The embryo passes a number of the stages caused by high-quality structural changes in development and following them growth periods. The periods of change of development for the periods of growth are critical and are most sensitive to influence of external factors. The developed differentiated mode provides sharp temperature increase of incubation in the critical periods of development of an embryo. High temperature at separate stages of an incubation has displaced metabolic processes of the developing embryo towards lipidic exchange, at the same time the cholesterol indicator in blood of skilled chickens has grown more than twice, and level alkaline phosphatase by 2,5 times. Synchronization of the hatching was reached due to reduction of the periods embryonic and output on about 10-12 of hours. Operating an embryogenesis in the period of incubation there is an opportunity to influence the level of productional processes of chickens during the post-embryonic period, average daily gains of live weight at cultivation of broilers increase on average by 5-7%
The purpose of this study is to determine the basic geometric parameters and the kinematic mode of operation of a roll mill intended for threshing corn cobs at the selection stage. Currently, for the threshing of the corn cobs on seeds at the selection stage, disk threshers of the type MKD-M are used in most cases. These devices practically do not injure the seeds, but it can reach 7-8%. In this case, the cob should be re-threshed, which significantly reduces productivity. One of the promising ways to increase the productivity of threshing corn cobs at the selection stage, while maintaining the minimum level of seed crushing, is the use of roller threshing devices. But there are no commercially available corn roller grinders to date. There are only prototypes. One of the most important requirements for corn threshers is the complete exclusion of seed mixing during the change of the treated cobs. Taking into account that the nomenclature of processed breeding numbers can include hundreds of titles, self-cleaning of working organs is extremely necessary to reduce manual labor costs. We have developed an experimental sample of a roller thresher with two horizontally arranged working elements, which showed a high quality of cob threshing in the course of prospecting studies. In the proposed design of the thresher, the problem of self-cleaning of working organs is absent. To determine the basic parameters of the roll mill, which ensures high quality of the cob threshing, we have conducted a full-factor experiment. The following factors were used as controlled factors: diameter of working elements (rolls) and rotation speed of their rotation. The remaining parameters of the grind were justified on the basis of our previous studies of the operation of corn threshers of various types. The criterion of optimization was the crushing of grain, and the quality of the restriction was used such an indicator as a grain of grain. The material for research was the cobs of the Krasnodar hybrid 425 MV. As a result of the studies, the following optimal parameters of the corn selection thresher were established: roll diameter - 152 mm; rotational speed of rollers - 767 min-1; the minimum clearance between rollers is 6 mm: the height of the protrusion of the working surface of the threshing roll is 10 mm
Sulphitation of semiproducts of sugar production has a
significant influence on the course of processes in the
refining of both sugar beet and cane sugar. The
insufficient degree of adsorption of sulfurous
anhydride has a negative impact on the environment as
well as on the technical staff, if it gets into production
premises, caused not so much by contingencies, but by
shortcomings in the equipment used. In the article, we
describe the main types of constructions of sulphitation
devices used in the sugar industry, their drafts are
shown, their advantages and disadvantages are
considered
The article analyzes the patented in different countries
methods of using of the ionizing radiation in processes
of storing and processing of plant materials.
