The most labor- and energy-intensive part of potato
machine production technology is harvesting which is
done mainly with harvesters. Modern potato
harvesters meet the required efficiency data in
favorable conditions. In erroneous conditions
(primarily characterized by high or low soil moisture)
the efficiency of separating the tubers from impurities
is reduced, and the loss and damage of the products
increase. This situation is due to the imperfection of
the separation device of potato harvesters. Up to 1000
tons of soil per 1 ha is separated at the separation
device in the process of harvesting. As a result, the
potato harvesters capacity on the whole is determined
by their separators output. Nowadays, rod elevators
are most widespread and used. One of the main
drawbacks is the significant increase of tubers
damage in a case of low soil moisture mainly caused
by the contact of the tubers pile with the side frames
of the harvesting machine. From the above reasoning,
one can confirm that the increase of capacity and
functioning quality of potato harvesters’ separation
devices is an urgent scientific-and-technical task of
agriculture
The subjects of the study are the foundations of buildings with a high center of gravity, in particular, the foundations of high-rise buildings with developed upper floors due to the large consoles. From a set of loads, transferred to the high-rise building with a high center of gravity, we can highlight the most significant impacts, affecting the distribution of forces in the elements of the foundation. We reveal the factors playing a special role in the choice of design solutions for the foundations. The practical significance of this research is due to the demand for ground areas in the cities which are being developed, although they were previously considered unsuitable for construction. Today, one of the primary tasks for engineers and architects is increasing technical and economic performance of construction projects and meeting customers' requirements in the individual architecture. As a variant of increasing technical and economic performance of buildings in dense city building conditions is to use the arm structures in their design solutions that both low-rise and high-rise building can achieve the architectural attractiveness of the building and significantly increase the usable floor area. In the research, two types of the foundations were projected for the object which is an eight-apartment building in the ground conditions of Sochi. The analysis was carried out with such software as PC ING +. After receiving the results of numerical analyses we performed a comparative analysis of pile-slab and slab foundation with the seismicity of the construction site. Therefore, we have identified the most rational of two types of foundations
The article is dedicated to the features of the correlations between the indicators of shoot and root growth ability of grape cuttings varieties of Moldova and Vostorg of different lengths, under the influence of the processing them with Norwegian growth regulator - Radix plus. We have found that in the control variants on both varieties there are fairly close correlation connections between the number of shoots, their length and the degree of blooming buds. However, in the advanced options the character of the relationship between these parameters depends on the varietal characteristics manifested in the potential root activity cuttings. For Moldova cuttings which are characterized by high root activity, the use of Radix plus led to some strengthening of the correlations, and for Vostorg (with the weak activity of rooting of cuttings) - to decreasing of the correlations. This fact may indicate that the negative effects of growth regulators on the activity of endogenous hormones in the cuttings of Vostorg varieties, which explains the decrease of rooting of longer cuttings. Processing the cuttings of Moldova with Radix plus led to increasing in the frequency and extension of the correlations between shoot and root growth ability of cuttings. For Vostorg, on the contrary, the use of Radix plus led to the weakening of these connections. The reason for this phenomenon, as is the case with figures of shoot growth ability may be a change in the activity of the endogenous phytohormone influenced by exogenous auxin. Character of correlations identified between indicators of root growth ability of cuttings shows that rooting depends primarily on the hormonal activity of cuttings, number of roots - on cuttings plastic substances, and the yield of cuttings with 3 roots and more - on both of these points
The article proposes the updated model of the influence of logs length onto a size of wooden chips produced with the use of a disk chipper. This article focuses on the fact that the length of any of the logs in the process of chipping is reduced. For this reason at the final stage of chipping, any of the logs with a standard initial length of 1.2 m inevitably transform into short logs, for which the conditions of chipping are significantly different from the chipping conditions at the start of chipping. The task of accounting for these changes is reduced to finding a solution of the transcendental equation. The results of numerical simulation indicate a progressing decreasing trend in the bevel angle and increasing in the length of the particles of wood chips with decreasing of logs length. Adequacy of the modeling results confirmed by laboratory tests and production experiment. Measuring linear and angular dimensions of chip real particles showed that the particles of such length may be equal to 7 cm, which is 3.5 times larger than the standard length of 2 cm. The angle of the bevel of the cutting plane of the particle may be 14º, which is approximately three times less of standard value equal 39º- 43º. We also discuss the comparison with the approximate solution, which was published in 2012 year. The article can be useful for specialists of wood-preparatory cycle in the paper industry
In this article we propose a method of determining the share or the significance (weight) of indicators of Beaver and risks R in the portfolio formed by these parameters allowing us to minimize the mean square error evaluating the effectiveness of the portfolio (risk) in the assessment of the financial condition of the companies investigated. The proposed method is the minimization of a quadratic form in variables satisfying lengthy conditions, i.e. the quadratic programming. This technique is implemented using four methods of optimization: analytical method, using built-in function minimization block given, the penalty function method and the gradient method. More so, this technique allows, as shown by the results of the computational experiments, the expert without routine statistical data processing to obtain additional information on the credit worthiness of the investigated enterprise and make a more informed conclusion about its financial condition, which speeds up the decision on granting a loan required by a company. Based on the techniques proposed in this paper, other techniques of assessing the creditworthiness of businesses may be constructed using the results of optimization theory based on well-established applied research methods: Method of evaluating the creditworthiness of Russia, Credit scoring method, the American method, method of Altman and others
