The purposeful analysis of the existing technologies for the agricultural products transportation in railway and sea communication is carried out. Unprecedented dynamics of changes in loading and the increase of export traffic via the ports provide nigh duty on railways. Especially complicated is the organisation of freight flows to the ports at the directions with intensive mixed (freight and passenger) traffic. As a result there is an annual grow of the cars set aside from the traffic. The search of solutions was fulfilled in areas with the shortage of capacity and processing capabilities of the infrastructure of various modes of transport. The proposed solutions aimed at maximizing the use of existing transport infrastructure during the transfer of freight from railway to sea transport. The efficiency evaluation of the redistribution of freight traffic between ports of one sea basin specializing in transshipment of agricultural products is calculated. The solutions aimed at automation of the decision-making process on the optimal organization of shipment and supply of shipload lots are proposed. The results obtained in the work with the approbation on the example of organization of transportations to ports of the Azov and the Black sea basin confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solutions and the possibility of reducing the cost of transport component in the price of grain products for export
At the present time there is a problem in storage
of agriculture machine-tractor park, because when
operating of agricultural machinery parts thereof
are covered by contamination. The most heavily
becomes dirty machinery working in the toughest
conditions. Pollution promotes decrease the
operational reliability, accelerating of corrosion
and aging, reduce the quality of maintenance
service and performance technique. One of the
number of important factors when setting
technique for storage is the clearing of by of
various types pollution, because the during
storage of cleaned surfaces, components and parts
are subjected still greater destruction and
corrosion. Removal of various kinds of pollution
is an important technological process which has a
significant impact on the preservation of
appliances, performance of work, the quality of
the repair and maintenance of cars, culture,
production and human health. The article contains
a classification of contamination depending on the
difficulty of their removal and density, basic
information on techniques and devices for
purification of units and parts of agricultural
machines, as well as on substances used for this.
We have reviewed bombardment of surfaces with
contaminated carbon dioxide ice particles that
leads to its full destruction. We have improved technology and created a universal device and the
experimental plant for cleaning parts and
assemblies prior to storage, which are not only
inferior, but also in the majority superior to
technical and economic performance of existing
analogues
The carried out analysis studies the influence of
various factors on the preservation of
agricultural products and shows that it is largely
determined by design features of machinery and
technological methods of use. The efficiency of
agricultural and mobile trailer machines has
been forming by service and storage. Low
quality of work associated with the storage of
agricultural machines is conditioned by the fact
that the lack of financial capacity of rural
producers on acquisitions of modern equipment
and materials for carrying out the preparation of
for long storage, and also the construction of
modern agricultural machinery storage sites. If
a car can be fully or partially protected from the
solar radiation, rain and snow, simply by
removing it in the room, under a canopy or
covered with a protective cover, by the
formation of condensation on the surface of the
machine units and parts these ways to protect
do not work. Enhancing of preservation of
agricultural machinery is possible when
protecting the vehicles from atmospheric
precipitation in the form of snow and rain,
influence of solar radiation, and also due to the
change heat exchange processes of the machine with the environment that prevents the
formation of moisture condensate on its surface,
ie. we have to create conditions when cooling
rate at which the surface of the machine would
be equal to or less the rate of cooling air. This is
possible through the use of a special design,
which would prevent the intense heat radiation
of the machine into the environment, ie, would
reflect heat rays using its surface and return
them to its surface and thus fulfill the role of the
heat shield
One of the promising directions of development of
agriculture of the Russian Federation is to increase
the production, improve the quality and decrease the
cost of potato cultivation. Annual cleaning is one of
the most intense and costly in transport and
technological processes. Potatoes - blending high
culture and very picky about cleaning. The highest
yields and income from potato production get where
embedded technology to optimize energy and labor
costs. The main (though not only) the special
technical means used during machine harvesting
potatoes, are potato harvesters. The main problem
when cleaning is a problem of balancing conflicting
requirements to the process and possibilities of
agricultural machinery. Including increasing the
purity of the tubers in the container with one hand,
minimization of losses and damages of tubers on the
other hand, when the performance of equipment. In
this article we propose a circuit-design solution
separating the working body of the potato harvester
that allow for cleaning to significantly reduce the
amount of traumatized potatoes in the process of
separating soil and vegetable impurities, creating the
preconditions for the elimination of damage to the
tubers on the hard side of the working bodies of
harvesting machines. Informed choice and timely use
of plug-in modules (separating working bodies) in
modern potato harvesting machines at work in
specific climatic conditions allows them to fully
match the list of regulated agronomic requirements.
Thus, the creation of new science-based technical
solutions for a separation of the organs of potato
harvesters is an actual scientific-technical task, which
makes a significant contribution to the development
of the country
In the world, recycling processes have recently
become more common in order to save material and
energy resources. Currently, in connection with the
level of motorization, there grew a problem of
recycling waste tires and their elements which is of great importance for many regions of the country.
