Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific and patent literature, possible options to reduce weight of electro technical steel in magnetic circuits of electrical machines are explored. A search for the best options for the manufacture of magnetic induction motors stators technology aimed at improving the utilization of electrical steel and improving the energy performance of electric machines is carried out. All the variants are described and illustrated in detail in the drawings. It is pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of each method of manufacturing magnetic wires and the reasons why certain suggestions of technology of manufacturing magnetic circuits have not been implemented in mass production. The main indicators characterizing the manufacturability of constructive decisions are recommended. Economic indicators have been put in the basis of the choice of the optimal variant while designing the electrical machine. An optimal variant should be considered the variant in which all the technical requirements at lowest total cost are met. The latter should be understood not only the cost of materials and machine manufacturers, but also the cost of operation. The dependence of the energy performance of motors with modular designs of stators from the manufacturing technology is pointed out. The existing technology of the most mass electric motors series production, the following disadvantages are typical: low coefficient of utilization of electro technical steel; high specific material capacity, the cost of technology and labor intensity of production; low labour productivity and level of automation of technological process. Due to the fact that the possibilities of increasing of the machines’ specific weight characteristics due to the usage of new magnetic and dielectric materials are exhausted, it is advisable to change the technology of electric motors production, moving away from the traditional design
This article is dedicated to the study of the
parameters of the artificial immune system for
solving the polymorphic viruses’ detection
problem. The goal is to define a vector of the
immune system parameters that would ensure the
minimum number of errors of the first kind, the
minimum number of errors of the second kind and
the maximum percentage of polymorphic viruses’
detection. That is, the most accurate classification
of them as a malicious code, in relation to any
theoretically possible vector of parameters of the
artificial immune system. A distinctive feature of
the studied artificial immune system is the use of a
class of genetic algorithms that provide more
efficient training of detectors. The configurable
parameters of the system are: the algorithm for
determining the proximity of the detector and the
pathogen, which can be realized by determining the
Levenshtein distance or by the method of adjacent
bits; as well as the method of implementing the
crossing-over operator, the method of implementing
the mutation operator, the method of implementing
the selection operator, the algorithm for
determining the proximity of the detector lines. In
addition, the article considers the expediency of
using a distributed network of several nodes, each
of which will have an immune system that will
exchange data with other nodes of the network. As
a result of the research, a set of optimal parameters
was obtained in which the system achieves the
maximum accuracy of recognition of polymorphic
viruses
A more efficient use of road transport can be reached both by increasing the carrying capacity of the car and the average speed on the road. Due to limiting the safe load on the axle of the vehicle, a more promising solution is to increase the average speed on the road. Restricting car traffic speed on the roads with asphalt-concrete surface is due to the traffic safety, defined as resistance, steerabililty, vibrations of steering wheels and braking dynamics of the vehicle. The first three factors are influenced by the functional characteristics of the suspension and the state of the road surface. The share of agricultural vehicles mealage on the roads with improved surface does not exceed 65%. Nowadays, 40% of traffic volume and 9% of transport mealage are due to the transportation from the field and to the field. The aim of this work was to study the vibrational load of the load-carrying system and the driver, as well as the vehicle speed during the harvest time. To carry out theoretical research we used mathematical model "vehicle-road" system proposed by V.P. Tarasik. As a result of research we obtained the dependence of the acceleration of the front axle