To determine the feasibility of using PV systems we
should assess the economic efficiency of wind energy
in the region. At the same time, the first step should be
an analysis of upper-air and power characteristics of
the wind. The next stage is to determine the energy
source of wind power (theoretical, technical and
economic potential). The basic approach to the
calculation of economic indicators should include a
determination of the effectiveness of wind power
installations in competition with traditional energy
sources in a particular region. There are important
following indicators: the payback period and economic
efficiency. If the economic potential of wind power
satisfies the requirements, the next step is to study the
technical requirements applicable to wind power
stations. For a preliminary assessment of the terrain,
the article discloses a sequence of events that must be
performed to assess the effectiveness of the installation
of wind power systems. We have listed advantages and
disadvantages of the main types of wind power plants,
and other ramifications of choosing of basic functional
units. The considered in an article analytical
expressions for calculating the evaluation of economic
efficiency of wind energy, the technical requirements
for the basic parameters of wind turbines and their
main advantages, disadvantages and features the work
will allow at the design stage to carry out a preliminary
assessment of effectiveness of the wind power stations
for a particular region and locality, specific types
consumers in view of their modes of operation and the
quality requirements of electricity
The article reveals main reasons for developing
tendencies to the using of new types of energy, which
are limited supply of traditional fuels and
environmental problems associated with its
processing. It is shown that new forms of energy
plays an important role in the energy supply of many
countries of the world, and in the future they can
become the main sources of energy to meet the
growing needs of the global economy. We reveal
main reasons of the increasing interest in renewable
energy, and we show the obvious prospects of their
use, due to two factors. First, according to experts,
the global reserves of traditional fuels are limited, and
secondly, this was evidenced by the investments of
leading countries in this promising industry. The
article lists reasons for the need for the use of
renewable energy sources in Russia. Increased
consumption of natural resources has become a real
threat to the security of the life of human society. The
basis of solving modern social and environmental
problems is a transition to a regulated process of safe
use of natural energy potential to meet the vital needs
of people not only in the coming decades, but in the
long run. It is concluded, that the determining
condition for the development of the human
civilization at present and in the future would be the
level of natural resources which ensures the needs of
the population without making harm to the
environment
Slope land (ravines, gullies, mountain areas) for many countries of the world are important areas of economic activity, and for some they are the only living space. In the mountainous areas there are cereals and feed, fruit, citrus, nut, berry and essential oil crops, grapes, tea and many others. On slope lands, soil preparation by terracing is widely used. The article considers modern technologies and machines for the construction of terraces in order to create protective and fruit plantations on them and to involve new areas in agricultural turnover. There are two main ways to create terraces: hinged and rifled. Most often, when terracing on tractor-passable slopes, various plows and graders (floor terraces) are used, and on tractor-passable slopes there are universal bulldozers and terrasers (rifled terraces). The shuttle plow PCHS-4-35 and revolving plows are especially convenient for the device of floor terraces, with the help of which it is possible to significantly increase labor productivity by reducing the time for idle runs. For rifled terraces, we use a large complex of machines, the most productive of which are: terraser-Ripper TR-2A; terraced equipment TK-4; terraser T-4M, etc. The use of the proposed complex of machines in the construction of raised and rifled terraces will help to increase productivity and involve new lands in agricultural turnover, which will ultimately increase food security of the Russian Federation
In the autonomous power supply systems there are
widely used frequency converters that are able to
simultaneously increase or decrease the frequency of
the current and voltage stabilizing power supply.
These positive properties of frequency converters can
improve the operational and technical characteristics
of the autonomous power supply system in the
complex. The article suggests a functional diagram of
a frequency converter performed on reversible
rectifiers. We have presented timing diagrams
illustrating the principle of its operation. The article
also deals with two functional scheme of direct
frequency converters executed on single-phase, threephase
transformer with a rotating magnetic field. The
principle of operation of these schemes has been also
discussed in the timing diagrams. The proposed
technical solutions for frequency converters contain a
smaller amount of power electronic devices that make
it possible, thereby reducing the level of
electromagnetic interference, increase the efficiency
and reliability of performance inverters. The
considered scheme of frequency converters, can
improve the technical characteristics of the
autonomous power supply systems in the complex. We
can significantly improve the performance of power
systems through the use of modular aggregating
principle of the basic functional units of an
autonomous system
In the article, legal norms of barter agreement are
exposed to the detailed analysis. They were fixed
earlier in the Civil Codes of RSFSR 1922 and 1964.
