The organic agriculture is an important issue for sustainable development and food quality production. For this reason we analyzed the data on land use in organic production and the volume of the market for organic products in Europe and Russia. The motivation of farmers and the driving factors for the transition to organic farming methods in developed countries and the role of subsidies have been shown. The analysis of the state of organic production in Germany has been carried out. In 2013, Germany reported 23484 organic farms, which represent 8.2% of agricultural production and the total cultivated area 1,045 Mio. ha. In organic production are involved 9 national associations with their own logos, integrated by 12250 farms (52.2%), and the remaining 11 234 biofarms (47.8%) use the EU-bio logo. Over the past years there has been observed a significant increase in organic livestock production; e.g. during 2007-2012 milk, poultry meat and eggs production were increased by 58.3, 60,6 and 108.7% respectively. Price of bio eggs in November 2014 was 55.6% higher than in free-range system and 100% higher than in floor housing system. Obviously, organic production is an efficient production system capable of ensuring the economic well-being of rural areas. For further expansion of this sector in Russia is necessary to develop the economic incentives, which encourage conversion from conventional, farming to organic production. Also, it is necessary to raise awareness of producers and consumers about the quality of organic products
This article notes that agricultural production is not a self-regulating system. The article highlights specific features of agricultural production and forms of ownership of the major productive resource – land, ineffective policies of promoting development and introduction of innovative technologies. It is noted that the system of measures and tools of state regulation of agricultural production have two directions of influence: governmental regulation of the agricultural market mechanism and industrial governmental support for manufacturers. The authors give classification of methods and instruments of state regulation, liberalization of the agricultural sector in the WTO, levels of aggregate support for agriculture; as well as identifies the key growth areas of the governmental support and discusses the basic institutions of governmental regulation: ownership, legal Institute of economic management and the Institute of organization management. It's pointed out that the current dynamics of the development of agricultural production in our country is determined by four major external factors: the Institute of Western sanctions imposed against our country, Russia's integration into the international market by joining the World Trade Organization, the functioning of the Single Economic Space within the Customs Union, and the necessity of solving problems of import substitution and food security of our country. Implementation of these methods requires significant institutional transformation and transition into the new levels of legal, commercial, and economic regulation with observance of equitable international cooperation. In conclusion, the authors discuss an insufficient level of development stimulation in domestic agriculture
The article considers the current state of production
of grain crops in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
The analysis of gross collection, structural shifts,
sowing area and yield of grain crops over the past
five years is being carried out. Also, the application
of mineral and organic fertilizers to crops of cereals
is being investigated, since their application is of
great importance for obtaining high and stable
harvests of grain crops. Based on the results of the
analysis, conclusions were drawn and ways of
development of grain production in the republic were
outlined
The article contains data of the phyto-sanitary status of vineyards in Russia. The dominant pests and trends in species composition of entomofauna patosystems of ampelocenosis are represented
In the article we have presented the results of cultivation of apple-tree gardens with the application of Buton and Mival-agro growth regulators and their efficiency on grades of all terms of maturing. Positive action of preparations on grades of all terms of maturing has been noted
Sorghum is a source of concentrated, succulent and
coarse forage. Its grain is used for making the mixed
fodder and as the concentrated forage for swine, cows,
sheep, horses and poultry. Sweet sorghum is successfully
used for silage and haylage. Green chop of Sudan grass
is used as fresh food for domestic animals and it’s used
for making hay and silage. The nutritional value of the
fodder is the way to meet the animal needs in nutrients,
necessary for living. To determine the nutritional value
of the fodder, oat fodder units and energy fodder units or
exchange energy are used. At present the assessment of
nutritional value according to fodder units is being
revised, because it doesn’t give the true picture of the
value of fodder nutrition and animal needs in nutrients.
The general energetic nutritional value of fodder is
considered as contents of all organic substances, supplied
with fodder or with its energy. The nutritional value of
fodder is valued according to the characteristics of its
chemical composition, digestion of nutrients and general
(energetic) nutritional value. The purpose of the work is
to assess the nutritional value of fodder, obtained from
the best sorghum varieties, as the food for different kinds
of agricultural animals. Sorghum, used as fodder for
poultry possesses the largest nutritional value. Among
the grain sorghum varieties, the variety ‘Zernogradskoe
88’ has got the biggest value of fodder units. The green
chop of Sudan grass and green fodder for silage of sweet
sorghum possess the greatest nutritional value for swine.
The varieties of Sudan grass ‘Krasava’ and ‘Arkadiya’
and the variety of sweet sorghum ‘Listvenit’ are the best
varieties according to the contents of fodder units
The article contains the experience of the development
of the methodology and the computer program for
calculation of regional and local systems of pigs
hybridization at the example of the Rostov region
(Russia). Crossing the GP lines for F1 should be
organized in multiplier farm, which may be separate
farms and to be part of large commercial farms. For
the production of F1 in a multiplier farm, we must
breed a purebred specialized paternal and a maternal
line, selected on the effect of combining ability. For
the successful functioning of the system of
hybridization, it is necessary to build a genetic
pyramid, including breeding and genetic centers
(nucleus farm), multiplier farm, reproducing the
baseline. The article gives a detailed calculation of sow
population of levels of P, GP, GGP for maternal and
paternal breeds of pigs. The program uses user-defined
parameters of pigs productivity, of the simulated
population, and the parameters characterizing the
intensity of selection of young animals. To ensure
annual production of 1,822 million pigs in the Rostov
region it is necessary to provide the availability of
brood stock in the amount of 89 thousand heads, 6 800
heads in the structure of grandparent flocks (GP), 730 heads in the structure of the Grand-Grand-parent stock
(GGP), excluding sows second maternal and paternal
breeds
The technique of simulation of thermal processes in a container planting has been presented. The information about the distribution of the temperature inside the container has been obtained. The comparative analysis of single and double (pot-in-pot) containers has been done
The article analyzes the state of the domestic beekeeping.
It is proposed, as a paradigm of the industrial
beekeeping, to use honey and pollination systems.
Over the past 25 years, because the hard economic
reforms in the public sector, there was almost double
reduction of honey collection. Russian beekeeping is in
the hard situation because of the low yields and the use
of outdated technologies. Russia's share in the global
honey market does not exceed 1 %. A more viable
was apiaries of private households. Beekeepers receive
a basic income from the sale of honey. Meanwhile, in
developed countries more than 60% of the income of
integrated use of honeybees account for pollination
activities. In modern conditions of the Russian vector
of development of beekeeping should be its production
and technological re-equipment, improving its bioecological
principles and socio - economic transformation
of the infrastructure sector. Using mobile honey-
pollination systems, which provide bees with feed
conveyor due to the frequent movement of the apiary,
honey plant and beekeepers can reduce the cost of
manual labor for loading and unloading hives. In the
Kuban Agrarian University we designed the pavilion
design (RF patent number 2,284,103 ), awarded with a
silver medal of Concours Lepine (France, Paris ). Using
a mobile pavilion allows to conduct all production
functions: honey and pollination production and reproduction,
ensuring the competitiveness of the industry
The efficiency of replacement of sunflower oilcake by rapeseed oilcake from double-zero rapeseed varieties was proved for mixed fodders for pigs