The article deals with the topical issues of ornamental
woody plants used in street landscaping of Sochi
Central district. It presents the quantitative
composition of these species, numbering 12181
specimens. With the scale, modified for the regional
conditions, we carried out an analysis of the studied
plantations and their state, which revealed that
weakened plants were predominant - 72.48%. Healthy
plants make up over 20%. The lowest number of the
specimen was recorded among the dead plants
(0,26%). The analysis was carried out for all species
according to the state categories. For instance,
structure-forming species selected for further studies,
were analyzed this way, including a large part of plants
that belong to the second category of state (89,04%).
Healthy plants are less than 8% from the total number
of dominant species. The number of dead plants makes
up 0,35%
The plant body cells must contain a certain
amount of water for a normal life. Water
deficiency in cultivated plants was due to using
herbicides used in intensive technologies of
cultivation of agricultural crops. The conditions
of the environment determine the sensitivity of
the plant to herbicide. Soil and climatic conditions
of winter wheat grown in the time of herbicide
treatment are important for the effectiveness of its
actions. It was found, that plants grown under
shade or high humidity are more sensitive to
herbicides than ones grown in bright sunlight and
in times of drought. During drought, and in the
open sunny spot, plant development is faster and
become more stable. On soils rich in humus, we
may grow less herbicide-resistant plants than in
soils poor in organic matter. Herbicides are
moved through the vascular system of plants with
nutrients and metabolic products, they cause
general poisoning as deformation of the stem and
leaves of the plants, growth inhibition, chlorosis,
fragility of leaves and stems, sterility, reducing
the amount of free to bound water, which is
particularly important for combating perennial
weeds that have strong and well-developed root
system. Monocots are able to immobilize the leaf
herbicides. Latency of herbicides and their
immobilization are carried out in various ways.
Elucidation of the physiological characteristics
that determine the resistance of plants to water
scarcity and the effects of the herbicides is the
most important task, the solution of which is not
only of great theoretical, but also has practical
significance
The anthropogenic interference plays more and more increasing role in modern ecologic paradigm. Adjusting this role to the studied region, it is defined by the socio-economic conditions being formed in our country. The rate of construction in the resort zones of the Krasnodar region is sweepingly rising. In spite of the high therapeutic-recreational capacity of the region, this tendency is leading to the further worsening of the ecological situation. The strengthening of the ecological control in the terms of the present economic crisis is highly urgent when more and more Russians prefer native resorts for their rest and in the first turn - resorts of the Krasnodar region. The condition of the ambient air of some recreation zones of the Krasnodar region has been studied. Methods of atomic-absorbing chromatography and optical emissive spectrometry have been used. It has been shown that the differences in data are mainly determined by the different content of the air impurities depending on the probe selection place. According to the studied data, the ecologically purest places are Krasnaya Polyana and Goryachy Klyuch. Whereas, the content of atmospheric air pollutants in the central districts of the resort towns of Sochi and Goryachy Klyuch exceeds MAC. The comparison of the obtained data with the same data of the city of Krasnodar that had been obtained before allows making a conclusion about the favorable eco-hygienic state of the resort zones of the Krasnodar region. So our investigations authentically prove the existence of the significant differences in the ecological conditions of the city on the one hand and of the resort zones of the Krasnodar region on the other hand
Self-regulation of agricultural systems is based upon taking into account the interaction of their components released in variety of species and trophic relations; agricultural systems is diversified in towards a sustainable, productive and strategic development of the systems; one of the most promising areas of diversification of agricultural systems is considered to be an introduction to the practice of combining crops, known in agriculture for a long time, which shows us the nature. The most developed technology for creating combined crops is the practice of creating mixtures and the nature of the relationship between their different components
In the review, the stages of designing therapeutic cocktails of T4 type bacteriophages based on works by Harald Brüssow from Nestlé S.A. (Switzerland) are considered. The main stages of this process are identified: analysis of existing cocktails, selection of phages; creating a collection; cultivation of the host bacterium, multiplication of viruses; purification of the preparation; contamination testing; preservation, stabilization and storage; preclinical and clinical trials. H. Brüssow first studied the Russian drug " Coli-Proteus bacteriophage " of "Microgen" with the help of metagenomic analysis, electron microscopy and conducted its clinical studies. Prof. Brüssow considered the advantages of T4 bacteriophages for the treatment of Escherichia coli infections. Researchers studied methods of cultivation in Erlenmeyer flasks, in a bioreactor, in disposable sack cultivators for the propagation of viruses. For its purification the chromatography, centrifugation, filtration and polyethylene glycol precipitation were studied. To quickly check the contamination of phage cocktails, a mass spectrometry method is proposed. Researchers considered basic strategies, such as lyophilization, spray drying, the formation of microcrystals and microspheres to stabilize the preparations. They also reviewed the results of clinical trials of phage cocktails. We have listed the problems of selecting T4 bacteriophages from the point of view of modern knowledge. H. Brüssow and his colleagues carried out an interesting work on the construction of phage cocktails based on T4 type bacteriophages, and also revealed the problems of the current state of phage therapy
The article presents experimental data on the research
of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with mean diameter 15
nm and 50 nm effect on seeds germination and growth
of 3-day-old etiolated coleoptiles and roots. Compared
with distilled water (control) initial colloidal solution
of 15 nm and 50 nm GNPs (57 µg/ml) had no
significant impact on seeds germination and growth of
coleoptiles and roots. However, in both cases a weak
tendency to stimulation of the coleoptile growth and
root growth inhibition was observed. Reduction of 15
nm GNPs concentration down to 10 µg/ml and 1
µg/ml had not effect on the growth of the seedlings,
but stimulated seed germination up to twofold.
