Present article is devoted to research of sorption
properties of various filtering materials. The various
types of filters, such as fabric, frame, granular filters
are considered. The principles of work of each type of
filters, feature and difference them from each other are
considered. The conditions of their application are
investigated. Process of filtering through a layer of
granular loading also is described. The physicochemical
parameters of some granular materials
including sand, hydroanthracite-Ð , granite road metal,
volcanic tuffs, and expanded vermiculite are given.
The comparison of oil capacity of some materials is
considered at their use as a filtering material and oil
collectors. We have described sorption features of
activated carbon, used as a filtering material for
clearing waters of petroleum and petroleum. The
article has a conclusion about their prospects and the
efficiency of application when fighting with petroleum
pollutions
The railroad warehouse has most important role in the delivery process of fertilizers to agricultural consumers. It acts as logistics intermediaries. The analysis of material flows has been done on the example of a typical provider of mineral fertilizers in the South of the Rostov region (CJSC «Zernogradagrohimservis») for the last 6 years. Income values and implementation values are varied during the year synchronously for all fertilizers types with the exception of a few months at the beginning and the end of the year. During most of the year the enterprise operates as a negotiable warehouse. In January-February and October-December ammonium nitrate accumulates as a seasonal inventory for the spring peak of implementation, in the rest of the year its reserves are insurance. Stocks of other fertilizers types are insurance stocks for most of the year, in May-July occurs a slight accumulation of their seasonal stocks. A significant portion of mineral fertilizers (especially ammonium nitrate) is delivered for small enterprises and individual farms by cars of this provider. According to the supply contracts, a one-car-run is performed for the vast majority of customers. Routes of delivery of fertilizers are either radial or pendulum (with reverse idle mileage). Therefore, the optimization of the delivery of fertilizers does not seem possible by methods such as obtaining the shortest route network, consolidation of suppliers for consumers, etc.
The article presents a constructive-technological
scheme of leaf separating apparatus for harvesting tobacco
leaves. We have performed a theoretical analysis
of the process of separating tobacco leaves from the
stalk. The dependences characterizing the trajectory,
speed and acceleration of an arbitrary point of the cutting
edge of the drum were obtained
Results of engineering and scientific search of
improvement of resource-saving machine technologies
of finishing and cleanup processing of cars details,
development of new camps and technologies are
presented. The possibility of low-frequency
fluctuations with big amplitude can be implemented
due to assembling flat or curvilinear elements on
external surfaces of the relative screw reel. The use of
computer modeling enabled us to obtain a relative
screw drum that provides not only giving movement to
loading masses with a big fluctuations amplitude, but
also compression of loading masses in the process of
their motion from loading to unloading. In such
machines increase in processing efficiency is reached
not only due to achievement of great movement
amplitudes values of the loading masses, but also at
the cost of compression of loading masses in
processing and intensity increase of their mixing. The
scheme of the machine for continuous processing with
mechanization of separation of details from working
environments particles is provided. Results of
researches of quality and surfaces micro hardness
change processed in the offered machines designs
show that details processing time makes 3-6 min
The article presents results of studies of the present state
of mechanization of tobacco harvesting. The aim of the
research was to assess the state of the technical
equipment of the tobacco farms in the current economic
conditions. We have performed an analysis of the
technologies of harvesting tobacco. Main problems of
harvesting tobacco leaves were shown. We have
analyzed the main constructive scheme of tobacco
harvesters used for different technologies of harvesting
tobacco leaves. The article gives main advantages and
disadvantages of the applied technical solutions and lists
tobacco harvesters used in foreign tobacco farms. A
disadvantage was the impossibility of adaptation to the
domestic types of tobacco. In the end, we have
developed a project for solving scientific and technical
problems of complex mechanization of technological
processes of preparation of plantations to drying process,
carrying out machine harvesting and preparing tobacco
leaves harvested by the machine. This involves three
stages. This will solve the problem of insufficient
technical equipment of production of raw tobacco
