The article deals with the similarity and difference of nosological images in veterinary medicine using a new method of agglomerative clustering implemented in Automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) on a small numerical example. This method is called Agglomerative cognitive clustering. This method differs from the known traditional facts: a) parameters of a generalized image of the cluster are computed not as averages from the original objects (classes) or their center of gravity, and are defined using the same underlying cognitive operations of ASC-analysis, which is used for the formation of generalized images of the classes on the basis of examples of objects and which is really correct and provides a synthesis; b) as a criterion of similarity we do not use Euclidean distance or its variants, and the integral criterion of non-metric nature: "the total amount of information", the use of which is theoretically correct and gives good results in non-orthonormal spaces, which are usually found in practice; c) cluster analysis is not based on the original variables, matrices of frequency or a matrix of similarities (differences) dependent on the measurement units of the axes, and in the cognitive space in which all the axes (descriptive scales) use the same unit of measurement: the quantity of information, and therefore, the clustering results do not depend on the original units of measurement features. All this makes it possible to obtain clustering results that are understandable to specialists and can be interpreted in a meaningful way that is in line with experts' assessments, their experience and intuitive expectations, which is often a problem for classical clustering methods
The article is devoted to the method of selecting
quails. Intensive development of re-fishing requires the
development of breeding methods for selecting birds
and to carry out early predictions of egg production.
Targeted breeding selection is able to influence the
mechanisms of correlation dependencies between
individual parts of the animal's organism, significantly
change even firmly established interrelations, and
create new interactions more satisfying the needs of
the individual. The research task consisted of
establishing links between the parameters of the
skeleton and the productive qualities of the layers. The
studies were conducted on Texas white quails. We
took into account the live weight of the bird, the length
of the metatarsal and the third finger, as well as the
small and large diameters of the metatarsal.
Correlations were established between the length of
the pelvic limbs and the live weight of young quails
during growth. It is established that the growth of the
skeleton ends with the age of onset of puberty. This
provides a basis for predicting the live weight,
depending on the length of the pelvic extremities. It is
established that the live mass is directly related to the
egg productivity of quails. Thus, by selecting the birds
with the longest plus, it makes it possible for 25 weeks
of productivity to increase the egg laying on the initial
layer by 5,7 eggs and 6,2 eggs per average laying hen,
respectively
We have studied biochemical changes in the body of
cattle, sick with nodular dermatitis in the initial stage
of the clinical manifestation of the disease. It is
proved that in case of disease in animals there is a
significant increase in the level of creatinine up to
295.5 mg%. The excess of the norm by 82.1%. In
treatment, this indicator was significantly reduced (189.2 mg%), but did not reach the upper limits of the
norm (162.4 mg%). In the blood serum of patients, the
carotene content was reduced to 0.09 mg%, which
was restored to normal three days after the start of
treatment (1.0 mg%). The glucose level at the
beginning of the disease was 18% below normal and
reached the lower limit of the norm 8 hours after the
start of treatment. When studying the activity of CKK,
it was found that the activity of the enzyme in animals
before the introduction of a 5% solution of sodium
hydrogencarbonate is 82% higher than the upper limit
of the norm. After the treatment, this indicator
returned to normal. The inorganic phosphorus index
did not reach the physiological norm (2.5 mmol / l)
before and after treatment, and remained 11.6%
higher (2.9 mmol / l), which indicates a violation of
mineral metabolism in sick animals. The level of
reserve alkalinity began to recover after 8 hours of
observation and reached a minimum limit of 48.91
vol. % CO2. During the entire period of the
experimental studies, before and after the
administration of the drug, there were no significant
changes in the biochemical parameters of total
protein, calcium, vitamin E and urea. The nature of
the established changes varied within the limits of
physiological norms. The use of a 5% solution of
sodium hydrogen carbonate in nodular dermatitis
increases the effectiveness of symptomatic treatment,
reduces the likelihood of complications and stimulates
the production of specific antibodies against viruses