Description of nature of the radioactive treatment and
the ionizing radiation is given; examples of possible
sources of the ionizing radiation are listed. Advantages
and disadvantages of the radioactive treatment are
shown. The patent search in databases of the WIPO
was carried out. Patents, registered in countries like
Korea, China, Japan, etc., were analyzed. Methods,
realization of which allows sterilizing of material and
increasing its storing period, and also improving its
processing, were systematized. The carried out survey
of the patent documentation revealed, that at the
present time there is quite a number of methods of
using of the ionizing radiation in storing and processing
of plant materials, which can be explained by the fact,
that irradiation allows to solve quite effectively a
number of important tasks, such as sterilizing the
material and modifying chemical substances in its
content. In the article it is also shown, that,
nevertheless, issues of safety and quality of irradiated
products have not yet been fully resolved. In the end,
the conclusion was made about the relevance of further research in this field
The article presents the results of optimization of the
angle of inclination and pitch of the cutting segment,
the frequency of rotation of the screw when cutting
stems of crops of different biometric characteristics of
the proposed screw cutting device
The article considers the dependencies of the constructive
parameters of the field board in the form of a
cylindrical drum on the physical and mechanical
properties of the soil. Expressions have been obtained
for calculating the radius of the cylinder, as well as
the size of the arm for installing the cylinder relative
to the sock of the field board. The limits of the use of
field boards data on the hulls of plows
The article reveals the main empirical factors that
increase the efficiency of technological systems of
grain harvesting. The work shows interrelation and
subordination of empirical factors in the practice of
operational reliability of grain harvesters, which
underlies scientific research. We have defined the basic
(key empirical factors) that allowed to develop a
conceptual model (paradigm) research. The article
reveals a technique, establishing the rules of
application of the method of expert assessments to
identify organizational and technical factors that have
the most significant impact on improving the reliability
of grain harvesters
Agronomy systems with good reason can be
considered as complex multiparameter natural and
technical systems. In these systems, there are
numerous and diverse physical, chemical and
biological processes. On the one hand, these processes
have a significant impact on the performance of these
systems. On the other hand, they are extremely
difficult to be described in the form of meaningful
analytical models based on equations. As a result, the
development of meaningful analytical models is
associated with a large number of simplifying
assumptions that reduce the validity of these models.
Usually we consider linear univariate models for
agronomic systems, whereas practices are necessary
for nonlinear multiparameter models. Thus, we face
the problem proposed to be solved by the application
of a phenomenological meaningful systemic cognitive
models. These models are created using automated
system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) using the
intellectual system called "Eidos" directly based on
empirical data and used for the decision of tasks of
forecasting, decision support and research of the
modeled subject area. In this case, empirical data can
be large, incomplete (fragmented), noisy, presented in
different types of measuring scales (nominal, ordinal
and numerical) and in different units of measurement.
The comparability of the processing of heterogeneous
data is ensured by the fact that they are all converted
into units of measurement of the amount of
information. A numerical example has been given
In cherry breeding aimed to improve fruit quality,
methods of intervarietal, interspecific and remote
hybridization are often used. As a result of the
conducted studies, new promising cherry varieties of
different maturation period, developed in the
conditions of the Lower Volga region by the method
of remote ecologic-genetic hybridization using the
best local varieties, were studied. The most effective
crosses are those developed with use of high-quality
cherry forms Zhukovskaya and Podbelskaya.
According to the aggregate parameters of fruit
quality (dry matter content, sugar-acid index), the
following varieties were positively identified:
Temnookrashennaya, Dubovochka, Lydia,
Rozovaya, Lyubimitsa, Coloritnaya, Korneevskaya,
Loznovskaya, Afina, Sharada, Lexema. The content
of vitamin C - Temnookrashennaya, Lydia,
Coloritnaya, Rozovaya, Lexema. Varieties
Temnookrashennaya, Lydia, Coloritnaya, Rozovaya,
Lexema are offered for use in the canning industry
The article presents results of the research on the
chemical composition of cognac wine materials,
distillates and aged alcohols from the varieties of the
Magarach Pervenets and Rice of different sugar
content grown in the Taman agroecological zone. The
influence of the initial sugar content on the chemical
composition, physicochemical parameters and
organoleptic evaluation, as well as the correlation of
soil-climatic conditions and varietal features on the
composition of cognac distillates, is shown. Soil
analyzes were carried out at the FGBIC Anapskaya
ZOSViV SKZNIISiV with the use of the latest
equipment by conventional methods of determining
indicators of soil characteristics. The purpose of the
research is to give a detailed description of the site
under study, as well as to identify the boundaries of
the ecological macrozone for cultivating cognac
varieties of grapes. In the course of the research it was
clarified that for the selection and evaluation of raw
zones of cognac production, it is necessary to take
into account the optimal soil and climatic parameters
for obtaining high-quality cognac raw materials