THEORETICAL GROUNDS TO FORM PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN ECONOMICS AT UNIVERSITY
Among other reasons restraining the renewal of
education, we can mention its evident irreciprocal and
disharmonious character, when instead of gaining the
complete social and cultural experience, students in
fact get only a part of it – its knowledge component.
Nowadays such an approach seems to be insufficient.
Our society needs graduates who are further capable of
making successful careers and taking various socially
meaningful activities. We need citizens who are ready
and able to cope with the challenges that they come
across in their lives and professional spheres. This sort
of ability owes much not only to the bulk of
knowledge and skills one can obtain, but to those extra
qualities and traits to define which we use the terms of
“competence” and “competency”. In some respect,
these terms are more appropriate to comprehend the
modern goals of education. With reference to various
approaches to defining the category of “professional
competence” and to the description of its structure and
contents, as well as on the grounds of the previously
depicted peculiarities of the specialist’s activities, we
have formed the concept of “professional competency
of a specialist in economics”. Under this term we
understand a complex integral entity comprising:
cognitive and activity constituents (implying
knowledge, abilities and skills developed well enough
to perform professional functions in accordance with
the norms and regulations of economic affairs), moral
and ethical constituents, motivational constituent, rich
cultural background, civil maturity and allegiance,
tolerance, skills of professional communication,
competitive ability, and – due to the dynamic character
of economic activities – demand for and ability of
continuous education
In the article we have considered various modern problems of domestic management accounting, as well as opinions and points of view of various authors, both Russian, and foreign, on the essence, the purposes and the problems of management accounting
Protective forest plantations, shelter belts and plantings along the highways of Central - Black Earth region and southern Russia are badly damaged, and in some areas destroyed. Therefore, they can not perform their functions and require major reconstruction or restoration. The most resistant and applicable trees and shrubs to create protective forest plantings are: maple, ash, elm species and three-thorned acacia, honey-locust, white and yellow acacia, and other legumes breeds with high drought tolerance, disease resistance, technogenic pollution and pest damage. For the creation and restoration of protective forest plantations we require seeds of these species containing pericarp. In Voronezh State Forestry Academy we have carried out a scientific research for creation of a machine for extracting seeds from the legumes. Analysis of the results of scientific research of prototyping machines showed that they were made without considered technological and mechanical properties of the legumes theoretical researches workflow machines for extracting seeds from the legumes and scientific basis of design parameters and operating modes. In this article we have a presentation of the experimental sample of the machine for extracting seeds from the legumes and theoretical investigation of the workflow in the batch hopper. According to the results of the study, we have obtained a mathematical expression, which allows you to define the parameters and modes of operation of a brush-grater device
One can see some density irregularity within the roll
in the baler with a chamber of constant volume. We
have found out that the maximum density of hay roll
width (the baler width) is observed in the middle part.