Similar concentrations of 50 nm GNPs exerted the
stimulating effect on seed germination (twofold) and
the growth of root and coleoptiles. Seedlings grew
especially intensive in colloidal GNPs solution with
Au concentration of 10 µg/ml. Temperature rise of 2
degrees (from 25°C to 27°C) resulted in growth
increase of control 3-day-old seedlings and opposite
effect of 50 nm GNPs: coleoptiles and roots growth
fell behind control seedlings growth by 16-17%.
However, on the 4th day, the relative growth
slowdown of control seedlings occurred at 27°C and
growth stimulation effect under the influence of 50
nm GNPs appeared again. Over time, the stimulating
effect of 50 nm GNPs decreased: at the end of October it weakened, and in November – beginning of
December, it was no observed for the roots, and there
was a decline in coleoptiles growth. However, in all
cases the effect of stimulation of seeds germination
persisted under the influence of 50 nm GNPs,
weakening by December. We hypothesize the
molecular mechanisms of biological action of GNPs
The issues associated with visualization images of the examined object and the method of sketches or visual notes have been discussed in the article. The images of lagenaria (bottle, shape pumpkins or gourds) in works of art and agrobotanic illustration as a research tool have been selected, with the aim to conduct a visual analysis of the morphological characteristics of bottle gourd for further application of the knowledge gained in archaeogenetics and plant breeding. The article presents images of plants of lagenaria for the period from 1311 to 2014 years. Visual analysis of the morphological characteristics of lagenaria on the basis of visual notes allowed us to identify several key points: the polymorphism of fruits and different duration of the vegetation period, particularly of the reproductive system, which is characterized by different proportions of male and female flowers, the presence of pollinators, night flowering, fruit pubescence on the first stages of development, polymorphism seeds, features maturation based on the size and weight of the fetus. Understanding the range of individual development allows the breeder to submit a complete selection issue, search for new signs will touch the ancient forms of the object, diseases, pests, images which have remained only on the pictures. In our opinion, the method of visual notes can be successfully used in the educational process because it stimulates creativity and cognitive activity of students to search for information about the studied object and its reflection
The article presents the results of the research on the
effect of processing cuttings grapes Moldova and
Bianca by a growth regulator called Stimolant 66f
(Stimolante 66f) on their regenerative properties, the
yield and quality of seedlings. In Moldova grade, we
tested three concentrations of the drug - 0.001; 0.01
and 0.1% and grade Bianca - five - - 0.001; 0.005;
0.01; 0.05 and 0.1%, compared to treatment with IAA
(standard) or without treatment (control). It was found,
that both types of processing cuttings with IAA led to
the inhibition of blooming buds. Application of
Stimolanta to both varieties accelerated blooming
buds, and to the greatest extent on grade Bianca. On
the variety Moldova, the processing cuttings with
heteroauxin and Stimolant at 0.01 and 0.1% had an
inhibitory effect on the growth of shoots, which
survived to the end of the experiment. On the variety
of Bianca, both the IAA and Stimolant at all
concentrations of working solution contributed to a
significant increase the length of the shoots. At grade
Moldova, basal ends of cuttings treatment for 24 hours
in solutions of Stimolanta at 0.01 and 0.1%
concentration had the root-growing ability stimulated,
enhanced the yield and quality of seedlings. In grade
Bianca, better rooting of cuttings with 3 or more roots
was observed in the variant of "Stimolant - 0.05%",
and a greater number of roots were produced in the
version of "Stimolant - 0.1%." In cuttings of varieties
ofMoldova, Stimolant showed better results than the
IAA in optimal concentrations, and grade Bianca had
about the same results
Novoafonskaya cave is located in Abkhazia. It is
equipped for visits in 1975. The cave has permanently
installed lighting. In caves with artificial lighting, a
vegetation of cyanobacteria and algae, bryophytes and
ferns can be found around lamps. The development of
lampenflora is a typical problem for cave management.
We have identified 69 species of phototrophs in
Novoafonskaya cave: Magnoliophyta 2 species,
Pteridophyta 6 species, Bryophyta 11 species,
Cyanobacteria 34 species, Bacillariophyta 9 species,
Ochrophyta 2 species, Chlorophyta 5 species. The
article considers main habitat of lampenflora and gives
their characteristics. We have also revealed
predominance of cyanobacteria in the cave
This article is devoted to treatment effects of cuttings
of a grape variety called Moldova with 0.01% solution
of heteroauxin on their regenerative capacity,
depending on the light conditions. We have established
that the germination of cuttings in the dark, as well as
the treatment of heteroauxin significantly stimulate
their regenerative abilities. The length of the shoots,
regardless of the use of heteroauxin, depends on the
mode of the light produced during the germination of
cuttings. In both studies, the length of the shoots on the
end of experiment cuttings germinated in the dark, was
1,71-2,66 times more than when germinated in the
light. Cuttings rooting ability also largely depends on
the light produced in their germination. In both studies,
the rooting of cuttings started earlier and passed more
rapidly during their germination in the dark.
Processing cuttings with heteroauxin, followed by
germination in the dark, speeded up the formation of
roots even more, compared with the case where the
cuttings treated with heteroauxin germinated in the
light. In the best case rooting increased by 42,5-47,5%,
the number of roots on basal ends of cuttings in 18,3-
18,5 times, the numbers of cuttings with 3 or more
roots to 72,5-80,0%