Water is the most important substance of the composition of all living organisms on our planet. Active industrialization of society has led to an increase in the amount of water consumed for the needs of the economy and to increase the volume of poorly treated sewage. In the twentieth century, during the arms race, the United States, the USSR, Britain, France, China, in the tests of nuclear weapons, the deuterium content in groundwater and surface waters has increased significantly. Formed in nuclear fission neutrons loose, falling into the nucleus of a hydrogen atom form a deuterium atom. In the last 70 years, the deuterium content of water bodies has increased by almost 30%. Natural ponds and rivers no longer cope with self-purification of polluted water. In most regions of the country there are restrictions on the use of natural sources of water for drinking and bathing. Only the rare mountain springs and meltwater mountain tops glaciers have pristine purity of water with a low content of deuterium. There is reliable information about the harmful effects of heavy water on biological objects and the possibility of reducing the deuterium content in tap water by technical means. A method of producing so-called "protium" steam distillation of water proven in practice is based on the famous kinetic isotope effect difference of light water boiling temperature (100 С) and heavy water (103 С), but this method is characterized by higher energy costs. It is not economically justified. Another method of forming the light water is electrolysis, which in spite of the considerable power consumption has prospects of implementation. Our job is to create a viable water separation technology with a different isotopic composition. The resulting improved technology for water with DDW will be widely used in the production of beverages and a variety of other foods
In the work we have developed a structural modeling
of the optimal choice of information security devices
in the design of automated systems in the protected
execution in the transition to network centric methods
of control of troops and weapons
Long-term storage of fruits can be achieved by means
of their special preparation by pre-treatment before
storage by electromagnetic fields of extremely low
frequency (ELF EMF). In the current study patterns of
influence of ELF EMF pre-treatment of fruits on the
effectiveness of reducing microbial contamination
during storage for the development of effective
technological modes of preparation of fruits before
storage are revealed. Qualitative and quantitative
characteristics of microbial contamination of the fruits’
surface were studied. Effective modes of fruits (apples
and pears) treatment by ELF EMF were established -
for apples: frequency - 22 Hz, current - 10 A for 40
minutes, and for pears: frequency - 26 Hz, current - 5 A
for 50 minutes, allowing to reduce to the maximum
extent the microbial contamination of their surface, and
also to reduce the loss of their weight from microbial
spoilage during storage. The terms of storage of
processed by ELF EMF fruits under refrigeration were
established - for apple varieties Idared and Golden
Delicious - within 8 months, for pear variety
Conference - for 7 months
In the author's interpretation we consider concepts and methods of science, such as science, knowledge, model, gnosticism and agnosticism, the principle of Ashby, facts, empirical regularity, empirical law, scientific law, and others. We have formulated the main problem of the science, concluding that cognitive abilities of a human are limited and do not provide effective knowledge in a very large volume of data. The solution to this problem is to look at ways of automation of scientific research. Traditionally, we use information-measuring systems and automated systems research (ASNI) for this. However, the mathematical methods used in these systems, impose strict impracticable requirements to the source data, which dramatically reduces the effectiveness and applicability of these systems in practice. Instead of having to submit to the source data impracticable requirements (like the normality of the distribution, absolute accuracy and complete replications of all combinations of values of factors and their full independence and additivity) automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) offers (without any pre-processing) to understand the data and thereby convert them into information and then convert this information to knowledge by its application to achieve targets (i.e. for controlling) and for solution for problems of classification, decision support and meaningful empirical research of the modeled subject area. ASC-analysis is a systematic analysis, considered as a method of scientific cognition. This is a highly automated method of scientific knowledge that has its own developed and constantly improving software tool – an intellectual system called "Eidos". The system of "Eidos" has been developed in a generic setting, independent of any domain and can be applied in all subject areas, in which people apply their natural intelligence. The "Eidos" system is a tool of cognition, which greatly increases the possibility of natural intelligence, just like microscopes and telescopes multiply the possibilities of vision (but in this case only if you have this possibility). The study proposes a new view of the models: phenomenological meaningful model, which is currently represented only by systemic cognitive models, and which is currently in the middle between empirical and theoretical knowledge. The system called "Eidos" is considered as a tool of automation of the learning process, providing meaningful synthesis of phenomenological models directly on the basis of empirical data
A number of small-sized machines for division of loose
materials on the basis of screw drums created with use
of engineering geometry and computer graphics
methods, in particular of the engineering geometry
section: curves and surfaces. In these machines, unlike
the known ones, the effect of the movement of bulks on
the curvilinear surfaces of screw reels with imposing of
low-frequency fluctuations from the vibrator on this
main movement is used. Such addition of two
movements does not only increase productivity, but also
provides self-cleaning of the sifting surfaces of screw
drums. The standard machine’s schemes are presented
with use of low-frequency fluctuations on the basis of
the screw drums made of several screw punched strips
with smooth screw lines on perimeter and also of screw
drums of only one of punched strips with various form of
cross section of the sifting surface