Fruit shell - a waste of food and technical products. Only in rare cases they are used adequately to their rich chemical composition. Number of pectin substances in the structural components of the cell walls of fruit shells rather high. We investigated the quantity and quality of fruit shells contained soy pectin. The result of these studies was the proposed method for producing pectin extract from this kind of raw material. It describes how to work on the creation of a method for producing pectin extract from the leaf of soybeans. It's possible to extract pectin from the raw material, not previously used and pectin extract standard quality by applying advanced parameters of the process of conducting the hydrolysis-extraction. Valves soybeans washed with cold drinking water, dried and then pulverized. Then the purification is carried out by impurities. After that hydrolysis-extraction is carried out with a solution of succinic acid with heating. Separation of the liquid phase is carried out after completion of the hydrolease-extraction. We have developed and implemented as described above, the method solves the problem of soybean seed production waste
There has been developed the design of the single disc centrifugal apparatus with the feed of the granular material along the blades. The scattering disc consists of blades, on the top shelf there is a flat disc with air intake windows (deflector). The purpose of the deflector is to eliminate the reflection of particles at the moment of contact with the blade and create a passing air flow to increase the range of flight of the particles. The analysis of the constructive scheme of the scattering disk showed that the amount of air coming inside the scattering disk is affected by the width of the window and the tilt angle of the deflector body. There was determined the dependence of the window width from the angle of the deflector body and height. Based on the analysis of the design there have been determined the limits of setting the window width and the tilt angle of the deflector body. The angle of the deflector body changes in the rate of 90 to 320 . Increasing the tilt angle of the deflector body leads to a proportional reduction of the window width. There have been set the intervals of variation of factors. There have been chosen the symmetrical composite plan of the second order and have been made a matrix of the experimental design. As a function of the response factor there have been taken a relative accuracy coefficient. The implementation of the experiment allowed us to determine the value of the regression coefficients. The adequacy of the regression equation to the equation obtained was performed by the Fisher test. It was determined that the equation adequately describes the technological process. For the analysis of this equation it was turned to the canonical form by moving the origin to a new point and turning at a certain angle of 14,950. The analysis of the canonical equations allowed the authors to determine the optimal values of the studied factors. The window width of the deflector is 22 - 25 mm, the angle of the body of the deflector is 8 - 120
The best predecessors for sowing grain are grains and legumes, tilled cultures and perennial grasses. The precursor also determines the choice of the tillage type. The imperfection of the working bodies of the machines for soil treatment is the main reason for the increase in the complexity of preparing soil for sowing. In recent years, domestic manufacturers have been producing combined working machines that perform several technological operations in one pass. To prepare soil for sowing grain there have been selected disk units and working machines which were tested on the Kuban State Zonal Machine-Station. They fit well with the existing technology. It is rational to conduct tillage of soil for tall crops and perennial grasses by the disc cutter BDM-4×4. The disc cutter efficiently prepares the soil for seed bed cultivation on tilled precursors in one pass or two passes. It is efficient to conduct tillage on grain precursors by the stubble cultivator KSP-6, by the disc combined unit AKD-3 or DCN - 3.3. After grain predecessors the disc guns prepare soil for seed bed cultivation in two passes, and after perennial grass in a single pass. According to the results of the trials on the Kuban State Zonal Machine-Station the stubble cultivator KSP-6 efficiently prepares soil for sowing in one pass of the unit. The block-module cultivator MSC provides high quality pre-sowing cultivation simultaneously with sowing. There was proposed the method of equipping the unit so that it would provide usage of the data and technical characteristics of the tractor and physico-mechanical properties of the soil for which the technological operation is to be done. The proposed method determines the transmission ratio for which the amount of slipping does not exceed the permissible values in agro requirements. The value of the theoretical speed is calculated for the given transmission. Operating speed is determined taking into account the slip values
