The article describes reasons for uneven distribution of seeds by pneumatic grain drills. For the theoretical justification of the operation modes of the pneumatic seeder, we have calculated the coefficients of the weight concentration of seeds in the air stream for different seeding rates and movement speeds. We have also calculated feed rate of seeds and planting performance of the machine for working width of 8.4 m. We have derived an equation of constancy of consumption of seeds, and the equation determining total pressure loss in the pneumatic conduit, emerging from the sum of the losses in the receiver, losses on the dispersal of the material after the receiver, and losses on the stopped movement of pneumatic mixtures
Obtaining maximum productivity and reducing production costs are the main challenges facing livestock producers in modern conditions. To achieve the effectiveness of the poultry industry, we carried out a research in the utilities sector of the Rostov Region, the purpose of which was to study the effectiveness of the use of a feed additive – bento-clay in the diet of ducklings grown for meat. In the research, we study the influence of various doses of the feed on the diet and growth of ducklings. Experimental research data showed that the introduction of bento-clay into the diet of ducklings as a feed additive allowed to increase live weight, average daily gain, the safety of ducklings, the mass of half-gutted and gutted carcasses, the yield of edible parts, and meat quality compared to the control group. Thus, bento-clay influenced the increase in the water-holding ability of ducklings meat, which contributed to the improvement of its technological properties. Therefore, at three weeks of age, the live weight of ducklings was 11.5% -18.2% more than ducklings of the control group, and at seven weeks of age this difference was 8.4-12%, respectively, and the average daily increase was 7.2 -14.1% with high safety
This article presents the results of studies on the impact of the fertilizer application rate and the use of the growth stimulant called Bereke GN on photosynthetic activities of early potatoes in southern Kyrgyzstan. Due to the lack of scientific evidence on the integrated use of fertilizers and growth stimulants in conditions of southern Kyrgyzstan, we considered it necessary to clarify the methods and standards for the use of the Bereke GN growth stimulant in the production of early potatoes in lowland areas on typical gray soil. In southern Kyrgyzstan, similar research in early potato technology is being carried out for the first time. According to studies, the crops of early potatoes possessed high leaf surface, which were subjected to complex treatment of the Bereke GN growth stimulator, accordingly its value was in the flowering phase of 41.2- 48.2 thousand m2. When the nutrition increases, a more powerful assimilation surface is formed. The highest level was 48.2 thousand m2 per 1 ha under the complex treatment with growth stimulator. The formation of tuber mass on 1 bush with the complex use of the Bereke GN growth stimulant showed a high intensity. With an increased nutrition, the Berke GN Growth Stimulator Integrated Test Variant increased the tuber formation rate, respectively the value was 182 g/bush. According to studies over the years of the experiments, the amount of dry biomass crops increased naturally, depending on the application of fertilizers and the use of the growth Bereke GN stimulant
The creation of breeding material with desired properties is a principal problem, the successful solution of which is now possible with the introduction of genetic engineering technology. We have carried out an evaluation of the source material on its basis to identify samples suitable for creating heterotic hybrids with a set of economically valuable traits, including resistance to the tomato leaf curl virus (TYLCV)
Unfavorable changes in exchange rates, sanctions restrictions on the supply to Russia of spare parts necessary for the repair and maintenance of previously imported equipment have led to a significant reduction in the service life of imported machinery and equipment. For the solution, the authors propose to implement the strategy of retro-innovations providing the development of new technologies maintaining in working condition of machinery and equipment in conditions of shortage of spare parts and consumables. To do this, it is necessary to develop technologies for the restoration of complex technical devices in order to extend their service life under the restrictions created by the financial market and sanctions policy. The study of the problem was carried out on the example of the operation of trucks of foreign production, the evaluation of engine life and analyzed the structure of the market. On the basis of the obtained results, a model was proposed, on the basis of which it is possible to form a plan for the production of spare parts for high-quality engine repair by domestic enterprises. The strategy of retro-innovations does not solve all the problems of import substitution, but it allows to increase the level of economic security of strategically important economic activities, it creates jobs and provides an opportunity to significantly extend the life of expensive and complex technical devices
The article studies species composition and abundance of soil algae under hybrid Krasnodar 292 AMB cultivated with various technologies. 7 species of cyanobacteria and 11 soil algae were revealed. It was revealed that the highest total amount of algae was observed in variants of environmentally acceptable and intensive technology, which is associated with the positive effect of mineral fertilizers and the consequent application of organic matter on soil algal flora. However, in these variants a decrease was observed both in the number of species and in the abundance of green and yellow-green algae. The species Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi was absent or found in insignificant amounts. The species composition was less diverse, which can be attributed to the negative effect of the herbicide used in these technologies. The method of tillage had practically no effect on green, yellow-green and diatoms. An increase in the intensity of soil cultivation had a significant negative effect on both the species composition and the number of cyanobacteria
