The article reviews food security issues of Russia
under foreign sanctions and the state of food products
production and consumption in the Russian
Federation. Food security is considered as a major
factor of political and socio-economic stability of any
country, with Russia a no exception. However, it has
become one of the largest net food importers, chiefly
due to its agrarian sector weakness. The present paper
discusses major challenges of the agricultural industry
and necessary conditions for import substitution, gives
a definition to food security and analyzes Russian food
security in the terms of crisis. The authors assess
prospects for import substitution by domestic goods,
examine regional food production sectors and define
food-sufficiency level of the Russian population.
The article consequently infers that successful import
substitution rather than a redistribution of significant
import flows of agricultural products between
exporting countries requires a relatively long period,
which constitutes more than one or two years.
It is revealed, that Russian domestic production level
is insufficient for provisioning its population, which is
the main cause of the country importing necessary
amount of food from abroad. According to medical
norms, in spite of the positive consumption dynamics
of basic food products, the population does not receive
a significant amount of animal protein, vegetables and
fruit, and in a number of cases, the quality of food is
extremely low. In the article production of basic food
products, as well as average daily household food
rations per capita in terms of their energy and protein
value are subjected to analysis. Moreover, the article
gives an estimate to the Russian food import rates. It
studies the annual consumption of basic food products,
the dynamics of household expenditures share on food
and the number of Russian population whose incomes
are below the subsistence minimum
The cooperation and agroindustrial integration
development are important directions of agrofood
market growth. The article deals with the economic
benefits of cooperation and agroindustrial
integration, the cooperation system and forms in
agroindustrial complex, the creation principles
and economic efficiency of cooperatives
In the given article methodical bases of the analysis
and an estimation of a financial condition of agrarian
formations are considered, the revealed lacks of a
traditional technique of the analysis of a financial
condition of the agricultural organizations are
presented. Imperfection of the technique leads to
inexact estimations of liquidity of turnaround actives,
the balance sheet, financial stability, sources of
financing which can be the factor of acceptance of
irrational administrative decisions in use of financial
resources. The technique of a rating estimation of a
financial condition of the agricultural organization is
approved. Directions of strengthening of a financial
condition of the agrofirm are proved
Under modern conditions of functioning of the agrarian
sector of Russian economy, which are described
with the need to increase the output of the agricultural
production in order to ensure import substitution and
food safety, it is necessary to analyze the state of the
agricultural economy of the regions of the country and
the prospects of its development on the innovative
basis. To solve the problems faced by the Kuban
farmers the comprehensive long-term anti-crisis program
of the sustainable development of the agrarian
sector of the economy of the region is being developed.
It is revealed that the high potential of the increasing
output and the economic efficiency growth in
the industry is built into the production concentration
and the formation of large agricultural holding companies,
where agricultural production, processing and
sales of products are combined. The necessity of the
creation of the "Special program of small agribusiness
development" is mentioned. Relying on foreign experience
and the experience of the unique enterprise
"Konitek-South" Ltd., involved in the purchase of the
agricultural products from farmers and the public, and
selling it in dozens of Russian regions, the authors
propose the optimal variant of the wholesale markets
organization. The need to strengthen the government
role in the further development and reforming of the
agrarian sector of the economy, in the regulation of the
agricultural wholesale markets and in the small business
development, in the improvement of its competitiveness
and investment attractiveness is emphasized
Current horticulture is a complex system of fruit crops
cultivation based on the integrated using of material,
labor, natural and financial resources. Horticulture is
an important part of agriculture because of the high
nutritional value of its products. The fruits are used
fresh and as raw material for canning, wine and other
industries. Modern methods of processing and freezing
of products are making possible to save its nutritional
value and extend the period of consumption. The main
problem of the horticultural industry is providing the
population with fresh, high quality fruits and products
of their processing. Horticulture is in a state of dynamic
changes associated with the economic situation in
the region. The authors assessed the current status of
horticulture in the Republic of Tajikistan, revealed the
problems in the functioning of the industry in the current
economic conditions. As a result of scientific investigation
the authors have proved the impact of the
financial-credit, tax, price factors, level of competition,
investment policy. The authors identified promising
directions of improving the efficiency of horticulture
and found the advantages of intensive technology
of fruit crops cultivation. The implementation of these
arrangements will help to ensure the country's food
security and agricultural development
The article examines the characteristics and the efficiency
of modern organizational and economic mechanisms
of the spread of high-tech technologies and products of
double application, identifying the most promising areas
of improvement and progressive development, is determined
by their role in attracting additional funding for
national and international innovative projects and programs
Information of the world and national economies
significantly alter the role and importance of expertise
in enterprise activity. Expert evaluation of the quality
of modern innovative software products is playing an
increasingly important role in the justification of
management decisions with their use. That is why the
expert function is one of the most important and
recognized not only in science but also in the practical
production and business operations of many
businesses. The article shows the possibility of
adapting method unit testing as a tool for peer
evaluation of the quality level of the development of
innovative software products. The article covers
application of criteria for coverage decisions and
conditions, as well as a criterion of combinatorial
coverage for the most complete set of tests and
accurate expert assessments. The substantiation of the
existence and validity of the use of the method of unit
testing capabilities for expert assessments of
innovative software products was also given. We have described the sequence of process of peer review for
incremental (step by step), and non-incremental
approach to testing of modern innovative software
products, as well as identifying their strengths and
weaknesses. It is concluded that the incremental
approach is preferable to use the method of unit testing
for the expert assessments of projects and programs for
the creation of innovative products, services and
technologies
In modern conditions, housing and communal services,
on the one hand, the urgent need of carrying out a
comprehensive mo-modernization of the entire infrastructure,
and on the other hand, with the intensification
of the implementation of innovations manufacturing
techniques, it can be one of the points of sustainable
growth and development of domestic economic.