Minimum tillage technology (mini till) is based on soil preparation for sowing by disk working organs. The spherical disc serves as a ploughshare and a blade and provides soil crumbling. There are two options for placement discs: a battery one on the X-axis with an individual bar. The working depth is adjusted by changing the angle of the battery attack. The distance between the tracks of the spherical discs on the common axis is 220 mm. In processing the soil with plant residues there is winding of stems on the axis which causes the disc jamming. The structural layout of the spherical disk on the individual axis with individual counter has none of these shortcomings. Spherical discs on the individual pole are placed on the frame in parallel rows. The working depth is adjusted by changing the angle of attack of each series. The number of rows on the harrow ranges from two to four. In the three-row harrow the front row is divided into two equal parts, with the working bodies being installed with the opposite direction of the bulge. The recommended working speed of the harrow is up to 12 km / h. The non-standard location of the disk of the mulcher on the spiral rack makes it possible to perform the following functions: crushing and incorporation of crop residues into soil, mulching. The number of rows of the mulcher is two or four, and the speed is of 15 - 18 km / h. The analysis of the data specifications of the harrows and mulchers with a different number of rows and different needs for the engine power of the tractor has been made. There has been determined the empirical dependence of the total number of disks upon the working width of the harrow and the mulcher. Dependence of the minimum power of the tractor upon the working width with different number of rows of the harrow and the mulcher was determined. It was found that at the same working widths, the double row harrow has the smallest value of the minimum power. At the fixed width, the double row mulcher has the highest value of the minimum power
The article investigates the issues of recognition of
public rooms with defects, behavioral analysis of
situations and designing intelligent access system
objects geographically - distributed systems
The created hybrids with new lines and testers
were studied in 2014-2015, in the conditions of
the central zone of the Krasnodar region and the
Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh and
Belgorod regions). As a parent forms for
selection of early ripening and Medium early
corn hybrids there were used lines of various
groups of ripeness of the ident heterosis group:
Kr 714 Kr 740 Kr 757 Kr 651 Kr and 602. All of
these lines had high combining ability, and the
line 602 Cr was used as a donor for a quick return
of moisture from the grain when ripening. With
the participation of the lines from the collection
of the Institute and the donor line, we have
created four hybrid combinations on the basis of
which, the selection was received by the five-year
selection of new source material for breeding new
hybrids of corn. The assessment of comutiny
capacity of new lines was performed using a linetesters
of the genetic institute collections of
721MV Cr, Cr 801MV, Kr 654 Kr 244MV, Cr
602MV, Kr and Kr 802MV 752. Lines testers
were represented by a heterosis group of
Lancaster, Stiff Stalk Synthetic and wide lines
with a genetic basis. According to the guidelines
of the State strain testing of crops, and as a result
of the field experiment, we have calculated the
energy savings for new early maturing corn
hybrids in comparison with the standard ones.
Saving energy for equivalent fuel from new
hybrids of corn comparing to the standard for 1
ha of crop was due to their grain productivity and
varied depending on the conditions of the
Voronezh region from 81.4 to 101.5 kg, in the
Krasnodar region it was 79,0-97,9 kg
One of the limiting factors to obtain high yields of
grape plantations in Anapa-Taman subzones with good
quality is moisture. Grape plant adapts well to a
limited amount of moisture in the soil. The penetration
of roots deep into the soil horizons may reach 5-6
meters, provided with a moderate density of the soil
and the lack of limiting factors such as the presence of
ground water and limiting the content of toxic soluble
salts. In the course of mathematical data processing we
have established a trend of increasing average annual
rate of precipitation in the period from 1932 to 2015.
In the years when the amount of precipitation for the
year exceeds the average long-term performance, the
key amount of precipitation in the summer months in a
downpour and in a limited area. Average annual
amount of precipitation in the period from 1932 to
2015 was 519 mm, the minimum was recorded in 2002
(324 mm), the maximum - in 1981 (800 mm). Despite
the general trend of increasing average annual rainfall
over the years, moisture deficit is in the soil.