The article considers the existing system of agriculture in the Krasnodar region. We also give the soil-climatic characteristic of natural-agricultural zones. There was studied the structure of agricultural landscapes of the region. It is concluded that in the agricultural production of the Krasnodar region approach to agriculture is focused only on zonal methods of land management, planning and organization of large agricultural enterprises. Whereas, the Land reform carried out in the Russian Federation since the 90-ies of the last century has made significant adjustments, both on domestic political and socio-economic relations in the life of society, and on land management provision of agriculture. Redistribution of agricultural land, the formation of new scientific approaches to farming systems, based on the principles of sustainability and self-regulation of agricultural landscapes, device of crop rotations, adapted to local climatic conditions are aimed at the reproduction of soil fertility and a positive balance of humus. In this regard, there were developed the proposals and calculated technical and economic indicators for the transition to a new, effective, scientifically based, adapted to local agricultural landscape conditions, high-tech balanced farming systems. According to developed proposals and recommendations, there was given the example of application in crop ten-field crop rotation for the central zone of the Krasnodar region, which is balanced in humus
The management of the process of implementation of projects at the refinery should be carried out comprehensively. To improve the diagnostic system of insulation of the stator windings of electric motors with a voltage above 1 kilovolt, it is necessary to involve specialists of all sub-divisions. This will allow a comprehensive approach to the problem of reducing the intensity of labor, and, consequently, to reduce the norms of time for performing operations provided for by the technological process. It is proposed to create a project team consisting of the following specialists: General Director, chief designer, chief electrician, lead engineer for adjustment and testing, Deputy Director for production, head of the Department of labor and wages, chief economist. In addition, the design should involve the heads of shops and sites, directly managing and organizing processes in the workplace. Domestic and foreign experience shows that the introduction of diagnostic tools is one of the most important factors in increasing the economic efficiency of the use of equipment in the industry. Purpose of diagnostics is identification and prevention of failures and malfunctions, maintenance of operational indicators within the established limits, forecasting of a condition for the purpose of full use of a resource
Both domestic and foreign experience have noted that the introduction of diagnostic tools was one of the most important factors in increasing the economic efficiency of the use of equipment in industry. The purpose of diagnostics is detection and prevention of failures and failures, maintenance of operational parameters within the specified limits, forecasting of the state for the purpose of full use of the resource. Today, more than ever, the assessment of the current state of the electric power is particularly acute. With one regulatory method of testing electric motors, it was necessary to make a sufficiently in-depth analysis of technical documentation for testing or diagnosis of new modern tests or diagnostics. The relevance of the transition to non-destructive methods of motor testing is increased in order to increase their service life. At present, there is a need to introduce more gentle methods of testing electric bodies, since the standardized test method has a negative impact on the condition of electric motors as a whole and on the integrity of the structure. In order to ensure the necessary level of reliability of electrical equipment at enterprises, it is necessary to use modern testing methods and diagnostic systems
Persimmon is the most cold-resistant subtropical culture. It is relevant in scientific research and a prospect for the application of modern methods in plant breeding. The aim of this work is to review the latest advances in molecular genetic methods in persimmon breeding (Diospyros L.). The article shows the importance of studying the molecular genetic basis of persimmon breeding as a necessary condition for the development of new approaches in the production of new varieties. Statistics on the cultivation of this crop on an industrial scale is presented. The importance of culture is shown and given information on the territory of cultivation. Data on the study of genetic diversity, assessment of genetic stability, understanding the origin of persimmon varieties, degree of relationship using a number of molecular markers are presented. There are also DNA sequencing results, which are shown closely related relationships of Diospyros kaki with wild species D. oleifera, D. deyangensis, D. virginiana, D. glaucifolia, D. lotus and D. jinzaoshi. The reduce the astringency of the fruit, the significant role of regulation of structural genes (DkADH, DkPDC, DkPK, ALDH) in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins, in increasing the tolerance of plants to abiotic and biotic stress factors, level of expression of the studied genes are presented in this review