Name
Uspensky Ivan Alekseevich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Web site url
—
—
Articles count: 52
Gardening is one of the high-value and highly profitable
branches of agriculture. However, the level of fruit
production in Russia still lags far behind the needs of
the population: 20-25 kg of fruits and berries per year
are grown per capita, which is a quarter of the minimum
consumption rate. Currently, domestic gardening has a
low efficiency due to non-compliance with the criteria
of world production of fruits. The production of gardens
is not competitive enough and does not meet the
requirements of the highest quality categories of
domestic standards. To increase fruit production, it is
necessary to increase the level of intensification of fruit
growing using the most valuable varieties and
progressive technologies of cultivation. In this article,
we consider devices for soil content in orchards, as well
as for pruning trees - the main agrotechnical techniques
in the technology of growing pomegranate crops that
promote the production of stable, optimal harvests of
fruit crops. The universal device of fruits is also covered, which makes it possible to reduce labor costs
during the laying, care and harvesting of the fruit
garden. The wide development of intensive
technologies for growing fruits adapted to specific
climatic conditions and ensuring a high level of
competitiveness and profitability of production is one of
the necessary conditions for the further development of
gardening in Russia
The transportation process plays an important role in the
delivery of agricultural products to the consumer. On
how well the fruits are preserved, their grade will
depend, and, consequently, the price of them. It is
known, that the annual damage from losses of
agricultural products in the agro-industrial complex
amounts to 8 billion rubles, according to various
estimates. A large number of different factors affect the
safety of fruits during transportation: temperature,
humidity, smoothness of the vehicle, type of container,
etc. The more factors will have a negative impact on
fruit and vegetable products, the more losses will
ultimately be. The appearance of dents and abrasions on
the fruits gives rise to the formation of foci of rot,
leading to damage to the transported products, and, as a
consequence, reducing the grade. In order to reduce the
losses of fruit and vegetable products in the process of
transportation, the USSR and the Russian Federation
have been and are working on the creation of containers
and ways of transporting pomegranates. All of them, according to the authors, are able to reduce the dynamic
loads that arise during the transportation process and
have a negative impact on the transported products.
However, due to various circumstances in commercial
gardening all these developments have not been
extended
The article examines the issues of increasing the efficiency of the system of technical operation of mobile agricultural machinery by means of monitoring the state of units and aggregates of the latter through diagnostics. The problems of complex diagnostics of diesel fuel equipment are investigated. The urgency of diagnosing a fuel injection pump without dismantling from the engine is shown from technical, economic and environmental points of view. The effect of operational malfunctions of some devices of fuel equipment on parameters of its operation as a whole is analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of diagnostic devices application, their grouping is suggested. The parameters to be studied in connection with peculiarities to decide whether it is possible to estimate the technical state of the fuel injection pump without dismantling from the internal combustion engine are indicated. Based on peculiarities of the fuel injection pump technical state estimation, a research program is developed and the results of the research are presented. Specific features of testing the fuel injection pump are indicated. Analysis of the results of the research shows that a smaller error in the change of the cyclic fuel feed rates supplied by the fuel injection sections takes place at the engine speed corresponding to the indicated power. The conclusion is made that the presented research results can be used as a basis for developing a technique (technology) for diagnosing the fuel injection pump without dismantling from the internal combustion engine
Potato has been and remains one of the five world's
most important crops. For nearly two hundred years
potato in Russia is the "second bread". This is one of
the so-called social products. Over the past 20 - 25
years of potato farming in our country, there have been
significant changes, both positive and negative. Today,
potatoes are grown in different soil and climatic
conditions in more than one hundred countries around
the world, including the desert oasis and beyond the
polar circle. Potato cultivation Center recently has
moved to Asia. In our time, the leaders of potato
production are China, Russia, India, the US and
Ukraine. Over the past few decades the number of
produced potatoes has increased by 41% and the area under potato planting only 9.5%. From the above data
it is clear that the world potato economy in recent
years has got significant changes, indicating that the
timeliness and relevance of the material in this article
is true
The role of transport in agricultural production is
considerable. It is a connecting link in a single