Accounting of moisture saving dynamics in the soil in
the 2015-2016's indicates the absence of moisture
reserves. Optimal soil moisture values were observed
only in May and June, and only half meter layer of
soil. In the phase of growth and ripening berries (July,
August, September) soil moisture content was much
lower than the permissible value, which is comparable
with the level of wilting point. For the stable-quality
grape raw materials it is necessary to pay more
attention to the water and the air regime of the soil
Barley (hordeum vulgare) is a valuable food and
forage crop. It is cultivated in the world on an area
of about 60 million hectares. A major region of
barley cultivation in the Russian Federation is the
Southern Federal District. The variety is one of the
main factors determining the demand for crop. To
use the varieties effectively we must have a
complex of economically valuable traits such as
hardiness, resistance to lodging, disease and pest
resistance. These traits make it possible to generate
the harvest high and stable from year to year. The
article is devoted to the analysis of winter barley
varieties, created in the south of Russia from
ancient times to the present day. The main
achievements of the leading Russian breeding
facilities and experienced breeders of scientists set
out in chronological order. The article describes the
methods and principles of selection (from
individual selection to mutagenesis and complex
selective breeding) used to breeding the new
varieties of winter barley. The most attention is
given to the outstanding varieties included to the
mating program today
The gaining of maximum amount of daily young
animals in a greater extent depends on disinfection of
incubation eggs which in complex of veterinarysanitary
arrangements held in poultry factories on
prevention and elimination of poultry infectious
diseases takes an important part. The perspective of
ozone application in industrial poultry breeding is
conditioned with its advantages which it
characterizes in comparison with other chemical
substances. It was settled that ozone has a special
ability to detain the growth of fungi on biological
substrates, also the process of mould appearance on
the surface of eggs’ shell even at 90% of relative
moisture. At substantiation of parameters and
regimes of electro-technological process of egg
storehouse ozonation there were implemented the
experimental researches. The general bacterial
semination of eggs’ shell decreased on 94,1% after
disinfection of incubaion eggs with ozone.
The relative faults of experimental values from
theoretical ones are 7%. In the result of production
trials there were set the parameters of quality of the
worked out electrotechnological process of egg
poultry factory storehouse ozonation: time of
regulation ‒ 8 minutes, dynamic fault ‒ 0,9,
coefficient of overcorrection ‒ 4,5%, generalized
integral mean-square index ‒ 10,6%. Obtained data
testify against the qualitative regulation of allocation
of concentration of ozone in a egg storehouse
Sorghum is a source of concentrated, succulent and
coarse forage. Its grain is used for making the mixed
fodder and as the concentrated forage for swine, cows,
sheep, horses and poultry. Sweet sorghum is successfully
used for silage and haylage. Green chop of Sudan grass
is used as fresh food for domestic animals and it’s used
for making hay and silage. The nutritional value of the
fodder is the way to meet the animal needs in nutrients,
necessary for living. To determine the nutritional value
of the fodder, oat fodder units and energy fodder units or
exchange energy are used. At present the assessment of
nutritional value according to fodder units is being
revised, because it doesn’t give the true picture of the
value of fodder nutrition and animal needs in nutrients.
The general energetic nutritional value of fodder is
considered as contents of all organic substances, supplied
with fodder or with its energy. The nutritional value of
fodder is valued according to the characteristics of its
chemical composition, digestion of nutrients and general
(energetic) nutritional value. The purpose of the work is
to assess the nutritional value of fodder, obtained from
the best sorghum varieties, as the food for different kinds
of agricultural animals. Sorghum, used as fodder for
poultry possesses the largest nutritional value. Among
the grain sorghum varieties, the variety ‘Zernogradskoe
88’ has got the biggest value of fodder units. The green
chop of Sudan grass and green fodder for silage of sweet
sorghum possess the greatest nutritional value for swine.
The varieties of Sudan grass ‘Krasava’ and ‘Arkadiya’
and the variety of sweet sorghum ‘Listvenit’ are the best
varieties according to the contents of fodder units