The article has identified, systematized and ranked by priority the factors that contribute to the content, structure and efficiency of production and the technological infrastructure of the agri–food market in the Republic of Adygea and determine the growth and improvement of product quality, the degree of resource-saving and productivity growth that allowed us to substantiate the steps of determining the level of development in the infrastructural support on the basis of building relevant factors according to their impact on the competitiveness of producers and the region as a whole. Based on the analysis of the current state of production and technological infrastructure of the agri–food market in the Republic of Adygea, we proved the need to reduce the complexity of the production processes through automation and mechanization of the most labor–intensive elements of resource and storage technologies and diversification of them through long–term storage of agri–food products. By calculating the warehouse stock and the needs of identified storage capacity we decided to reduce the unit cost for storage of agricultural products, which allowed proving return on investment in the development of resource–saving technologies in the organization of distribution logistics facilities in the region. We prove the economic feasibility of investment in on–farm storage organization of fruit and vegetables in the agricultural organizations of the Republic of Adygea in a significant seasonal shift of purchase prices and increased cost of the services of third–party storage facilities, allowing more specific ways to enhance the competitiveness of warehouses and facilities of industrial and technological infrastructure of agri-food market in general
Livestock - one of the important sectors of agriculture dealing with breeding of farm animals for the production of food and raw materials for the processing industry, animal husbandry is a source of organic fertilizer. The production process in animal breeding is closely related to the natural processes of development and functioning of living organisms and the final products of this industry is a result of natural and technological cycle. A comprehensive assessment of the status and development of dairy farming is based on a system of indicators of livestock statistics, the size and composition of farm animals by species and breeds, reproduction of livestock, the state of fodder, feed consumption and the level of animal feed. Particular attention is paid to zoo technical activities in livestock production, quality and size of losses of livestock products. The volume of livestock production is directly determined by the basic two parameters: the number of animals and their productivity. This analysis allows us to obtain the necessary material for the calculation of possible levels of production, determining the need for feed, etc. This article discusses how to analyze the abundance and productivity of cows in the Republic of Dagestan, as well as the ways to improve it. We have identified a number of objective reasons that led to the difficult situation in the dairy farming of the Republic of Dagestan
The agriculture unlike other branches has features in structure and the accounting of fixed assets: the main kind of fixed assets is the land here, the important place in the course of production is taken by such types of fixed assets as productive and working animals, long-term plantings. Expenses on repair of fixed assets are allowed for ESHN of that tax period in which they were carried out and paid, at a rate of the actual expenses in relation to an order of formation of the specified expenses for rules of accounting. In accounting, since 2011 the formation of the reserve on repair of fixed assets isn't provided. In tax accounting the taxpayer has the right to make formation of a reserve on repair of own fixed assets. Standards of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation regulated application of two algorithms of calculation of the sums forming a reserve on repair of fixed assets. The reserve on repair of fixed assets irrespective of the applied algorithm is created both on own, and on leased objects of fixed assets. The basis for calculation of a reserve is the schedule of carrying out repair work on each object of fixed assets in which are specified the implementation period, a type of repair work and their estimated cost approved by the authorized employee of the agrarian and industrial complex enterprise
The problems of pharmaceuticals quality and safety have been investigated as the national security essentially depends on the solving the serious problem in proper time. The state control and guaranties are very important for the provision of the population with safe and qualitative pharmaceuticals. Measures to resist adulterated pharmaceuticals (APh) circulation of legal, economic and right-protective character have been proposed. The proposed mechanism of economic and legal resistance to the APh circulation is based on the interaction of both market and the state monitoring of APh circulation, correspondence of the system of laws to the real state of things and basic tendencies in the consumers` market, neutralization of APh circulation as a measure of priority, search, of the methods of resistance as well as an increase of the interested parties attention to the above mentioned problem. Analysis of import statistics is one of the most widespread, reliable and popular tool for assessing the state of the market and analysis of supplies of imported products. Due to the high import dependence on Russian drug pharmacological market we must take series of measures aimed at improving the system of state regulation of import of medicines
Business entities of agribusiness of the Krasnodar region are in relatively favorable climatic and natural conditions for their business activities. However, as a whole, the agricultural sector can not be called absolutely marketable, profitability, with a high level of business activity, property security, etc. One of the causes of the observed trends can be the organizational and legal form of business entity and, therefore, the procedures and sources of formation of the authorized capital, the minimum size; sources of financial resources; methods of financial management; method of distribution of income (profit) and cover losses; measure of responsibility for the obligations. Another reason may be the financial performance of the agricultural organizations. So, for more than 4 years in the Krasnodar region we have been observing numerical reduction of agricultural producers. At the same time, animal husbandry, as a branch of agriculture, has been reduced every year. Against this, the amount of income from the sale of crop production is increasing every year. This article presents the main indicators of the agricultural sector of the Krasnodar region and the necessity of in-depth study of the composition and modalities of the organizations of the AIC of the Krasnodar region