The authors analyze the modern legal adjusting of
barter agreement in the operating Civil Code of the
Russian Federation. Characterizing signs of barter
agreements are investigated and they allow distinguishing
it from a bargain and sale. It is marked that
the barter agreement got the detailed regulation of
relations only in the operating Civil Code of the
Russian Federation. The purview of norms about the
agreement of barter broadened in course of time.
That was taken into account by a legislator. A modern
legislation regulates the features of relations
arising up in connection with execution and conclusion
of treaty of barter. Earlier operating legislative
acts did not take into consideration many questions,
related to the relations of barter, arising up in practice.
Soviet scientists examined some questions that
were and remain now without adjusting or require a
specification from a legislator. For example, concerning
Civil Codes of RSFSR 1922 and 1964, the
imperfection of legal determination of agreement of
barter was marked. This decision did not take into
account that commodities were passed in property of
another side. Modern legislator names it a "commodity
the object of the barter agreements. In the
same time in practice there is a lot of questions
about possibility of applying property rights to the
object of the barter agreement. Other critical remarks
about the rules of the barter agreement in the
civil legislation of RSFSR and the Russian Federation
were done by the author in the article
The aim of the study is to examine the relationship of
nature and the passage of the adaptation processes in
students. The article presents descriptions of the types of
character carriers which require adjustment assistance
A computer program, as an information system, is designed to fill in the daily form that simulates the form of SP 20. This document indicates the number of livestock, the feed consumption limit by species and sex and age groups per head and the total limit for a month for all livestock. The computer program is created on the basis of an Excel spreadsheet, which is easily mastered by the user (accountant, accountant, manager). The computer program is developed using the VBA language, which allows you to automate all computing operations for data processing. The user enters only known initial data (cattle groups, species and number of feeds)
In this article, there is a numerical method of solving
the problem of self-organization of the labor
resources. The problem deals with finding
probabilities of hiring and the layoffs of specialists
from the sectors of the labor market. A mathematical
model of labor resources dynamics is used to solve
this problem. The initial problem is incorrect,
because number of equations of the descriptive
system is less than number of unknown variables. A
special algorithm is designed for guaranteed finding
the normal solution in finite number of iterations.
The algorithm is separated into two key stages.
Initially, unconditional normal solution of the
problem is found by applying the modified method of
Gauss for underdetermined systems. Later, this
solution is projected in the subspace of permissible
values. After that, the normal solution of the problem
with consideration of non-negativity of the desired
values is being found by using the gradient projection
method. The proposed algorithm has been
successfully used to develop application in
programming environment C++. This application is
focused on solving of the problem of selforganization
of the labor resources. Comparative
analysis of speed of the application and add-ins MS
Excel "Solver" showed that the same problem is
solved much faster in the application designed by the
author than in a table processor MS Excel when
using the add-in "Solver". This demonstrates the high
efficiency of the proposed method
This article discusses an economic game called
"The struggle for markets". We have generated a
mathematical model of quantum realization of this
game. For clarity, the algorithms are derived for
soft and hard quantum games for assessing the
impact of the degree of entanglement to work and
the result of the algorithm. There are step-by-step
instructions for the sequence of actions and
operations to create a quantum model of the game.
The aim is to assess the influence of the degree of
entanglement on work algorithms. Also, we
investigate the influence of quantum entanglement
on the win for two or more players. The article
gives a comparison with classical results
Rational and efficient use of natural resources is an important element of sustainable development. Waste is a significant loss of material and energy resources. Recycling and disposal of waste can be a cause of pollution, harmful substances and infections on people. Index of waste production is closely linked to the level of economic activity in the country and sums up the structures of production and consumption that are formed in the society. Reduction of capacity size of waste production is a measure of promotion of the economy sector to less material-intensive structures of production and consumption. Phytogenic wastes are mostly formed in the timber industry, and also are pollutant source of environment. Continuing production and accumulation of waste is a serious environmental problem. The main reason for these circumstances involves insufficiency of power in added-value wood processing, that increase the problem of integrated utilization of low-grade wood, small wood and demolition wood. As a result, the main competitive products in the timber complex of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are industrial wood and roundwood. Solution to these topical issues of optimum use of the resulting waste in the Krasnoyarsk Territory needs to be solved with the help of mathematical modeling of process optimization of recycling lumpy plant waste. Rational use of lump plant waste is one of the most serious and, unfortunately, unresolved problem