An analysis of patented in Russia and abroad methods for
providing preservation of plant products, particularly apples
and pears, was carried out in the article. The patent search
was made for the period from 1995 to 2015 in the databases
of patent offices of the United States of America, Japan and
European patent organization. The patented methods,
realization of which allows increasing of storage life of
agricultural products by means of using different kinds of
electromagnetic radiation, regulating the content of gaseous
medium in the storage, treating with chemical substances,
inhibiting the microbiological processes, creating hermetic
storing conditions, were systematized.
The realized research allowed drawing a conclusion on the
relevance of work in the field of search for new methods for
providing stable quality of fruits in the process of storing,
particularly with the use of electromagnetic fields of very
low frequency
The article shows using plant phospholipids (lecithin)
in the manufacture of bakery products. The article
analyzes the patented ways of using phospholipids
products (lecithin) in the production of bakery products
in Russia and abroad. Patent search was conducted
over the period from 1935 to 2015 on databases of
patent offices of the United States, Japan and the
European Patent Organisation. Conducted analysis led
to the conclusion about the widespread use of
phospholipids in bakery products. It was determined
that generally there are used lecithins derived from
sunflower, soybean and peanut oil, but the lecithins
obtained from rapeseed oil production which are
significant not only in Russia, but also abroad, are not
used. Due to this, there were made conclusions about
scientific and practical interest to study effectiveness of
lecithin derived from rapeseed oil, to improve the
quality, nutritional value and longer preservation of
freshness of bakery products
Plowing is the main and most energy-intensive way of primary tillage. The development and the introduction of the energy-saving ways of the primary tillage are of great scientific and practical interest. In the Azov-Black Engineering Institute, we have developed a combined method of the tillage and a tool using left-hand blades designed to handle the lower layers of the soil. The tool is designed for a layered tillage providing moldboard shallow and mouldboardless shallow (12 ... 18 cm) subsurface tillage using the cropping and the offset of the lower layer of soil in the direction of the daylight surface. The installation of the left-hand blades is designed to decrease the energy intensity of the technological process by reducing the weight of soil treated by the plow body. The aim of this study is to compare the energy assessment of the three ways of the tillage: - Plowing without skimmers; - Plowing with coulters being at the wall of the furrow; - Plowing with a left-hand blades tool. The study has been carried out using a graphical simulation of the shifting of the center of gravity of the soil layer. The assessment of the energy intensity of the technological process has been carried out by the capacity value consumed to shift the center of gravity of the treated layer of soil at the different depths of the tillage. The results of the study have showed that the change of the total quantity of the shifting of the center of gravity of the treated soil layer ranges from 0.43 ... to 0.67 m in respect of the two first-mentioned ways of plowing, while the same index in respect of the combined tool ranges from 0.37 ...to 0.55 m. The maximum power consumption of the process is also higher in respect of the two first-mentioned ways of the tillage. The power required to shift the center of gravity of the treated layer in respect of both ways ranges from 0.6 ... to 2.0 kW. , while the same index in respect of the combined method of tillage ranges from 0.3 ... to 0.9 kW
There are various ways of achieving various crops
productivity increase. Here belong the following
ways: chemical, physical and physical and chemical.
In our opinion, the most perspective way of presowing
processing is processing by mix of air and
ozone, which belongs to physical and chemical ways
of impact on seed material. To obtain the mix of air
and ozone is also possible in several ways. The most
economically expedient way of ozone synthesis is in
the barrier electric ozonizer discharge. However, to
achieve a positive effect in ozone influence it is
necessary to observe accurately technological
parameters as dosages excess can lead to oppression
of growth processes in seed. Therefore, it is necessary
to consider all known hypotheses connected with
ozone influence on agricultural plants and their
development process. Researches in this field show
that under the influence of ozone on seed material,
inside a seed the cleavage of the protein mass takes
place. Proteins pass into more available form and as a
result it is easier for sprout to receive the nutrients in
proteins that promotes the accelerated growth. It is
also necessary to note that ozone saturates grain with
active forms of oxygen. It is necessary as well to
remember bactericidal properties of ozone, which
provide destruction of harmful microflora
surrounding grain. All these factors lead to
improvement of grain sowing qualities and, as a
result, increase yielding capacity
This article speaks about the impact on the soil by the
logging machines is the compaction, deformation,
mineralization of the soil, changing its structure,
biological, water-physical and chemical properties.
The negative impact of machinery on soils depends on
the construction and systems of machines,
technologies of timber harvesting, climate, forest, and
other factors. This work considers a comprehensive
assessment of the impact of the process of logging on
the environment and proposes measures to reduce the
anthropogenic impact on soil, water bodies. We have
determined the annual volume of emissions to the
atmosphere from combustion engines of logging
equipment, characteristics of gross emissions of
pollutants into the atmosphere after cleaning of the
neutralizer gas; we have also determined the amount of
pollutants by vehicles in the transportation of wood
total in the process of clear cutting
Quality of seed material is defined by several
parameters which are: viability, growth force, energy
of germination and so on. But one of the most
important indicators is productivity. It is possible to
increase productivity of agricultural plants when
using various ways of preseeding processing. One of
ways of preseeding processing is ozonization. Thus, it
is possible to receive ozone and air mix by means of
various devices. One of the most effective ways of
receiving ozone is its synthesis in the field of an
electric discharge of an electroozonizer. But, at the
moment, in the world the set of designs and
modifications of electroozonizers is known. In this
regard, we carried out literary search, with the
purpose to define the most effective design of the
generator of ozone. We investigated various designs
of generators of ozone and their positive and negative
sides are given. On the basis of the carried-out
analysis it is established that the most suitable design
for receiving ozone at preseeding processing of seeds
is the ozonizer of lamellar type. But, despite
efficiency of application of a lamellar ozonizer, it is
necessary to achieve its stable work as preseeding
processing of especially small seeds demands
accurate observance of technological parameters
Stages of connecting metal and glass process are elucidated
in the article, the hypothesis about possibility
of wide use of glass as hydropneumatic cylinders
working surface is viewed, possibility of use of the 3D
technology in the considered process is estimated
Relevance of developing Internet service for searching
travel companions for intercity and intracity trips
substantiated in the article. The existing services that
provide similar services were analyzed, their
shortcomings and advantages of the basic principles of
operation were identified and analyzed. Functional of
own service was disclosed in comparison to existing
ones. The variants to benefit drivers and passengers
were offered
The article presents the analysis, selection and justification
of a mixer sowing apparatus, its kinematic indicators
in the hydroseeding of vegetable crops, providing
a uniform distribution of seeds in the volume of
fluid and seeded area and the results of laboratory research
The article presents the results of the researches of the
work of sprays of the offered sprayer at the laboratory
Agrotop stand. On the basis of the conducted researches,
for processing of a cane of rice checks using slothole
sprays providing uniform distribution of toxic
chemical on capture width is recommended