Development of plants in mixed or combined sowings is based on the symbiotic association in the basis of which we have decreased sexual process and its mechanism of genetic exchange among endosymbionts and stimulating of genetic exchange and expansion of the diversity of species among exosymbionts. The exception is the symbiosis of orchids and fungi - activators of orchids mycorrhiza with developed micellar system easily passing on saprophytic option. Coevolution of plant organisms with fungi indicates the specifics symbiogenic conjugate evolution, showing an example of the evolution of a small community with different contact with the external environment. The phenomenon of symbiogenesis has a long history and was manifested in a variety of different types of organisms. Today, some dependence of existence of one species from other organisms is observed at approximately 75% of higher plants and 90% of the animals in varying degrees of symbiogenic dependence from other species and taxa. Originality of symbiogenesis was analyzed by Academician A.A. Takhtadzhyan (1973) during its consideration of origin of eukaryotic cells as process of "assembly" of a complex system. Different approaches to determining the biological essence of symbiosis are known in the history of study of this phenomenon. On the whole phenomenon of symbiosis belongs to the category mutual relations of organisms of different phylogenetic groups
In Russia, the demand for quality grape wines is growing. While the demand is met mainly by import of grape wines. Russian wines are little known, and therefore are not claimed yet. New directions for improving the competitiveness of Krasnodar region winemaking, taking into account the use of the existing opportunities in the region are proposed in the article. Many new facilities of sports, cultural and residential destination, infrastructure, significantly upgraded hotels, motels, etc. are built in the Krasnodar region in connection with the two Olympic Games in Sochi. Sochi has a year-round opportunity to take high-level participants in the various international and national, cultural events, sporting events, etc. In addition, the Krasnodar region has a Black Sea resorts and the Sea of Azov. Segment HoReCa in the Krasnodar region is represented in significant numbers, and requires a high level of service. It means that a completely new direction for the marketing of wine products in large quantities on a regular basis, especially at the local market, appeared. The program of segment HoReCa exclusive service, the implementation of which can be carried out with the active participation of regional authorities is proposed in the article. The most complete and effective implementation of this trend is possible as result of the creation of the wine cluster in the region. The public-private partnership may be the mechanism of the interaction. Overall, the wine industry is very promising, has considerable potential for development both within the regional market and the subsequent prospects of manufacturers on the international market
The chemical composition of neogen-quaternary, paleogene, cretaceous and paleozoic aquifer systems in the Ob-Tomskoye interfluves area is presented in the article. The water saturation with respect to secondary minerals is described. Authors show that the waters of all studied aquifer systems are saturated with respect to montmorillonites and calcite in a less degree. The geochemical water types are identified and their distribution is described
We attempt to combine professional agronomic knowledge with familiarity with graphic art presented in the form of a poster in the paper. The term "poster" is considered a large loose-leaf edition, combines visual and typographic elements and execute graphic communications. The main idea of the poster is to convey the information to the reader quickly and accurately. In the study of the material we have formed complex scientific and educational resources on the history of agricultural science, including the history of the popularization of agronomic knowledge. In our work, the poster is treated as an object of analysis, as the material of social and cultural analysis and as a tool to gather information on the development of agronomic knowledge through their visualization. In the course "History and methodology of scientific agronomy" one of the competencies of students is familiarity with the methodology popularization of agronomic knowledge, understanding of what is happening. In this regard, an attempt was made to consider the Soviet poster as a source of information on the development of scientific agriculture in the period from 1917 to 1980. The aim was to analyze the main events of this period, elements of the technology of agricultural production, species and varietal diversity of crops, as well as various events in the agricultural sector. The article considers four basic types of posters: promotional, political, instructional, scientific and educational. Each of these types of posters performs its function. The poster covered all stages of agrarian sector of the country, was a historical reflection of the Soviet period and always remained mobile, online and popular art form. Today, his role is small, because it has changed the ways of presenting information. However, its historical role unchanged, he has served as the Foundation of the modern advertising industry, including agronomic knowledge
The possibility of using involute sprockets, more technologically advanced in manufacturing, compared with sprockets with straight, convex-concave profile of the lug on the criterion shock resistance circuit, the maximum permissible speed of the drive sprocket for bush roller chain drives and gears with a toothed chain. The comparative analysis of researches of operation of roller and tooth chain gearings with various steps and types of profiles of sprockets showed that in all cases with increase in a step of a chain the coefficient of speed of blow increases, and the increase in number of lugs at sprockets reduces the speed of blow of the hinge about sprockets tooth. Value of coefficient of speed of blow for couple an evolvent sprockets - a gear chain is much less than value of coefficient of speed of blow for couple a plug-roller chain –sprockets of any profile. Less noise during the work of tooth chain gearings is due to evolvent sprockets. As a result of researches it is established that on kinetic energy of impact of sprockets and the hinge of a chain, sprockets with an evolvent profile can be applied on an equal basis with the sprockets having concave-convex or rectilinear profiles of lugs. Respectively, evolvent sprockets can be used both in chain transfers with roller and with gear chains
