It has been proved, that by means of information technologies, it is possible to fix the wind erosion operatively, to determine the sizes of soil losses. The mathematical model of process of the wind erosion during the winter period is created
The design procedure of a parity irrigated and dryland shares of farmland on various types of agrolandscapes, which develops from a recommended parity of environment formatting and environment destroying grounds, providing protection of soils from erosion and supporting their fertility at certain level is resulted in article
Elements of the cultivation technology of winter wheat variety called ‘Antonina’ with the application of different backgrounds of soil fertility, norms of fertilizers, system of plant protection from weeds, pests and diseases were studied. The studies are conducted in a polyfactorial stationary experiment: factor A - soil fertility; factor B - system of fertilizers; factor C - plant protection system; factor D - methods of basic soil cultivation. In the experiment four models of soil fertility levels were studied: А0 - the initial (natural background); А1 - average (200 kg / ha Р2О5 and 200 t / ha of litter manure); А2 - increased (doses are doubled); when А3 - high (tripled). Based on the studies it has been established that to obtain a stable yield of winter wheat, an increased dose of mineral fertilizers should be used, which also ensures high grain quality indicators. The maximum yield increase of 37% was achieved on varieties in comparison with extensive technology. A significant increase of the protein content in the grain from 12.8 to 15.3% and gluten from 22.0 to 27.8% was found in the intensive technology - triple doses of fertilizers (NPK) and the use of integrated protection against diseases, pests and weeds. The introduction of high doses of mineral fertilizers contributes to the accumulation in the soil and grain of nitrogen, and also reduces the content of copper and zinc
In peach orchards of the Russian humid subtropics, leaf curl is the most dangerous and harmful disease. Due to the high degree of danger from the peach leaf curl, for the first time in this region the main task was to analyze peach leaf curl development on weather conditions. In order to solve the problem, it is proposed to apply a new innovative intellectual technology: automated system-cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis) and its software tools - the “Eidos” system. In order to build the model, based on our own observations and the experience of Russian and foreign colleagues, it was decided to use the following factors: the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C of the current year (for the period from January to April), the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C of the previous year (for the whole year), the sum of precipitation of the current year (for the period from January to April), the sum of precipitation of the previous year (for the whole year), the number of hours of infection (in the current year). It was established that such factors as the number of hours of infection, the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C in April and during the period from January to April, as well as the sum of precipitation in March and April, are the most important in the dynamics of peach leaf curl development and spread. High rates of leaf curl spread and development are caused by the number of hours of infection in the range of 1440 ... 2064 hours, as well as by low air temperatures in March and April (the sum of temperatures above +4 °C – 89,4-240,4° and 283,7-316,7°, respectively) and high air temperatures - in January and February (the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C – 155,3-259,6° and 243,5-280,1°, respectively)
Models of model trees in the manner of equations for calculation of the current increase of trees at radius in cedar, mixed fir and pine plantings are received. At calculation of the current increase at radius and height using the diameter of a tree on height bosom without cortex, age tree and average distance from nearest tree on radius is recommended.
