The optimum combination of quantitative and qualitative
relationships between structures of organic and mineral wastes of various industries provides the formation of compound composts, which improves its physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, helps conserve macro- and micronutrients, organic
matter, enhance ecological niches system, to ensure the
development of ecological trophic groups of microorganisms
This article is devoted to the study of small mammal communities (species composition, daily activity and spatial distribution) in the agrocoenosis. The fields of winter crops that were surrounded by similar fields or by winter crops with meadow vegetation were researched. The Mus musculus became the dominant species in the winter crops agrocoenosis. The R. Sylvaemus living near the border with field-protective forest belts (and 25 meters field around) are subdominant group. Marked single finds Mus musculus in the forest and R. Sylvaemus in the field (at a distance before 50 meters). It is shown that the presence of meadow vegetation increases the species diversity of mice in the agrocoenosis. In the middle of this field a subdominantion group is Microtus arvalis s.l. and Cricetulus migratorius. The both species prefer a neighborhood with meadow vegetation. The method of recapture, followed by labeling with animals, made it possible to fix the movement for a distance of about 400 m. during the night (maximum values were males Mus musculus). The activity of small mammals in the winter crops was timed to coincide with the day-night cycles, with high activity from 01:00 to 04:00 am, and minimum activity after 09:00 hours of the morning before 08:00 pm
The article presents the results obtained in the
process of two scientific-practical experiments
carried jut on two milk cows (Shvitskay breed)
aimed at the antioxidants detoxication properties and
mould inhibitor revealing. This factor is actual in the
Republic of North Ossetia-Alania as the intensive
technologies of the fodder crops cultivation using the
nitrate fertilizers are widely applied in the region
leading to the excess nitrates and nitrite penetration
into the animals’ organism. During the first
experiment, the antioxidants of epophen and vitamin
C were added into the ration of the lactating cows
with the subtoxic dosage of nitrates both separately
and in complex. The complex feeding proved to
increase the milk productivity, the fat mass and
protein mass in milk while reducing the fodder
expenditure per product unit. Beside, the lactating
cows revealed the digestive and intermediate
exchange betterment and the reduction of nitrates
and nitrites level in blood. The second experiment
helped to study Khadoks antioxidant and mould
inhibitor called Mold-Zap efficiency use for the
nitrates and aflotoxicin B1 detoxication. The
researches showed that the complex admixtures of
the said preparations introduction into the rations of
the animals increased the milk productivity, fat and
protein content and reduced aflatoxineM1 content.
The cows activated the digestive and intermediate
exchange, accompanied with the nitrates and nitrites
level reduction in the organism
Humpback whitefish - Coregonus lavaretus pidschian
(Gmelin, 1788), is spread in Siberia, in the Kara,
Laptev and East Siberian seas and in the lakes of the
Arctic and Subarctic. Objective: To assess the status of
fish in the waters of Yakutia, to make ecological
forecasts and determine the possibility and prospect of
economic use of whitefish, as a fish-breeding material
in the present conditions. Methods: The analysis was
carried out on the fresh material as described
I.Pravdina (1966), taking into account the
recommendations of Y. Reshetnikov (1980).