and bacteria. We have recommended intravenous
injection of 5% sodium hydrogencarbonate solution to
sick animals at the rate of 1 ml per 1 kg of live weight
of the animal three times with an interval of 3 days
The content of selenium in the soils of various genetic types varies widely. Its amount is lower in soils formed on volcanic rocks. On average, it is 0.2-0.6 mg/kg. In the soils formed on sedimentary rocks, the content of selenium is often in the range of 4.5-5.0 mg/kg and depending on the conditions of formation it varies widely, sometimes reaching 100 mg/kg. Predominantly they are alkaline soils, selenium concentrations in the soil solution is 10-6 moles. The content of selenium in most soil types of the Russian Federation and CIS countries varies in the range of 0.01-1.0 mg/kg. Floodplain, chestnut soils, black soils and gray soils are more enriched (0.3 to 1.0 mg/kg), whereas sod-podzolic and sandy soils are relatively depleted (0,05-0,2 mg/kg). Systematic application of mineral fertilizers on the fields of crop rotation leads to a decrease in total content in the leached black soil. Fertilizers contribute to increased mobility of this element and more intensive involvement of it in the biological cycle
As a result of 12-year research, we found the influence of management and control factors on the population of pests and disease damage of four varieties of winter wheat in KNIISH of P.P. Lukyanenko in order to optimize the plant protection factor. The quantitative characteristics of populations of pests and diseases essentially depend on the agronomist and weather predictors. It has been established that for 8 years the population of winter wheat by the larvae of cereal leaf beetle was higher than the EPO and the protection has been important economically and agro-politically. The maximum population of spikes of wheat thrips was observed in 2009, 2010, 2013 and 2014 and amounted to 24.2-35.3 specimens / spike, which was the basis for the use of insecticides. With optimal weather predictors in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, the population of spikes with larvae of wheat mosquito (without plant protection) was from 15.3 to 19.0 specimens / spike, which is higher than the EPO. Monitoring of the dynamics the development of diseases allowed conclusion that the state of the population of pathogens is limited by the levels of fertility and mineral nutrition and weather predictors. The isolation of the values of these indicators in different periods of development of pests allows to optimize the implementation of operational measures with the contribution of the plant protection factor to the productivity of winter wheat from 7 to 42%
The article reveals the main empirical factors that increase the efficiency of technological systems of grain harvesting. The article shows interrelation and subordination of empirical factors in the practice of operational reliability of grain harvesters, which underlies scientific research. We have defined the basic (key empirical factors) that allowed developing a conceptual model (paradigm) of the research. The article provides a technique establishing the rules of application of the method of expert assessments to identify organizational and technical factors that have the most significant impact on improving the reliability of grain harvesters
The article are present the planting dates influence on the onset dates of main development phases and seed yields of the winter rapeseed and camelina. The investigations were carried out in conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening on normal black earth in the Priazovsky zone of the Azov district of the Rostov region from 2013 to 2017 years. The rapeseed variety Loris, the rapeseed hybrid ES Neptune and the camelina variety Penzyak were selected for research in two-factor field experiments. It has been established that the guaranteed yield of winter cabbage oilseeds depends on the timing of the emergence phase and the autumn's weather conditions (the sum of the effective temperatures, humidification conditions) that affect the development of the root leaf rosette. The maximum seed yield was registered in the winter rapeseed variety Loris (4.33 t/ha) in the favorable season 2013-2014 years when was sowing in the second decade of September with an autumn vegetation period of 59 days and the sum of effective temperatures about 320° C. The optimal time for sowing of winter camelina variety Penzyak is first or second decade of September. The maximum seed yield (2.04 t / ha) was obtained in 2013-2014. when was sowing in the first ten days of September with an autumn vegetation period of 70 days and a sum of effective temperatures of 417° C. It was revealed that the seeds of this plant are capable of wintering in the soil and the renewal of vegetation in the spring. The loss of harvest is up to 50 % of the overwintered plants yield that have risen in autumn under unfavorable conditions. The optimum period of autumn vegetation that allows forming the potential productivity of winter rapeseed plants can be considered 60-75 days with sufficient moisture supply and the sum of effective temperatures of 250-400° С. At the winter camelina it was 50-70 days with the sum of effective temperatures not less than 200° С