technological chain of agroindustrial complex of the
country. The successful production activity of
agricultural enterprises depends largely on the proper
use of available forces and means. One of such means
is machine-tractor fleet relating to technical basis of
agricultural production. Its functioning is reflected in
the whole cycle of production, from planting and
ending with cleaning. Therefore, the use of the
machine and tractor must ensure receipt of the
highest possible efficiency at the lowest cost, as
production cost agricultural production includes in its
membership the costs of mechanized and transport
works, which should be kept to a minimum. In this
regard, transport processes should be carried out the
most rational means. Rational application of those or
other vehicles is based on ratios of basic load ratings,
adaptability to the changing road conditions, terrain,
improving functionality, improved adaptation to
technical operation in the conditions of agricultural
production. When choosing a vehicle, special
attention must be paid to the size of the economy, the
direction of its activities, the structure of commodity
products, and the degree of its centralization. For
successful economic activities of the agricultural
enterprise it requires a different carrying capacity and
terrain vehicles. At present, the majority of the
automobile park of agricultural enterprises is cars and
trains of general purpose, which have large load
capacity and low permeability. In the agricultural
enterprises of the Ryazan region today there are about
4.5 thousand commercial vehicles, mostly models of GAZ, KAMAZ and ZIL. The issue of reducing the
cost of transport operation should be individualized
for each sector because of its distinctive features
(activity, volume of traffic, the structure of
commodity production, the state of farm roads, etc.)
The role of transport in agricultural production
is significant. It is the connecting link in the
technological chain of the agro-industrial
complex (of the APC). On-farm transport in the
APC together with cars and tractor transport are
widely used. The rationality of the use of
wheeled tractors for farm transport substantiates
the possibility of their movement on asphalt and
on dirt roads. The specific gravity of the tractor
transport in the domestic agriculture is 22-27%
of the total volume of transport and 50-60% of
the volume of farm traffic. A high level of use of tractor transport has been observed in the
countries of Western Europe and the USA. In
the farms of leading countries of Western
Europe (Germany, Italy, France, etc.) about 70-
90% on-farm transport of agricultural goods is
done by tractor transport. Tractor transport in a
live environment is running on roads with
varying terrain, a wavy profile cover, on soils
with different hardness and humidity. When
driving vehicles at high speeds, the trailer is
wobbling from side to side, constantly
accompanying tractor transport during its
operation. As a result, it is bad for propulsion,
transmission, and it deteriorates the dynamic
performance properties of equipment, working
conditions of the operator. To reduce the
amplitude of oscillations of the trailer, the
operator is forced to work strenuously with the
steering wheel or to slow down the speed,
which in turn affects operator fatigue, as well as
the performance and maneuverability of the
vehicle. Thus, advanced technologies in
electronics, sensor technology and software will
determine the nature of agro-technical
innovations and will lead to increased
automation of business processes in crop
production with the aim to organize the work
more effectively, efficiently, accurately,
environmentally friendly and economically
feasible. When working with intelligent
technologies, understanding the development of
high-tech, precision engineering requires a
revision to the personnel policy and education
in agriculture, which should be based on the
relevant organization of farms and their proper
new type engineering solutions
One of the promising directions of development of
agriculture of the Russian Federation is to increase
the production, improve the quality and decrease the
cost of potato cultivation. Annual cleaning is one of
the most intense and costly in transport and
technological processes. Potatoes - blending high
culture and very picky about cleaning. The highest
yields and income from potato production get where
embedded technology to optimize energy and labor
costs. The main (though not only) the special
technical means used during machine harvesting
potatoes, are potato harvesters. The main problem
when cleaning is a problem of balancing conflicting
requirements to the process and possibilities of
agricultural machinery. Including increasing the
purity of the tubers in the container with one hand,
minimization of losses and damages of tubers on the
other hand, when the performance of equipment. In
this article we propose a circuit-design solution
separating the working body of the potato harvester
that allow for cleaning to significantly reduce the
amount of traumatized potatoes in the process of
separating soil and vegetable impurities, creating the
preconditions for the elimination of damage to the
tubers on the hard side of the working bodies of
harvesting machines. Informed choice and timely use
of plug-in modules (separating working bodies) in
modern potato harvesting machines at work in
specific climatic conditions allows them to fully
match the list of regulated agronomic requirements.
