Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Polythematic online scientific journal
of Kuban State Agrarian University
ISSN 1990-4665
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16400 kb

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT SCHEMES OF ORGANIZATION OF SQUASH HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KRASNODAR REGION

abstract 1211607072 issue 121 pp. 1151 – 1165 30.09.2016 ru 384
In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, we consider the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of seeds obtained when using different schemes of organization of hybrid seed production of squash in the Krasnodar region. As a result of studying various techniques in the production of hybrid seed of summer squash, we have established the effectiveness of using open pollination, and assessed the approbation of the signs of F1 hybrid plants obtained under different schemes of organization of hybrid seed production of squash
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PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GROWTH AND FRUITING OF PEACH ON VVA-1 CLONAL ROOTSTOCK, DEPENDING ON THE LAYOUT OF TREES

abstract 1211607082 issue 121 pp. 1324 – 1334 30.09.2016 ru 422
The article presents results of the evaluation of the physiological aspects of growth and fruiting of peach on clonal rootstock VVA-1, depending on the layout of the trees. It was found that when forming a spindleshaped crown, the most productive planting scheme is 5,0Ñ…1,5 m, at which the most optimized physiological processes were proved
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USAGE OF SEEDLINGS FOR RECEIVING ULTRAEARLY HARVESTS OF POTATO

abstract 1211607084 issue 121 pp. 1359 – 1368 30.09.2016 ru 441
Using of seedling method for growing early potatoes accelerates the starting processes of growth and development of plants, and the application of temporary covers of the nonwoven covering materials protects the landing from sudden temperature changes and relapsing frost. To receive seedlings of early potatoes we used standard seed tubers of 60-80 g weigh of the following varieties: Agata, Red Scarlett, Kislovodskiy, Vershininskiy and Sheri. By the time of planting in the ground, depending on the varieties, the height of seedling was from 13 to 26 cm, the number of leaves - 7-10 pieces. Conducting of trial unearthing of potato showed that on 45 days after transplanting into the ground (the second decade of May), it is possible to receive up to 10, 5-11, 4 t/ha (Agata and Red Scarlett varieties). On 55 days (the third decade of May), the yield reached 26, 4 t/ha of standard tubers, and in the first decade of June the yield was from 26, 4 to 50, 6 t/ha. The maximum yield of standard tubers of 50, 6 t/ha was obtained by lifting on 65 days with the Red Scarlett variety. In the terms of the Astrakhan region the growing of early potato by seedling method with using of temporary cover allows to receive the ultra-early harvest of marketable tubers in the II-III decade of May
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EFFECT OF FATTY-ACID CONCENTRATE (FAC) AND CARNITINE ON PERFORMANCE, PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS

abstract 1211607089 issue 121 pp. 1453 – 1472 30.09.2016 ru 499
An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of fatty acid concentrate (FAC), as a new source of energy and carnitine on performance, physiological condition and meat quality of broiler chickens. In experiment there were four groups of 80 chickens of cross Hubbard each (males: females=40:40) in age period 0-41 days. 1 group (control) received in during the periods 0-14, 15-28 and 29-41days, sunflower oil (SO) respectively 5.34%, 5.50%, and 6.10%, group 2 received the same amounts of FAC instead SO, 3 group - mixture SO:FAC (50:50), 4 group -FAC + 0,25% carnitine. Final body weight: 1 group = 2574±29 g, 2 group FAC= 2553±27 g 3 group SO + FAC = 2531±34 g., 4 group FAC+0,25 carnitine = 2520±34 g. Feed conversion, digestibility of nutrients, blood hematology and biochemistry, the condition of organs, meat quality and cutting of carcass of chickens on FAC had no any differences from the same signs in chicks on SO. Carnitine had a positive effect on chicken growth only in the period 0-14 and less 15-28 days; in the period 29-41 days daily gain was below, than that in 1-3 groups. Canitine reduced the content of liver fat. Outcome: FAC is a satisfactory source of energy, comparable with vegetable oils. The price of FAC is 30% lower in comparison with sunflower oil and soybean oils, therefore its use in broiler poultry farming instead of vegetable oils will be of great economic importance
190 kb

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SYMBIOTIC FEED SUPPLEMENT IN RATION OF LOHMANN BROWN EGG CROSS CHICKENS

abstract 1211607090 issue 121 pp. 1473 – 1486 30.09.2016 ru 486
The purpose of the research is to compare the effect of a new symbiotic feed supplement created based on propionic and lactic acid bacteria with a widely used domestic and foreign enzyme-probiotic preparations in chickens 0-28 days of age of the Lohmann Brown egg cross. In the experiment, there were six groups of chickens: group 1 received basal diet (BD); group 2 – BD + symbiotic preparation; group 3 – BD + Bacell; group 4 – BD + Agrocell; group 5 – BD + Agroksil; group 6 – BD + Ollzaym Vegpro. Average daily gain, food conversion rate per 1g of weight gain, digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, made up respectively: group 1 – 8.17, 1.91, 71.4, 58.3, 68.0, 81.1; group 2 ˗ 8.36, 1.90, 72.4, 60.2, 69.7, 88.1; group 3 – 8.13, 1.91, 73.1, 60.2, 69.7, 88.1; group 4 – 8.33, 1.86, 74.2, 62.5, 72.2, 87.6; group 5 – 8.50, 1.83, 77.3, 64.1, 73.4, 95.4; group 6 – 7.91, 1.92, 73.2, 67.5, 70.7, 94.3. The growth rate of chickens fed with symbiotic feed supplement was 2.3% higher than in the control and they showed the highest fiber digestibility. The chickens on diet with Agroksil enzyme efficiently raised growth rate (+4%) and reduced feed costs (-4.2%). Agrocell increased weight gain by 2% and reduce feed costs by 2.6%. The growth rate of chickens fed Ollazaym Vegpro was the lowest (96.8% of control), despite the fact that it increased significantly the digestibility of crude protein, but slightly improved the digestibility of other nutrients. Outcome: symbiotic feed supplement may be of interest as a means of increasing the productivity of chickens
869 kb