Decommissioning worn tires is a source of
environmental pollution, bearing the prolonged
character; they are not a subject to biological
destruction and require constant increase of storage
facilities. There is a continuous accumulation of used
tires and we can recycle only about 20% of their
amount. Worn tires represent very large-capacity
products of polymer-containing waste, virtually
resistant to natural degradation. Therefore, the
problem of processing and secondary use, emerged
from the operation of tires is of great economic and
environmental significance. However, the worn tires
are a source of valuable secondary raw materials:
rubber, soot (essentially pure carbon), metal and
synthetic cord. 90% of all waste of rubber are tires
and represent a vast reserve of raw materials. In the
emerging in the industry nonrenew- material
resources the efficient use of secondary raw materials
is of great importance. There are improved
technologies for processing rubber goods, and the
equipment used for it
The system of the main handling of the soil on an agrolandscape basis in the conditions of Kuban is analyzed and in relation to it the technical supply promoting competitive production of crop production is proved. Conservation and expanded production of humus of the Kuban chernozems is possible only in case of observance of recommendations and the balanced biologically adaptive system of agriculture providing improvement of water and physical and chemical properties of the arable land in various agrolandscapes due to observance of crop rotations, the technology space, the boardless, surface and "zero" treatments with creation of a favorable phytosanitary situation, use of a crop residue remaining balance, green manure, a fertilizer, manure and composts. The application was recommended in the system and technicians of new generation with automated control systems and work quality control, the sparing tradable systems, admissible weight with use of navigation aids and GPS is proved. We have suggested a system machine for soil cultivation in the Kuban region, it radically changes technologies, reduces the nomenclative list of the used equipment, facilitates servicing and operation of machines, improves rhythm, threading of production processes and complexity of the performed works. All this promotes decrease in capital investments and a work gain in productivity. The offered technical supply of system of the main handling of the soil for conditions of the Krasnodar region is proved taking into account agrolandscapes and evidence-based system of agriculture, auxiliary the main component - resource-saving system of the tillage machines which are qualitatively carrying out agrorequirements, reducing costs and promoting the increased product competitiveness of crop production
The article deals with the issues of determining the
complexity of the project objectives, performance
evaluation of the project, as well as the question of the
distribution of specialists on problems
Widespread in autonomous systems, including
uninterrupted power supply systems, there are power
static (electronic) convertors: rectifiers and inverters,
used to match the parameters of the electric power
source and the load; they also have a function of voltage
stabilizers. Important question is the calculation of key
performance criteria at the design stage: power losses,
efficiency, reliability, weight and size (for electrical
transport systems). The article discusses the
methodology of the simplified calculation of the basic
criteria of efficiency of inverters and rectifiers. There
are schematic electrical diagrams of power rectifiers
and inverters, and the basic analytical expression for a
simplified calculation of the basic criteria of efficiency
of the converters, including their output filters. Each
year, we improve the technical characteristics of the
probes using new element base, allowing reducing the
level of electromagnetic interference generated by
power electronic devices. We have also shown
perspective directions of the development of power
converter technology by using one-phase and threephase
transformers with rotating magnetic field in their
creation (therefore we increase reliability of operation
and efficiency). A promising direction is the
construction of converters and autonomous systems in a
modular complex, where (in addition to increased
system reliability) we simplify its operation, including
service
Analysis of scientific literature has shown a promising
direction in energy saving and in increasing of
efficiency of power supplies remote from external
networks in Russia is the application of solar
photovoltaic power plants. The level of solar radiation
on the territory of Russia varies widely from 810
kWh/m2 per year in remote Northern areas to 1,400
kWh/m2 per year in southern areas. We have revealed
their main advantages and disadvantages of solar
photovoltaic power plants, as well as the purpose, basic
features, features selection and operation of inverters
and batteries. We have also given a generalized block
diagram of three types of solar photovoltaic power
plants: autonomous, standby, network. The peculiarities
of their work have been presented. To improve the
reliability of operation of solar power plants we need to
design them according to the modular principle.
Modular aggregation has to be applied for stand-alone
inverters, where the input and output filters, power
electronic circuit and system voltage regulation and
protection represent the functional module elements. It
is possible to increase significantly the reliability of
autonomous inverters and solar PV systems in the
complex, using one-phase and three-phase transformers
with rotating magnetic field in their design. The
advantages and the disadvantages, the peculiarities of
the solar PV plants discussed in the article will allow to
develop their structural and circuit designs with
improved maintenance characteristics in the future
The article is devoted to the use of complex computer programs called "Automated verification and final practice on determination of level of professional readiness of police officers to perform their tasks" - ASC "CONTROL" developed with the Delphe programming language. It describes the basic techniques of the automated testing with the use of the complex algorithms training testing database to use, as well as methods of reporting for testing. We describe how to work with the software modules of "Control" and "Analysis". The first is designed to create and edit a test database and processing of results of testing of the subjects. It is only used by the originator of the test and inspection and is not available for testing. The second module is available to everyone because it provides testing. It is implemented as a separate computer and local network. The number of test, at the same time is virtually unlimited. We clearly articulate the features of the use of the software complex, algorithms of creation of new test tasks, describe the setting options of the test database in detail, technology editing sections of the test, definition of assessment criteria, and describe the technologies of testing subjects. The Complex of computer programs of ASC "CONTROL" has passed the technical testing and successfully used in educational process of chair of computer technologies and systems of Kuban state agrarian University and the determination of the level of knowledge of cadets and police officers in Krasnodar University of MIA of Russia. In this regard, this work will be useful to drafters of test databases in this software environment