The article examines the results of studies on the study of changes in the structure of leached chernozem in the low-west agro landscape, depending on the technology of cultivation of field crops. The research task was to determine the effect of basic tillage (dumping plowing, non-loosening loosening and surface treatment) and fertilizer systems (mineral and organic in crop rotation) on the structure (aggregate composition of the soil) of the old irrigated leached chernozem. It was established that the aggregate composition of the arable layer when cultivating tilled crops (sugar beet, soybean and corn) was noticeably inferior to the structure of the treated layer under crops of solid crops (winter wheat, alfalfa). The content of agronomically valuable soil aggregates for roaches varied from 39.8% in corn to 53.4% in soybean. At the same time, the structural coefficient was 0.7-1.1. Cultures of continuous sowing increased the content of agronomically valuable soil aggregates of the arable layer by an average of 12.2%, and the structural coefficient by 0.6. The replacement of plowing with non-loosening loosening and surface treatment in crop rotation showed that in the arable layer of the aggregated soil particles under the tilled crops practically did not change. This figure was 47.3 and 48.5%, while in plowing it occupied an intermediate position - 48.3%. Under the crops of continuous sowing a tendency to increase agronomically valuable aggregates was noted. The mineral fertilizer system fully worked to preserve the structure of the soil when it was used for plowing. The remaining methods of basic processing against the background of the mineral fertilizer system are less effective. According to the arable crops there was a tendency to increase aggregates of 10-0.25 mm in size. Winter wheat (according to its predecessor - corn and alfalfa), alfalfa of different years of life increased the austerity of the arable layer by 9.0%. Organic fertilizers, introduced twice in the rotation, significantly improve the soil structure in the plow layer. The organic system used for tilled crops in comparison with unmanned crops for plowing, non-rooting and surface loosening increased the number of aggregates measuring 10-0.25 mm on average by a rotation of 10.4. Organic fertilizers in the link of the crops of continuous sowing improved the aggregate composition by an average of 4.3%. Optimal organic fertilizers worked against the backdrop of non-loosening loosening
The introduction of innovative technologies of cultivation of priority crops is not possible without the use of biologics. Their incorporation into the soil or on the leaf surface allows achieving a significant increase in productivity and production quality. Currently, on the market of agrochemical products, micronutrient fertilizers offer a wide and varied range of products, both foreign and domestic production. To select the most appropriate preparations or their combinations in price and the resulting effect is a complex task. Therefore, the aim of this study was the study of living forms of microorganisms and growth regulators on development and productivity of soft winter wheat called Yuka. The research was carried out in 2013-2015 in the fields of training and demonstration center for sustainable technologies in FSRI of the «ASC «Donskoy». As the test drugs we used Extresol 1/t seeds and vegetation 1l/ha; Agrophone KU-8 seeds 2 l/t of the growing season is 2 l/ha; seed Vigor forte of 0,50 g/t on vegetation of 0,25 g/ha; Flavobacterium 1,2 l/t seeds and 0,3 l/ha during growing season; Rostock 0,3 l/t and 0,2 l/ha during growing season; Risotorphine 1,2 l/t and 0,4 l/ha during growing season. As a result of researches it is established that living forms of bacteria preparation «Extrasol» and the growth regulators affected the productivity of winter wheat. The yield increase was from 0,53 t/ha to 0,66 t/ha. Huge positive role was played by biological technology of utilization of plant residues with the use of biological products and growth regulators. The introduction of this technology in the training and demonstration center for the production of winter wheat allowed to get 4056 Rub income from 1 ha, at the level of profitability 158%
Creation is high - olive hybrids of corn is very relevant in modern conditions as these hybrids give 2-3% of oil more than the hybrids used in production. What the mutation Opeik-2 brings if combined with selection on the high content of oil, having created initial material with two qualitative signs? The similar material received in KNIISH in previous years on the basis of lines and hybrids is presented in this article in the context of productivity and the content of signs of quality of grain