This is due to the shape of the hay roll entering the
baler. To even the hay rolls they have mounted some
rotating disks having some inclined spring pins above
the baler. To improve the roller distribution the disks
above the baler have been pushed forward forming a
tapering gap. The evening discs rotating above the
moving roll will cause some relative motion of hay
particles. The interaction of the evening disks with
the hay roll in the vertical plane will be determined
by the elasticity of the hay roll and the weight of the
frame with the disks. We have studied the trajectories
of hay particles motion with the help of MathCad
program. We have had the following initial
parameters: the degree of compaction (decrease of the
roll height when evening), the friction coefficient, the
angle rate of the evening disks, the number of pins and the speed of the hay roll. As a result we have got
the trajectories of the hay particles motion when the
evening disks functioning. The analysis of the
trajectories has allowed to establish some basic
parameters of the evening device such as the distance
of 0.15…0.2 m between the pins; the degree of
compression while evening 20...25 %, the angle rate
of the evening discs 23...30 rad / s and the diameter
of the evening disc 0.74 m. The application of the
evening device in the form of the disks with pins
provides a uniform distribution of hay particles
edgewise of the baler ensuring preliminary hay roll
seal press before passing to the baler pressure
chamber that contributes to getting the rolls with
larger mass and a uniform distribution of hay density
inside the roll
The article gives the description and grounding of the rational design factors of the possing machine with the purpose to avoid bulbs damages and provide the maximum capacity of the improved separating hump
Pre-planting preparation of soil in the Central part of the North Caucasus according to the traditional technology of cultivation of crops involves the use of single-operation soil processing machines and aggregates. As a result, they have to make multiple passes, resulting in increased energy consumption, soil compaction, and the emergence and development of erosion processes. In addition, the agricultural machinery used is characterized by the low operability and reliability of the working elements and their joint assemblies, which leads to a decrease in productivity, so that the agricultural requirements for the process of pre-sowing soil preparation are often not met. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an arable milling unit for pre-sowing soil preparation is proposed. Its structural and technological scheme is justified. The distinctive features of the proposed design are the possibility of the main soil treatment with simultaneous grinding of large soil clumps, lumps, plant residues and levelling of the soil surface; possibility of changing the installation angle of the rotary grinder and depth of soil treatment depending on the type of treated soil; high quality of soil preparation for sowing; provision of energy consumption reduction due to combination of technological operations in preparation of soils for sowing; lack of expensive assemblies and parts; the need for less energy for aggregation when preparing soils for sowing. As a result of the theoretical studies carried out, rational values of the main parameters of the proposed arable milling unit have been established, which have a decisive influence on the process of its operation: speed of movement 1.5... 2.0 m/s; Angle of attack of working element 20... 300; Angular rotation speed of the working tool 20... 25 s-1
Reserves of expansion of the areas under fruit plantings in the central part of the North Caucasus are limited, one of solutions of this problem is involvement in an agricultural turn and, in particular, under fruit plantings a little or the slope lands, absolutely inconvenient for one-year cultures, having optimum climatic conditions. Currently, scientifically based technologies of cultivation of gardens on slopes are developed for foothill and mountainous areas of the North Caucasus in relation to zones. Large corporations, as well as medium and small business are engaged in production of fruits in the North Caucasian Federal District. One of problems which vendors of fruits face it is the shortage of the equipment on care of trunk strips and row-spacings of fruit plantings. Mechanized technologies of flat gardening are a little effective in specific conditions of mountain and foothill agriculture where the main limiting factor is the soil fertility. At the same time, the question of the accelerated creation of a humic layer in the trunk strips, improvements of the water and food modes of fruit plantings on slope lands is particularly acute. The carried-out analysis of a system of maintenance of the soil in gardens showed that the most rational is the cespitose and humous system providing bevelling of vegetation with its leaving on the surface of the soil in the form of mulch. However, lots the mower-grinders produced by the industry have rather low rotating speed of a rotational operating part (540 … 840 min-1); they do not provide high-quality crushing of grass vegetation, are incapable to transport crushed grassy masses in trunk strips of fruit-trees. In this regard, we offer a construction of a unit for processing of row-spacings and the trunk strips of fruit plantings. As a result of the conducted theoretical researches, we have set rational values of key parameters of the offered unit
The article considers the dependencies of the constructive parameters of a field board in the form of a cylindrical drum on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. Expressions have been obtained for calculating the radius of the cylinder, as well as the size of the arm for installing the cylinder relative to the sock of the field board. The article also shows the limits of using field boards data on the bodies of plows
Now in Russia there is a problem of utilization of vehicles.
The article reveals questions of the advisability
to study boundaries of cars recycling: pricing model
with repair, options for vehicles used after repairs, the
models for definition of the boundaries of cars recycling
The article considers the dependencies of the constructive
parameters of the field board in the form of a
cylindrical drum on the physical and mechanical
properties of the soil. Expressions have been obtained
for calculating the radius of the cylinder, as well as
the size of the arm for installing the cylinder relative
to the sock of the field board. The limits of the use of
field boards data on the hulls of plows