The dependence of the productivity of the Riesling
Rennel vineyards and the quality of table wine from it
under the conditions of the Anapa-Taman Winegrowing
Zone was studied. It is established that the
vineyards of the Riesling Rhine variety are planted
with the highest yield, planted according to the
scheme of 3.5x1 m. In this embodiment, at a density
planting shrubs 2857 pcs. / Ha, the yield of grapes was
the highest - 131.4 c / ha. Maximum accumulation of
sugars in the grapes observed in the variants with a
width of 2.5 m aisle highest extract content from
different wine stocks options with row spacing of 2.5
m where the amount of extractables amounted to 17.1
- 19.2 g / dm3
. The increase in the total concentration
of aromatic compounds of up to 540 mg / dm 3
helps
to improve the quality of white table wine, and further
growth of aromatics to 1090 mg / dm3
- it reduces the
organoleptic evaluation. High tasting marks (7.88-8.29
points) received wine materials from sites having a
spacing of 3.5 m. Thus, considering the quality of the
wine, the cost of planting material, laying and care of
vineyards, it is worth considering the 3.5x1 planting
scheme , 5 m more suitable for the production of
quality table wines in the Black Sea agroecological
zone of viticulture in the south of Russia
Development of confectionery sunflower openpollinated
varieties (OP-varieties) is a prospect
direction in sunflower breeding. High price level for
confectionery sunflower seeds pushes forward the
breeding program. The aim of our work is to study
dependence of main valuable confectionery seed
characteristics from plant density and to identify
sunflower samples, which decrease seed size at
minimum level under high plant density. The study
was done at All-Russia Oil Crops Research Institute
(VNIIMK) named by V.S. Pustovoit (Krasnodar) in
2015 and 2016. Seeds of different biotypes of OP
sunflower variety called Dzhinn were used as a
material. Samples were sown with 2 replications.
Every plot had 1 row. The highest yield of OP variety
Dzhinn was obtain under plant density 60 000 plants
per ha. 1000-seeds weight decreased with increasing
plant density up to 60 000 plants per ha. Prospect for
future breeding samples were identified which not
decrease the level of valuable traits under higher plant
density
The article contains the results of the researches on the experimental field in the "Kuban" educational farm of Kuban State Agrarian University. In the black leached soil we defined particle size, the structure and the composition of water-physical properties of the soil, which are the most important conditions for high and stable crop productivity. We also gave morphological and genetic characteristics of the soil
The ecological state of soil on the globe is unstable.
Intensification of agricultural production is
accompanied by negative trends in changes in soil
fertility. One of the most important indicators of soil
fertility is its structural state. With a long time
cultivation of grapes in one place, the physical
properties of the soil deteriorate. The purpose of our
research is to study the process of destruction of soil
structure during the cultivation of vineyards. The
object of research is the soils of plots of various
agricultural uses (vineyards, field crop rotation, forest
belts). The research methods used in the work are
route-field surveys, a laboratory study of the waterphysical
properties of the soil. The article presents the
data of the structural-aggregate composition of the soil
from plots of various agricultural uses. From the data
given, it can be seen that the soil occupied by the vine
plantations is characterized by a poor structure and low
structure of the arable horizon. The share of
agronomically valuable aggregates is 40.4%, the
structural coefficient is 0.68 units, while in the forest
belt this figure is 5.7 units. The increased mechanical
load on the soil during the cultivation of vineyards
leads to a deterioration in the physical properties of the
soil. Soil with low indicators of physical condition is
more susceptible to erosion processes, such as water
and wind erosion. Water erosion annually causes great
damage to agricultural lands throughout the world. The
article clearly demonstrates and scientifically
substantiated the negative effect of the system of soil
content of vineyards on the type of black steam. Also
proposed are ways to reduce the mechanical load on
the soil and prevent the development of degradation
processes in the soils of vineyards
The influence of growth, its ripened part and the
diameter of the vine at the base of the shoot on the
growth power of 922 seedlings of 55 combinations of
crosses in 2011 and 2012 was studied (planting scheme
3 x 1 m), seedlings of grapes of the second and third
years of vegetation in the field conditions of the
Southern coast of Crimea. The mean vine maturation
for all populations was 64.7%, the diameter at the base
of the shoots was 3.3 mm. After pruning to reverse
growth, in the third year of vegetation of seedlings
(2014), the length of growth of shoots increased
significantly and the average for populations it became
73.3 cm. The coefficient of variation increased, 26%, -
it acquired the character of a significant deviation from
the general population. This happened because the
seedlings, which had a vine growth less than 25 cm in
the second year of vegetation, had a growth of only 35
cm in the third year, whereas in all seedlings that had a
growth of more than 30 cm, in the following year shoots increased almost 1, 5 and 2 times more.
Formulas are proposed for estimating the growth force
of seedlings according to the 9-score scale OIV (OIV)