The static method is the most common, because it is applicable for measuring SVP of substances in wide ranges of temperatures and pressures. The essence of the method consists in measuring of vapor pressure in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature. Dynamic method is based on measurement of the boiling point of the liquid at a certain pressure. Saturation method of moving gas used in the case when the SVP does not exceed a few mm Hg. The method consists the following: the liquid is passed through the inert gas and saturated with vapor of liquids and then it flows into a cooler where the absorbed vapors are condensed. Knowing the amount of absorbed liquid and gas, as well as their molecular weight, allow us calculate saturated vapor pressure of the liquid. Knudsen effusion method is applicable for the measurement of very low pressures (up to 100 Pa). This method consists in researching of depending between the pressure and volume of saturated steam at a constant temperature. At the point of saturation an isotherm should have a break and turn into a straight line. Chromatographic method is based on complete chromatographic analysis of liquid and calculating the sum of partial pressures of all mixture components. Also, the article has a description of existing experimental installation for these researches and their advantages and disadvantages compared with each other
The article is devoted to the history of establishing criminal liability of legal persons in the Russian legislation. The author justifies the need for a more detailed analysis of the concept of criminal law fixing a legal person as the subject of crime in criminal law of Russia the modern period. To substantiate these stories of criminal law, the authors cite as an example a number of legislative provisions of the Russian legal space in the plane of a retrospective analysis of the previous period of rulemaking and legislative process. The authors investigated the criminal reflection of legal entities in the period of time until the twentieth century. Work includes links to many of the views of leading scientists in the study area, at different stages of development of the state. This submitted for publication article is the first of a series of articles, the authors intend to publish in the future. Historical heritage monuments in Russian law are the starting point for the study of a gradual process complexity and improve analyses Institute. Relevance of the themes on display determines the vector of state policy in the field of globalization of the legal space. Modern Russian criminal law, according to the author, must contain a declaration of the legal person as the perpetrator
We have special demands to the planting of the tilled crops. Unlike grain crops, the tilled crops are sowed in a line with the certain step, which permits to provide the rational placing of the plants on the feeding areas. Due to this, the necessary conditions were made for their further growth and getting of big crops. For planting of the tilled crops all over the world people apply pneumatic precision drills with vacuum seed-sowing mechanisms and the quality of realization of the operation depends on their work greatly. The process of work of the vacuum seed-sowing mechanism can be divided on basic stage, the process of catching a single seed and carrying it out of the layer of the others with the drawing hole is the most responsible among them. The analyses of the work which has been done let conclude that the influence of the agitator on the layer of the seeds in the zone of their catching with the drawing holes increases the efficiency of this process. With an aim of the activation of the working process of the central agitator the authors offer to make its blades in such a way that their working sides would be turned in the direction of rotation of the agitator and the plane of the feed disk. All this let use the agitator not only for activation of the layer of seeds but for their push to the drawing holes of the feed disk. The proof of the offered construction is presented in the article, the results of the comparative experimental researches of the serial and the modernized vacuum seed-sowing mechanisms and the analyses of obtained data are shown, conclusions have been formulated
The article presents the author’s insight into the theoretical foundations of plant breeding for self-pollinators and cross-pollinators. From the author’s point of view, plant breeding techniques depend on a type of pollination, population propagation and isolation from other variety pollen. Adaptive properties of crops are described as ones depending on a genetic type (genetically pure lines, populations, hybrids, pure varieties and clones). The key role of seeds in preserving a plant variety, or a cultivar, is emphasized. In the article, cultivar and yield qualities of seeds are characterized. The reasons for seed deterioration and yield decrease have been looked into. Improvement of main crops such as wheat, barley, rye, rice, soybeans, maize, triticale, sunflowers, potatoes, sugar beets is characterized in detail. The author shares the traditional point of view on the seed breeding program. It includes following steps: development phase (breeder’s seed), maintenance phase (in which a quantity of seed is maintained under high standards) and the distribution phase (production of commercial seed for distribution to the public). The difference between primary and secondary seed selection is explained. The best periods for crop rotation and crop renovation are also described. The legally enforceable standards of quality and genetic purity for different crops are presented in the article. It is pointed out that it is vital to maintain high cultivar qualities after multiplication and distribution of the new variety. Only large-scale pedigree system for seed production promotes it
The article presents an analysis of the statistical data on use of barley in the world agriculture. The dynamics of changes in acreage under crop has been studied over the past decade in the global community. The structure of indicators in barley’s area was reduced and the main regions of production have been described. As the world as some countries barley productivity was studied. The article presents the data on world production of barley for lust four years. The structure of production of the main producing counties for 2014 is presented graphically. On the basis of the material revealed, more than half of the total harvest of barley in the world has been produced by three regions: The European Union, the Russian Federation and Canada. The article presents a comparative analysis in the above productivity of barley by the world leaders in the production of this crop. A direct influence of environmental factors on final grain yield has noted. Also the issue of national economic importance of culture has been revealed. We have noted the areas of the culture use such as food, brewing industry, as well as livestock (as it is known, barley is one of the most valuable forage crops)