he article discusses postcards with images related to agro-botanic illustration, the possibility of their use as an information resource in the process of the study course on the history of agriculture. We have given the extensive understanding of agro-botanic illustrations, reviewed the goals and objectives of this type of image. History of agriculture in postcards considered on three types of images: art (reproduction and original) and documentary (photo). For each type of images we have illustrative examples with brief comments. The review is presented with a combined collection covering different countries of the world. The article contains examples of postcards with brief comments. It presents an overview of the collection of postcards from different countries, and an analysis of the examples from the series named "Giant vegetables at the farm" and "Apple family". Thus, the images presented on postcards allow us to obtain the following information: the orientation of the agricultural sector areas (main activities: crop production, livestock, horticulture, viticulture, vegetable growing, etc.); Botanical characteristics of crops (agro-botanic illustration; illustration of certain types of technologies of cultivation of crops (cleaning, plant care, plowing, irrigation); documentary image separate record harvests; historical and cultural traditions associated with the agricultural sector, or in separate areas; the promotion of new crops, varieties, and hybrids of agricultural plants and flower crops; information about crops grown in the region, state, specific areas; paintings covering the agricultural labor of a particular country; promotion of local flora; develops observation; teaches us to think and analyze the information
The article presents an analysis of domestic tax accounting under modern conditions. The authors substantiate the presence of accounting principles in the tax accounting system, which is also confirmed by the presented views of scientists about their close relationship. The article provides objective reasons for the separation of accounting and tax accounting. By monitoring the regulatory framework of studied accounting systems it has been proved that the separation occurred inconsistently, as a result of tax accounting system is not provided at the appropriate level theory that creates a big problem in practice. The authors have identified and summarized the negative consequences of the existence of tax accounting and direction of its development. The study of scientific literature has shown that the domestic debate about tax accounting and its relationship with accounting continues to this day. The study allowed conditionally designate two directions of development of the Russian concept of interconnection systems of accounting and tax accounting. The first direction involves the creation of an autonomous system of tax accounting. The second direction involves the transfer, with the possible modification of elements of the accounting system in the tax accounting system. The authors justified the conclusion that the only independent accounting and tax accounting contributes to the achievement of their purposes
The article presents characteristic of the Russian seeds market as one of the main factors of the efficiency of domestic agriculture. The dynamics of sunflower acreage, a tendency to reduce them, the major factors that influenced the current trend were examined. The dependence of the dynamics of sunflower yield on the share of imported seeds used for its cultivation was revealed. The article showed the main problem of domestic seeds and identified current trends. The structure of costs in the cultivation of domestic and imported sunflower hybrids in different economic conditions was shown; the efficiency is calculated using a variety of technologies. Based on the calculations we have made conclusions and determined the prognosis for local farmers on the basis of current market dynamics. The article has shown guidelines for state support for the industry to address the problems for which the Ministry of Agriculture had developed a strategy of breeding and seed production of major crops until 2020. The necessity was shown for Russia's membership in the international system of quality certification of seeds OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), which will implement domestic seeds in the European market and make domestic seed production more competitive. Indicated the need for close cooperation between business, science and educational institutions, participation in international educational programs, bringing to research the most promising students to form staffing
The article describes the analysis of the main causes of destruction of the «SIAL KM» ventilated facade structures, widely used in building facing, through the example of a public building facade system.
There are marked features of application of ventilated facade system, shown the constructive solutions of «SIAL KM» facade system, determined the actual condition of ventilated facade system of this building and given recommendations to strengthen the structures of ventilated facade, designed for facade systems, having described in the article defects and damage
This article discusses the legal regulation (within the organization) of kanban’s implementation to the accounting practice of construction companies. There are the purpose, functions and types of cards. Several types of cards (transposition card, production card, warning card, emergency card) are described. There are the stages of cards’ implementation, as well as information support. The account book "Summary checklist of losses" is worked out. There are the assumptions for the successful implementation of kanban (an initiative of senior management, the need for standardization, perseverance, the ability to discuss, planning of value streams, continuous improvement process). This article considers the content of the cards in the details’ context such as item number, description, previous process, the subsequent process, the instruction. Attention is paid to the factors that should be considered during cards’ implementation (material resources, personnel, processes, management, external factors). Efficiency diagnostics’ directions of kaizen’s implementation are described. There are levels of kaizen’s efficiency (utility, usefulness, success). We have also described positions reflected in the relevant sections of the proposed document: 1 "General provisions"; 2 "Objectives, functions and types of cards in the organization"; 3 "Stages of cards’ implementation"; 4 "Information support of cards’ implementation"