These circumstances determine the relevance scope of
this article. The article identifies the main control
housing and communal services – housing fund as well
as the composition of the institutional agents carrying
out its operation. It was found that the current management
practice does not meet the requirements of the
market and fundamentally change the conditions of financial
and economic activities of its institutional
agents, and the results of ongoing reforms in this area cannot be considered satisfactory. We defined targets
development of innovative potential of housing and
communal services, and its compliance with the investment
activity of its institutional agents. We revealed
the most significant changes, which should be
based on the innovative vector of development of this
sphere. We substantiated composition of quantitative
and qualitative indicators of the system for conformity
assessment of the innovative capacity of the sphere of
housing and communal services of the investment activity
of its institutional agents. The article substantiates
the need to develop science-based concept of innovative
development and comprehensive modernization
of the infrastructure of housing and communal
services and the feasibility of pilot innovative projects.
It is concluded that the successful implementation of
pilot innovative projects can become the starting point
for turning the sphere of housing-communal services,
but one of the stable points of growth of the domestic
economy
Assessment of activity of process, in the first instance
– this is a set operations the selection nomenclature of
exponents and their definition of values and their
comparison with basic exponents. Relating to scientific
institute performance evaluation of the scientific and
technical activities – this is definition of qualitative
criteria evaluation of this activities, their quantitative
reflection, as also relative assessment of their
dynamics. In article considered questions assessment
of scientific and technical and innovative activity in
relation to branch of fruit growing, and, in fact, to the
branch level of system of innovative activity in agroindustrial
complex of the region. Groups and criteria of
estimated indicators of activity of the subject of
scientific and technical activity are defined: indicators
of production potential, knowledge base, research shots
and instrument base. Expediency of formation of
innovative processes on the basis of branch subjects of
scientific and technical activity is proved. As the main
subject of scientific and technical activity of the branch
of fruit growing of the agro-industrial complex of
Krasnodar territory we defined the scientifically
research establishment North Caucasian zone research
institute of gardening and wine growing. The detailed
analysis and assessment of scientific and technical and
innovative activities of scientific institution North
Caucasian zone research institute of gardening and
wine growing for groups and criteria of estimated
indicators is submitted. It is revealed that the provided
analysis and an assessment of productivity of
innovative activity isn't sufficient and demands
addition with the assessment indicators displaying
process of transformation of scientific potential in
effect – a scientific and technical product
The article is devoted to solving such a topical issue as a
stimulating of rural territories and commodity production
development in the small forms of management in
Krasnodar region. The work states, that despite the
existence of the different forms of the state support
programs for native farmers, any significant positive
shifts in development of rural areas, standard of living of
the rural population are still not observed. The basis of
the author offers is the rationale for a series of
institutional reforms, namely a review of the nature and
forms of cooperation between regional and local
authorities with small forms of management. An
expediency of the formation of the municipal consumer
cooperatives based on municipal and mixed ownership
was also explained. As a basis for the arguments, the
authors have used the ideas of the founder of
institutionalism Thorsten Veblen. He wrote in his works,
that evolution is accompanied by institutional changes
by selecting and consolidation of the forms of behavior
which are most conducive to the survival and prosperity
of the entire community , and social evolution is nothing
else than a process of selection and adaptation of the
ways of thinking under the influence of the
circumstances of people living together. Adaptation of
the ways of thinking is the development of the institutes.
These provisions reflect the expediency of forming of
additional and relevant institutions, contributing to
improve the quality of regional management of rural territories development