Collection and processing of materials were carried out
in 1969-2015 by standard methods. Results. Reaching
sexual maturity at the sixth (in weight - the eighth and
ninth) year of life, whitefish begin to move to the main
breeding groundsin the early fall. Absolute fecundity
of eggs 2500-140000. Spawning is common in late
September-early October. The food spectrum usually
consists of the following objects: chironomid larvae,
plants, mollusks, fish eggs and copepods. By the
nature of power - benthophage, but often becomes
planktonic organisms. Conclusions. Important food
fish, but its reserves significantly reducedunder the
influence of anthropogenic factors in recent years. The
catch of whitefish can be increased as a result of the
development of aquaculture
At present, the cultivation of agricultural products is on a level where the growth of productivity and quality is only possible by using the latest achievements of science. Scientists have been developing elements of agro-technologies of complex applications of growth regulators, fungicides and fertilizers in growing winter wheat, providing a significant increase in productivity and quality of agricultural products, reduction of labor costs, energy and all kinds of resources, sustainable harvesting, even in the zone of risky agriculture. Plant growth regulators have multifunctional properties, which are expressed in the regulation of plant growth and development, and in increasing their resilience to adverse weather conditions and many diseases. However, despite the fact that there are many examples of extremely high economic efficiency of plant growth regulators, in terms of production and use of pesticides are much inferior. Retardants and defoliants are used more widely. However, low rates of regulators and elicitors, the ability to manage with their help the growth and development of plants; change the resistance of plants to various external factors determines their prospects. We propose to apply the "agrochemical cocktails." It will induce the systemic plant resistance to the whole growing season, which is not possible in the case of using only one of the fungicides and bactericides. It is necessary to take into account the features of the functioning of the immune system of plants and to develop technological methods of influence on the key stages of the immune response of plants
The article presents data on the occurrence of pathological forms of trunk in hardwood species in suburban and green area of the city of Voronezh. Based on the studies, we have considered a pathological feature complemented and differentiated
The article presents materials on studying distribution
and phytocenotic confinedness of relict steppe species
of Astragalus angarensis. Astragalus angarensis is the
endemic of the Angara region and Yakutia, it is a relict
species. Three small isolated fragments express the
area of species. The largest fragment was found in the
Angara region; the smallest two fragments are
occurred in the valley of the Lena river, in the southwest
Yakutia near Olekminsk and in the central
Yakutia, from Yakutsk to Bulgunnakhtaakh village.
Ecological and geobotanical characteristics of habit
area of Angara Astragalus is given; floristic content of
community is studied. The described desertificated
Krascheninnikovia, Psathyrostachys steppes and also
Festuca, Agropyron, Koeleria and Artemisia
communities with Astragulus angarensis confined to
slope habitats, characterized by poor floristic content
that gives evidence of low competitiveness of this
species
The author describes the dynamics of commercial
catches and the forecasts of pikeperch catch in 2010-
2016 with an analysis of the causes that affect the
state of stocks. The analysis of the effectiveness of
the recommended pikeperch catch has been made
taking into account the factors that affected the
fishery. Researches were carried out to study the
population structure, seasonal distribution, migrations
and other characteristics of the pikeperch populations
in the Azov limans. The obtained data made it
possible to assess the state of the pikeperch stocks
and give recommendations on their rational use.
Based on the results of ichthyological studies, the
pikeperch age, length and weight composition have
been determined and its biological state has been
studied. The preliminary forecast of the stocks and
the recommended pikeperch catch in the Azov limans
for 2018 is given. The forecast of the recommended
pikeperch catch in the Azov limans for 2018 is based
on the analysis of the stocks of commercial fish
species for a number of years of observations, taking
into account the total mortality rate under the
influence of the fishery load (commercial mortality
coefficient) and the amount of replenishment of
commercial population with fish mature for the first
time
In recent years, there is an increasing in crop losses from pests and diseases of plants worldwide. The use of different pesticides in intensive cultivation technologies of winter wheat can not resist it. Pathogenic microorganisms acquire resistance to drugs used and become more aggressive. This creates a lot of environmental problems. Plants are almost always under environmental stress. In this state, they are immunodeficient. However, it is impossible to reject pesticides completely. But pesticides are not able to replace the immune system of the plant, and in some cases are suppressing it. The article provides an overview of commonly used exogenous elicitors. We discuss the most important results of the joint use of the composition of preparations of eliciting action which are furolan and methionine. The present level of development of science has led to the emergence of new methods of plant protection, which is based on increasing the capacity of the immune plants, rather than the destruction of pathogens, as in the case of the use of pesticides. The yield increase by the use of biogenic elicitors as immunizers from 10 to 30% depending on the year, the varieties of plants and especially on infectious pathogens. The elicitors are used for soil treatment, seed soaking and plants, spraying the plants during the vegetation
The analysis of phenological phenomena of 9 tree and
shrub species and longevity of their vegetation activity
was made in Tomsk (southeastern West Siberian
Plain). Since 1969 until 2013 the start of the
phenological phenomena in the trees and shrubs
became to be earlier and the end did to be later. Trends
of the start of birch juice moving and flowering is
higher (–2.5–3.4 days/decade) than trends of leave
appearance, yellowing and falling (+2.5–1.3
days/decade) in the trees and shrubs. Dates of the start
of the phonological stages and the sums of
accumulated positive temperatures high correlate
between each other. The period of their general
vegetation activity increased by 20 days and active
vegetation activity did by 7 days