on the vehicle speed. The results showed that the maximum acceleration of the front axle is observed at a speed V = 20 km / h, which corresponds to external influences 1.54 Hz (9.7 rad/sec). The peak values of the vertical acceleration amounted to 5.80 m/s 2. The correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparing the results of theoretical and experimental research in the mode of uniform motion. The experimental determination of the vibrations of the vehicle sprung mass was carried out using the sound level meter and spectrum analyzer OKTAVA-101 AM, which is equipped with a vibrational pickup AP 98. The given calculations showed that the relative error of the results of theoretical and experimental research is 3.94%, the average value of an error at a confidence coefficient of P = 0.95 is 4.76%, which confirms the correctness of the mathematical model. The studies showed that if the speed is between 14 to 40 km / h, the vibrational load on the driver is from 1.42 m/s 2 to 2.82 m/s 2, that is 2.5 ...3.5 times the sanitary standards set by the requirements of the CH 2.2.4/2.1.8.566 - 96
The article is devoted to solving one of the major
problems in electric power industry, which is to
simplify and improve the accuracy of simulation and
calculation modes of complex electrical systems with
using the frequency characteristics of the elements of
the power system in generalized vector space. Article
has an exploratory character, which is expressed that
mathematical models of static elements of an electrical
network are considered in the form of transfer functions
of dependence of conduction on the frequency. A
number of the provisions of article has scientific
originality which is in the approach to the choice of the
coordinate system for modeling static elements. It is
offered the mathematical models air and cable
transmission lines, generalized load, single reactors
generalized vector space for analysis of steady and
transient modes. As an example was calculated family
of real and imaginary parts of the frequency
characteristics of the AC-70 line with different values
of the length, lines with different section (AC-70, AC-
95, AC-120), generalized load with different ratios of active and reactive power, various types of single
reactors. Offered mathematical models allow exploring
different symmetric modes of electric networks using
more efficient mathematical apparatus
Algorithms and constructing schemes of trusted
pseudorandom number generators (PRNG) based on
multivalued codes of residue number system are
presented. An algorithm for numerical control of the
operation of arithmetic adder Zm, differing by the
introduction of various rules for performing the
operation of "forming" of the overflow flag bit and the
correction operation of the supervision data adjusting
is developed. A scheme for local control of the adder
Zm, which differs from the known by introduction of
the overflow flag bit generation scheme and
accounting scheme of the supervision data adjusting is
constructed. End-to-end monitoring scheme of
modular adder control and key storage device (KSD)
for holding the crypto key with residual class code is
constructed. The proposed scheme differs from the
known by additional memory page, overflow flag bit
generation scheme and by accounting scheme of the
supervision data adjusting. The results of a
comparative evaluation of the developed pattern for
local and end-to-end monitoring of modular adder
control with hardware redundancy are provided. Based
on the results of the comparative evaluation it is
expedient to use the modular control method in order
to increase the reliability of the PRNG. At the same
time, the developed algorithms and end-to-end
monitoring schemes ensure elimination of the fracture
areas in the control and expansion of fragments of the
local (intermediate) PRNG control with minimal
hardware and time redundancy. Application field of
the developed algorithms and control schemes are
digital devices with cryptographic functions
The article deals with the study of vehicles impact on
the environment, since one of the main causes of air
pollution are cars with internal combustion engines.
One of the most important measures in the fight for
clean air is the creation of an environmentally
friendly transport. From this point of view, the most
promising is the electric car, as the only solution to
the problem of atmospheric pollution. In this article,
the history of the development of modern electric
vehicles, the advantages and disadvantages of their
design, as well as the possibility of introducing
electric vehicles into everyday life are considered.