The article discusses agro-botanical illustration of hand fans painting as an independent resource of visual information on the history of culture of introduction, distribution, species diversity and plant breeding. We have reviewed the history of the fan and the causes of widespread of fans and the respective painting plants. The article shows the different trends in the filing of a visual image in the fan art: from accurate, detailed drawing of the image, until smooth, blurred contours, made in the "boneless" or "acyclic" technique. On the example of pumpkins, lagenaria, soybeans, corn, flowers, namely asters and peonies we have shown various aspects of breeding and agronomic work for several centuries. The article uses the method of visual analysis as a tool for collection and analysis of data on breeding and introduction of a number of crops on the example of specific crops, particularly soybeans. The analysis includes a description of morphotypes, area of origin, distribution, physiology, individual characteristics, and insects found in the ecological niche. It is noted that visual analysis can be successfully applied in the study of varietal diversity of a number of flower crops: asters, peonies, chrysanthemums, and some fruits and vegetables
The purpose of examining the roadside agrocenosis in the Aksai district of the Rostov region was a comparative assessment of the ecological condition of ordinary black soil and agricultural products grown in the technologically transformed conditions. The evaluation of agro-forestry factor impact on refraining toxic substances from the techno-genesis road source was also of interest. The study was expected to determine the actual and potential content of copper, zinc and lead in the ordinary black earth, as well as to evaluate the accumulation level of the investigated elements in the winter wheat grain. The potential reserve of investigated elements in ordinary chernozem (or black soil) is several times higher than the potency of the current content. Distribution of the results of the actual and potential reserve determination demonstrated the transfer of gas-dust emissions beyond the forest belt where the production crops are grown. At the remoteness point of 10 meters away from the road beyond the forest belt minimal amounts of actual and potential element content were found. At a distance of 50 - 100 m there was found a significant excess content of copper, zinc and lead. Repeated studies conducted 20 years later, identified the lead content in winter wheat grain exceeding the MPC. The results obtained have demonstrated the lack of agro-forestry effect in refraining gas and dust emissions by the road forest belt
The article has examined the legal nature of borrowings. The author carries out a comparative legal analysis of debt obligations in comparison with the obligations arising from the contract of bank deposit, bank account agreement, loan agreement, factoring agreement, the insurance contract, the contract of storage. On the basis of a comparative research of the obligations arising from the loan agreement with the other financial liabilities we have determined the state of borrowings in the financial obligations. The author proves the general nature of the obligation of the loan in relation to other financial obligations. A contract of loan for the purpose of its subject and obligations arising from it is much closer to the lease contract and the loan, rather than to the same insurance contract or bank deposit. Borrowings are different from financial obligations only by the fact that its objects are things that contain generic characteristics, interchangeable and not individually defined, as it is in the case of contracts of property employment and loans. An important difference between the loan agreements from other financial instruments is the fact that in the loan agreement the property is transferred to the ownership and not in the possession and use of the borrower
Recently, much attention is paid to research the role of cell-cell interactions by gap junctions in the process of malignant transformation and mechanisms of antitumor resistance. Meanwhile, the greatest interest is astrocytic tumors. Depending on the degree of malignancy, astrocytomas are divided into: pilocytic astrocytoma (Grade I), subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (Grade I), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (Grade II), diffuse astrocytoma (Grade II), anaplastic astrocytoma (Grade III), glioblastoma (Grade IV ) gliomatosis cerebri (Grade IV). Information of literature devoted to astrocytic tumors (gliomas) - the most common brain tumor in large part obtained in studies in cell cultures and different contradictions. Along with data on the reduction of glial tumors cells communicability through GJ, there is evidence of an opposite character - a functionally active GJ in gliomas and inhibition of tumor growth by reducing intercellular communicability by GJ. However, up to now there have been no studies of the effect and function of hemichannels in cancer cells, which would provide detailed information on: 1) the characteristic of presence and relative abundance of hemichannels in cancer cells; 2) evaluation of absorption / release of hemichannels mediated molecules in tumor cells than in non-tumor cells; 3) functional consequences of activation and blocking of hemichannels in tumor cells and 4) the prognostic value of the expression / activation of hemichannels in human malignancies
A diet of a modern man affects the formation of a healthy lifestyle very highly. It supplies the body with the main and irreplaceable nutrients, mineral components and energy. The Russian Federation population surveys, which were carried out by government agencies of the country show us that there is a lack of many nutrients with high nutritional value. Russian market is gradually stuffed with food products which have high nutritional value. For the maintenance of health, active longevity, and for improving their performance, people must consume their organism with all the necessary nutrients. That's why achieving an optimal balance among the nutrients is one of the important question of vital activity. In this article, there were considered optimization approaches to human diet with considering different types of metabolism and maintain weight with using economic and mathematical methods. Also in this article you can find the calculated values of the daily values depending on your calorie eating plan, anthropometric parameters and energy expenditure. We obtained daily value of calories and distributed basic food components- carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and also we calculate the optimal diet for the results of each type of physique - ectomorph, endomorph and mesomorph