The production of eggs is one of the most important indicators of the productivity of poultry, including chickens The main purpose of breeding chickens in the collections of genetic resources - conservation of genetic diversity. The chickens from the collection of genetic resources it is also possible to receive products, for example, in the form of eggs. The account of the egg productivity of the chickens showed that the intensity of egg production varies among representatives of different directions of productivity. The most stable egg-laying was possessed by chickens of breeds New Hampshire, Black Australian, Dutch white. These breeds are bred as breeds of egg direction of productivity. But they are characterized by long downturns in egg production, lasting more than 7 days. Chickens of meat direction by stable, but low intensity of egg production. All the chickens had a short period For all chickens a short period is characteristic, when the egg-laying is kept at a certain level. It is 30-40 days, after which there is a gradual decrease in this indicator. Such a high level of genetic diversity in egg production in gene pool makes it possible to use this bird as a model object for studying its features
In the article, following the results of the first rotation of crop rotation, we consider results of researches on influence of technologies of cultivation of crops of various degree of intensification in a link of field crop rotation on change of the content in arable layer of the black leached soil of one of the main indicators of fertility of the soil – general humus. Determination of the total humus content in the soil layer 0-20 cm under winter wheat cultivated after sugar beet, corn for grain and sunflower ranged in terms of technology options from 3.02 to 3.72 %. Application of organic fertilizers for sugar beet on the variants of the studied technologies, in order to simulate soil fertility levels, from 200 to 600 t/ha and their intermediate application to this crop with a norm of 30 to 120 t/ha contributed, regardless of the method of basic tillage, to an increase in the humus content in the soil from 3.38 to 3.65 %. In the future, as crops rotate in the link of crop rotation, within five years there was a drop in the total humus content in the arable layer according to the variants of the experiment from 0.09 to 0.21 %. Intensification of technologies, increase of crop productivity in the link of crop rotation contributed to the annual loss of humus by 0.02-0.04%. When applying the same average and high standards of organic fertilizers, humus content in the arable layer did not fall below the initial levels of soil fertility and was 3.25 – 3.44 %. This contributed to the maintenance of the total humus content, and therefore, the preservation of soil fertility compared with options where organic fertilizers were not used. It is established that at cultivation of field crops on technologies with application of the non – oval system of processing of the soil, the content of the General humus in a layer of the soil of 0-20 sm averaged 3,39 %. Application in the technologies of soil plowing reduced humus content in the soil to 3.30%, which was inferior to options with non-oval tillage by 0.09%. With the alternation in the rotation surface of the main processing of the soil under cereals and moldboard tilled under (ie recommended system primary tillage) were lost to 0.012% of humus per year, while in the technologies with annual moldboard with side effects of deep loosening tillage, dehumification was of 0.027% per year. In the process of researches it is established that the cultivation of crops in crop rotation on environmentally acceptable technologies with application of the average rate of organic fertilizers on the background recommended for the Central zone of the Krasnodar region the main processing system contributes more to the preservation of humus in the soil compared to extensive technology (control) to 0.04 % and 0.06 – 0.07 percent when using this technology on the background of moldboard and subsurface tillage treatments of the soil
The article has a classification of fodder shredders
developed on the basis of the analysis of the existing
technical means for the preparation of fodders. The
constructive technological scheme of the grinder for
coarse fodder in a pressed form is proposed. The
results of experimental studies in solving the
optimization problem-finding the optimal combination
of constructive-technological factors of equipment are
analyzed, in which a predetermined number of all
types of feed will be produced with a higher quality.
As optimization criteria, the following were chosen:
energy intensity, material grinding time, weighted
average particle length
The article presents the results of the research of the
influence of preliminary treatment of garden beet roots
with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency
on the loss of dry and biologically active substances,
such as vitamin C and P-active substances, in the
process of long term storage. Garden beet roots of
Bordo 237 variety were the objects of research. The
objects of research were stored for 7 months at a
temperature of 0…+1° С and relative humidity of 90
%. Sampling was carried out every month during the
entire storage period. The treatment with
electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency was
carried out using an experimental setup of our own
assembly. As a result of the conducted research it is
established, that the treatment of garden beet roots of
Bordo 237 variety with electromagnetic fields of
extremely low frequency before dispatching into
storage allows to decrease the losses of dry substances
by 4,1 % by the end of the 7 months storage period, and
also to decrease the losses of vitamin C by 14,8 % and
P-active substances by 15,1 %. The data obtained can
be used to develop new or improve existing
technologies of garden beet roots storing
The considerable share in prime cost of products of agricultural production is made, now, by power expenses. It promotes that the considerable attention is given power - both resource-saving to the equipment and technologies. Thus, the modern science is faced by a global task – creation of cars and tools of new generation, high-economic, highly productive, less power-intensive and metal-consuming. One of the most power-intensive processes of production of agricultural production is processing of the soil. In this article on the basis of numerous researches use of rotary motion of the soil-cultivating working body allowing to improve a design of tillage machines, to reduce metal consumption, power consumption, to increase quality of work is offered. In this article, we offer the device for preseeding processing of the soil on a frame of which the working bodies in the form of flat disks with sharpening working in the horizontal plane, but with the accounting of an angle of deepening of working body are in chessboard order established. Rotary motion which promotes fuller cutting of rhizomes of weed plants and to improvement of quality of preseeding processing of the soil is forcibly transferred to working bodies. Justification of the offered device, constructive and technological schemes of the tool, conclusions and offers are given in the article