Thus, the creation of new science-based technical
solutions for a separation of the organs of potato
harvesters is an actual scientific-technical task, which
makes a significant contribution to the development
of the country
In the world, recycling processes have recently
become more common in order to save material and
energy resources. Currently, in connection with the
level of motorization, there grew a problem of
recycling waste tires and their elements which is of great importance for many regions of the country.
Decommissioning worn tires is a source of
environmental pollution, bearing the prolonged
character; they are not a subject to biological
destruction and require constant increase of storage
facilities. There is a continuous accumulation of used
tires and we can recycle only about 20% of their
amount. Worn tires represent very large-capacity
products of polymer-containing waste, virtually
resistant to natural degradation. Therefore, the
problem of processing and secondary use, emerged
from the operation of tires is of great economic and
environmental significance. However, the worn tires
are a source of valuable secondary raw materials:
rubber, soot (essentially pure carbon), metal and
synthetic cord. 90% of all waste of rubber are tires
and represent a vast reserve of raw materials. In the
emerging in the industry nonrenew- material
resources the efficient use of secondary raw materials
is of great importance. There are improved
technologies for processing rubber goods, and the
equipment used for it
The role of transport in agricultural production
is considerable. It is a connecting link in a
single technological chain of the agroindustrial
complex of the country (RF AIC). In
intraeconomic transportation in the RF AIC,
along with cars, we widely use tractors.
Rational application of wheeled tractors in
intraeconomic carriage substantiates the
possibility of their movements both on
asphalted and dirt roads. A specific share of
tractor transport in domestic agriculture
amounts 22-27% of the total transport
transportations and 50-60% of intraeconomic
carriage. There is a high level of the usage of
tractor transport in Western European countries
and in the United States. In farms of leading
Western European countries (Germany, Italy,
France and others.) there is about 70-90% of
intraeconomic carriage performed by tractor
transport. One of the most substantial and
difficult tasks is to fight with damage and losses
of agricultural production, in which a very
responsible role has been assigned to
automobile and tractor transport as an important
link in the AIC. According to the analysis of
materials for the preparation and use of potatoes and apples, more than 15-20% of the products
do not reach the consumer. Low quality of the
use of vehicles during transportation is a
problem. Transport costs in the prime cost of
produced products in rural areas reach 30-40%
or more. Lowering them will further influence
the development of the agroindustrial complex.
Thus, the creation of new of scientifically
grounded decisions in designs of vehicles for
intraeconomic carriage that enhance
preservation and performance of potato
harvesting and apples in the conditions of
Russia's AIC is the actual scientific and
technical task. Its solution makes a significant
contribution to the development of the country,
as well as it contributes to the implementation
of breakeven, competitive manufacture
In agriculture the issue of enhancing the
efficiency of operation of internal combustion
engines (ICE), reducing the costs of
maintenance (TO) and repairing (TP) fuel
supply apparatus (TA) using the improvement
of methods and means of diagnosis is a topical
in connection with the aging rolling stock
farming and lack of investment. Analysis of the
known TA diesel engine vehicles systems
showed that the most widespread system is the
divided type with multiplunger high pressure
fuel pump (fuel pump), while the methods of its
diagnosing are laborious, they require partial
disassembly and have insufficient accuracy.
The mathematical models that characterize the
work of a high-pressure fuel pump (fuel pump)
use a large number of parameters that
significantly affect the quality of dynamics of
the change of pressure values of diesel fuel.
However, in the materials of previously
published articles there were no issues
considered assessing the extent of the
quantitative impact, performance and features
change in the sensitivity settings of the
mathematical models on the simulation results,
there are no recommendations on the degree of
sensitivity and importance of each of the
parameters. For a more accurate diagnosis of
the fuel supply apparatus of a diesel engine it is
advisable to use several methods of diagnosing.
The article substantiates development of a
mathematical model of a high-pressure fuel
pump based on the analysis of modern methods
of diagnosing of fuel equipment for autotractor
diesel engines