After the analysis, it was concluded that, in spite of
the obvious advantages and the huge path that electro
mobiles went through in their development,
humanity is still not ready to refuse from cars with
internal combustion engines, opting for electric
vehicles
The article deals with normative legal documents, regulating safety indicators of equipment, with particular focus on woodworking machinery, including log-processing equipment. General and specific requirements have been highlighted in terms of their analyses. The necessity of safety requirements’ specification in technical guidelines, with reference to construction of industry-specific trend equipment, according to newly accepted national, interstate and international standards for purposes of conformity assessment. Nonconformities were determined on the terms in Technical Guidelines of the Customs Union 021/2011, fundamental documents for woodworking equipment GOST EH 1070 and GOST ISO 12100. Relevant topic issues are declared in this work. Manufactures consider them when risk valuation is performed in point of existing equipment and that, under development non-standard equipment, connected with diversity of normative documents, absence of information about customers’ experience, accidents while operating comparable machinery, etc. The paper emphasizes complications, which participants of standard programs face, namely, development contractors and users, accredited test laboratories and certification bodies, state oversight authorities, when woodworking machinery conformity assessment is performed. The suite of safety metrics was suggested for valuation of log-processing equipment and two-level log frames, particularly, on the basis of technical guidelines requirements TG CU 021/2011 “On machinery and equipment safety”, and standards GOST EH 1070, GOST 12.2.026.0, GOST R 5454123 and GOST R 51898. The necessity of standard realization was demonstrated in relevance to obsolete methods of control over equipment (geometric and technology accuracy). GOST 10294 was accepted in 1990 and hasn’t been actualized since that time. That is the reason why it seems impossible to estimate equipment condition, as recommended monitoring facilities are missing
The article gives results of research of the process of
abrasive wear of samples made of Steel 45, U10 and
with applied composite surface layer "nickelmulticomponent
material with shape memory effect
(SME) based on TiNi". For the tests we have chosen
TiNiZr, which is in the martensite state and
TiNiHfCu, which is in the austenitic state at the test
temperature. The formation of the surface layer was
carried out by high-speed gas-flame deposition in a
protective atmosphere of argon. In the wear test,
Al2O3 corundum powder was used as an abrasive. It is
shown that the wear rate of samples with a composite
surface layer of multicomponent materials with an
SME is significantly reduced in comparison with the
base, which is explained by reversible phase
transformations of the surface layer with an SME.
After carrying out the additional surface plastic
deformation operation (SPD), the resistance of the
laminated composition to abrasion wear is greatly
enhanced, due to the reinforcing effect of the SPD. It
is recommended for products working in conditions of
abrasive wear and high temperatures to use the
complex technology of formation of the surface
composition "steel-nickel-material with high-temperature EPF", including preparation of the surface
of the substrate and the deposited material, VGN in
the protective atmosphere of argon, followed by SPD
The article deals with the reliability of the functioning of the equipment of the power supply substation, and the determination of the probability of uninterrupted supply of electricity to consumers. The following are presented: models of failures of separators, models of short-circuit failures, models of failures of disconnectors. Two statistical series for sudden and gradual failures are singled out. The reliability theory is shown as the main distribution of fail-safe time for sudden failures. The conclusions on the presented models are made and the suggestions on introduction into production are given. According to the presented models, it is possible to judge the reliability of the station's operation, which is necessary for implementing measures to improve the reliability of electricity supply in network companies
One of the main ways to increase the economic efficiency and environmental safety of the food industry is the introduction of low-waste and non-waste technologies. A vivid example of the technologies of this group is the production of pectin and pectin products from processing residues for food needs of plant objects - various fruits. We have developed a number of ways of obtaining pectin products from unconventional raw materials objects and on their basis we propose technologies for obtaining commodity pectin and pectin extracts from fruit shells of soya, sainfoin, castor oil, tunga and black nuts. For the purpose of operational analytical control of the pectin complex of the listed raw materials, two methods have been proposed, one of which is presented in the article. The presented technique allows determining the amount of pectin by its fractions at any company of pectin production with minimum expenditure of labor and energy. The methodology is implemented as follows. We dry paper folded filters to constant weight. Standardized solutions of protopectin and hydratopectin are prepared. Samples are taken. Then we neutralize the acid solution of protopectin solution and saponize the pectin substances in the analyzed solutions with 40% NaOH solution for 15 minutes. After that, the pectic substances are precipitated with concentrated HCl and the precipitates are filtered. Then the precipitates on the filters are repeatedly washed with cold distilled water to completely remove the chlorine ions. Filters with precipitation are dried to constant weight. The mass fraction of fractions of pectin substances is calculated by formulas for hydratopectin and protopectin alone. The method as a whole makes it possible to improve the accuracy of the results of determining the mass fraction of pectic substances in plant raw materials, to reduce labor and time costs, and to exclude the use of specific equipment