of grain crops over the past
five years is being carried out. Also, the application
of mineral and organic fertilizers to crops of cereals
is being investigated, since their application is of
great importance for obtaining high and stable
harvests of grain crops. Based on the results of the
analysis, conclusions were drawn and ways of
development of grain production in the republic were
outlined
The article reflects modern condition of production of meat of cattle in Russia. We have analyzed the population dynamics of the cattle population and beef production and thee main problems that accompany the functioning of the beef cattle industry. We have given the measures of state support of the industry, to solve problems for which the Ministry of agriculture has developed a program to support the development of beef cattle. Considering prospects and possible risks of development of domestic the beef cattle industry, we have specified a need of such development of the branch; it has to be based, first of all, on implementation of large-scale projects on the basis of the competitive meat breeds of world level. On the basis of the findings we have identified the forecasts for the domestic producers, based on the current market dynamics. Solving the problem of providing the population with beef is possible at the expense of specialized meat cattle breeding. In order to improve economic efficiency of meat production of cattle we must not only find internal reserves and improve industrial relations economic relations, but the establishment of integration structures in the form of unions of agricultural enterprises, processing enterprises and marketing organizations, as well as large-scale economic and legislative support from the state
The main indicators of production of factory sugar beet in the Russian Federation and in the Krasnodar region are considered in the article. The structure of sown areas and gross harvests of sugar beet on federal districts and the main producing regions of the country are visually presented. The tendency of change of yield capacity of sugar beet for 1990-2014 is revealed on the basis of analytical alignment. The assessment of stability of level and tendency of change of yield capacity and sown areas of sugar beet is given for the Krasnodar region and in general for the Russian Federation. The influence of the factors on the size of gross harvests of root crops of sugar beet is analyzed. Agro climatic conditions of cultivation of sugar beet are studied. The features of production of sugar beet in the natural and economic zones of the Krasnodar region are revealed. The dynamics of application of the mineral and organic fertilizers under harvest of sugar beet in the agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar region is considered. The current state of the national selection and seed farming is characterized. The growing dependence on import of the seed material is revealed. The attention is focused on the main problems creating threat of further development of a sugar beet subcomplex of the region and ensuring food security of the country on sugar in the conditions of action of the international sanctions. The prospects of increase in production of sugar from domestic raw materials are noted
This article examines the significance of the statement of financial performance in the current conditions. Factor analysis of earnings is studied in detail. The basic principles and steps of constructing a report for RAS and IAS have been revealed
We observe such conceptions as «robotics», «robotics in education» and also history, real situation on the robotics market, direction of it’s growth, influence on science and technique
Potato is cultivated in 130 countries on an area of over
18 million hectares; it annually gives more than 300
million tons of tubers. The share of the Russian
Federation accounts is about 11% ... 14% of total
production. The resulting potatoes consumed in food, animal feed, technical purposes, seed fund. According
to the Ministry of agriculture of Russia, the largest
number of potatoes in our country (89 %) is produced in
peasant farms and personal farms of citizens, the area of
cultivation of which make up about 2.7 million hectares.
At such farms for the harvest, they use mainly potatodiggers,
followed by selection of crops manually. The
use of diggers in small areas of planting is more costefficiently
in relation to the harvesting combine. In
addition, the parameters requested for ATT to damage
potatoes when harvesting with the diggers (3%) are
higher than during harvesting by combine harvester
(5%). As practice shows, for the use of cleaning units,
even under optimal harvesting conditions in the hopper
of the combine, there are soil and vegetable impurities.
There are many different devices intended to localize
the problem. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude
that it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the
quality of work of excavating working bodies, because
it affects the productivity of the functioning of the
whole machine. Currently, there are widespread potato
aggregates with the receiving part, equipped with side
disks, spaced along the edges of the plowshares. The
disks cut off the raised layer of soil from between the
rows. This entails improving the performance of the
potato harvester. The most efficient and economical
from the point of view of energy consumption, is the
work of passive disks with hooks. The quality of potato
harvesters depends on the design and performance of
excavating bodies. The proposed design solution for an
excavating body increases the productivity of harvesting
machines
There were cited the indexes of changes of arable lands of the RF in the result of modern land reform. On the example of the Krasnodar region there was determined the dynamics and variability of arable lands and sowings for 1970-2012 using the linear equation of regression. There were formulated the main reasons of decreasing of agricultural lands: reorganization of agricultural organizations, formation of land redistribution stock, presence
of unclaimed and unused lands in agricultural production. There was made a conclusion on necessity of substantiation of theoretical aspects of management with land resources and development of practical activity in the sphere of land relations improvement. There was shown the experience of management with land resources in different countries. There was substantiated the development of modern system of management on the basis of systematic and situational approach. There was made a conclusion on necessity of creation of independent organizational structure of management with land resources, developments
of the concepts of land policy of the RF on 2016-2025 under the government of the RF. The state program of land reforms must include the development of land legislation; creation of planning system, use and protection of land resources; determination of order of use of arable lands by landowners and land users on the basis of land management documents; provision of special protection of arable lands; restoration of land management service of Russia. There were offered some arrangements to complete the last stage of modern land reform
The Krasnodar region is a major producer and
supplier of agricultural products. Livestock
development in the Krasnodar region has been
supported by the following factors: favorable climate,
the intensive development of crop production, the
need of the population in livestock production and
others. Recently, however, there is a decline in
livestock production, which is due to the influence of
negative factors. Industry analysis showed the
problems that hinder the development: high costs for
the purchase of feed for livestock and poultry, low
purchase price of products, pedigree cattle deficit,
lack of foreign investment, low level of
modernization of production. The development of the
livestock industry of Krasnodar region must be
associated with the use of optimal feed rations of
cows, implementation of new methods of genetics
and selection, implementation of strict accounting
and control of livestock, improvement of livestock
veterinary support. This will increase the milk
production and improve the efficiency of the
industry. The article provides the optimal parameters
of the diet of cows, calculated by the authors and
based on the use of methods of optimization and
simulation. It is based on economic and mathematical
model developed by the staff of the Department of
Economic Cybernetics of Kuban State Agrarian
University