In the article we consider various technologies of
growing corn for grain with application of various
backgrounds of soil fertility, fertilizer norms, system
of plant protection from weeds, pests and diseases with
the recommended soil cultivation
The article presents the results of bio-energetic and
economic evaluation of alternative technologies for
cultivation of winter wheat, developed in long-term
stationary experiments at Kuban State Agrarian
University. We study the effect of four factors on the
productivity of winter wheat, quality of soil, fertilizers
system, systems of soil tillage and systems of
protection. We have processed the data for 7
technologies in two rotations of 11 fields grain-grass
crop rotation in the Central part of the Krasnodar
region on leached black soil of plains of the
agricultural landscape. We have established, in the
first crop rotation, on the example of varieties of
Batyka and Krasnodarskaya 99, that there were
changes in costs of production, net profit and the cost
of 1 centner of grain, depending on the technology,
and the comparative evaluation of bioenergy impact of
alternative technologies of winter wheat cultivation to
consumption energy costs total energy. We have
calculated ratio net of efficiency depending on the
technology of cultivation of winter wheat. On the basis
of economic and bioenergetic calculations for farms
with different level of economy we have proposed an
alternative technology: for economically strong,
economically average, economically weak farms and
for farms located in protected areas where is
prohibited the use of chemicals. Thus, producers have a choice of alternative technologies of winter wheat,
which will contribute to maximizing profits and
obtaining competitive products
Watermelon has great economic importance. The
fruits have high nutritional and medicinal value,
excellent taste, very healthy and are in great demand
among the population. Soil and climatic conditions of
the Temryuk district are favourable for growing
watermelon. High yield and excellent fruit quality in
the commercial led to the popularity of the Temryuk
watermelon not only on the black sea coast, but also
throughout Russia. The urgency of improving the
assortment of the watermelon is increased
competition among manufacturers, increasing
consumer culture of the population, the increase in
sales volumes, including due to the appearance on the
market of varieties and hybrids of non-traditional
colors of bark and pulp. The aim of our study was to
establish the most adapted hybrids of watermelon of
different segments, with high yield and marketability
of fruits, which are promising for growing in the
Temryuk district. Scientific novelty of our work lead
to the research objects – new, recently created
hybrids of watermelon, promising for cultivation in
the Krasnodar region. The work has great practical
significance, since on the basis of these studies
identified promising hybrids of watermelon foreign
seeds of various segments of the precocity, which
with appropriate cultivation agrobiological and
economic points of view
Plants of winter wheat suppress weeds quite well, however, the use of herbicides is required, which prevents the new clogging up of soil. Under surface tillage it was observed a greater spread of weeds than under mold-board plowing. Introduction of the herbicide Lancelot regardless of ways of tillage has reduced this rate in 5.8 times. An important means of regulating of vital functions of soil microflora is tillage. 40% of all expenses ac-counted for the soil treatment required for cultivation of crops. Therefore it is important to study the effect of tillage on the course of microbiological processes in the upper 0-30 cm layer. The intensity of the decomposition of plant material by linen cloths method objectively reflects the status and activity of soil microflora. One of the signs of cultural soil condition is its ability of nitrification. Nitrification process is particularly slow in early spring, because this time the microbiological activity is weak because of low soil temperature. When the soil is progressing the number of nitrates increases and reaches its peak in summer, after that the process is fading. Studies have shown that under surface tillage, microbiological processes of decomposition of cellulose and the ability of soil nitrification compared with moldboard plowing are higher. The components of yield structure show features of yield formation. Tillage did not have an essential effect on crop structure elements. Application of herbicide Lancelot has significantly increased the number of productive stalks (7.3-10%) and mass of 1000 grains on 1.8 g or 4.5%. Grain yield of winter wheat did not depend on the primary tillage (57.5-56.5 kg/ha). Application of herbicide Lance-lot has allowed to receive allowance (on average for 2 years) 5.0 kg/ha. Grain quality indicators of winter wheat depend both on the hereditary traits and preferred growing conditions. The amount of gluten is not dependent on the main tillage, while the introduction of herbicide has increased gluten to 1.4%. Calculation of economic and bio-energy efficiency showed that the use of surface treatment in the cultivation of winter wheat on soil ordinarily is worthwhile
In the article we present the results of perennial researches on the influence of norms of fertilizers on growth and productivity of sunflower on Chernozem (Black soil) with different levels of fertility in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region. The improvement of nutritional status of plants promoted increase in leaf area of sunflower in the flowering stage from 20.1 to 30.8 thousand m2/ ha and more accumulation of dry substances and major nutrients in plant tissues throughout the growing season. The greatest influence on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves of 56 – 64 and 50 – 58%, in stalks of 40 – 62 and 39 – 42%, in baskets 43 – 59, and 38 -68%, respectively, provided the rate of fertilizer. The yield of sunflower seeds in average for three hybrids (Kubanskiy 341, Triumph, Legion) evolved in experiment parcels from 25.5 to 33, 4 ac./ha. The highest productivity of this crop is obtained when a high rate of fertilizer (N80Р120) is applied on soil with a high level of fertility. The increase of seed yield compared to control was 7.9 ac./ha or 30.9 %. While increasing the level of soil fertility and fertilizer amount, oil content of the seeds decreased from 46.9 to 44.5%, but the yield of oil increased from 1.20 to 1, 47 T/ha due to the growth of productivity