YIELD PREDICTION OF TECHNICAL GRADES OF GRAPES WITH THE WHITE COLOR OF BERRIES ON THE BASIS OF A STUDY OF THE EMBRYONIC FRUITFULNESS OF BUD IN THE CONDITIONS OF ANAPA - TAMAN AREA OF THE KRASNODAR REGION

abstract 1211607094 issue 121 pp. 1545 – 1582 30.09.2016 ru 467
The article presents the data on the formation of the embryonic fruitfulness of central ovaries of wintering buds of the group of technical grape varieties with white berries - White Muscat; Pinot White, Chardonnay, Citron Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha; Riesling, Viorica, Riton, Crystal in the conditions of Anapa-Taman zone. There were revealed the rates of embryonic fruitfulness of central ovaries of buds of studied cultivars and fruiting indices of vegetative shoots developed from them. In all studied grape varieties there was revealed a high percentage of fruitful buds from 84,1 in the variety of Riton at 97.2 at Viorica; and the percentage of fertile vegetative shoots from 81,8 at the variety Citron Magaracha to 97.2 in the variety White Muscat. At the leveled load of bushes, vegetative shoots and the same scheme of planting of bushes (3 x 2 m), the highest yield in terms per hectare showed the varieties Pervenets Magaracha, Viorica, Riton, Crystal, Riesling and Citron Magarach. When assessing the economic efficiency the highest net income and level of profitability were identified in the varieties of Citron Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha, Viorica and Riton. In order to determine which buds will give us shoots with large, well-developed (well-differentiated) buds, and which will not give (weakly differentiated), it is necessary "to look inside a bud". But even already formed germs of inflorescences in the bud are able in a few days in spring or dedifferentiate or degrade depending on the influence of external conditions. Scientists have learned to use this ability to increase the maximum possible yield in years of severe damage of grape by frosts. Firstly, in frosty winters the central buds wither out. The replacing buds usually have poor fruiting and bad productivity during years. In such cases, it is more profitable to conduct a small cutting of angle buds arranged in a circle at the base of a shoot. At the beginning of the second vegetation phase, these buds will obtain the great bulk plastic substances, which will cause the dedifferentiation of rudiments of inflorescences in them. Thus, it is possible not only to restore rapidly the normal shape of a bush, but to obtain a good harvest this year
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THE RESULTS OF IMPROVEMENT OF RED STEPPE AND HOLSTEIN CATTLE IN BREEDING FARMS OF THE KRASNODAR REGION

abstract 1211607095 issue 121 pp. 1583 – 1594 30.09.2016 ru 422
The modern cattle breeding in Russia is characterized by dynamic development, development of intensive technologies, increase in production, but at the same time, there are problems of increase in production of milk due to increase of dairy efficiency of cows at the most effective manifestation of the available level of their genetic potential. For the solution of this problem, i.e. for genetic improvement of dairy cattle, creation of new breeds, intra pedigree or zone types, more than 100 thousand of bulls with high genetics, and also 430 thousand heifers were delivered to Russia for the last 10 years. In this regard, the purpose of our researches was to study the level of genetic potential of dairy cows in breeding farms of "Nasha Rodina" of Gulkevichsky region, Vasyurinsky milk farm of Dinsky region, the Firm «Agrocomplex» of Vyselkovskiy region (Gazyrskoye enterprise), "Urozhay" of Kanevskoy region from 2000 to 2014, by using bulls of Golshtinsky breed. Researches have shown that in farms of the Krasnodar region producers with the high level of potential from 10791,0 kg to 12045 kg on milk were yield used on a breeding uterine livestock; from 4,22 to 4,40% of fat; from 3,32 to 3,49% of protein in milk. As a result the level of potential of daughters of bulls and cows in herds of farms was from 7774 to 9144 kg of milk; from 3,89 to 4,05% of fat; from 3,26 to 3,67% of protein in milk. However, genetic potential of new generation of animals is shown not completely. It is influenced by partial compliance of the created technological conditions of biology of animals, and indicators of breeding value of producers, with their prepatent indicators. Calculations of breeding value indexes of bulls – fathers of cows in the herd of "Urozhay" have shown that each bull has its breeding value, an ability to transfer the qualities to posterity. Bulls of Golshtinsky breed of red – motley color ( Pan 2037 and Tulup 78160689), by results of comparison of milk yields of daughters, mothers and contemporaries, had negative prepatent indexes of milk yield and milk protein content (according to F.F. Eysper and V. Sidorova). The data confirm the need of carrying out an obligatory index assessment of bulls before their use on the farm in order to avoid receiving descendants with low dairy efficiency
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ASSESSMENT OF CARBON-DEPOSIT AND OXYGEN-PRODUCING PART OF ARTIFICIAL FOREST PLANTATIONS OF THE KUBAN FORESTRY IN THE KARACHAYCHERKESSIA REPUBLIC

abstract 1211607103 issue 121 pp. 1677 – 1691 30.09.2016 ru 323
Currently, due to the risk of global warming because of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, carbon-deposit function of forest ecosystems, thanks to which stabilization of gas composition of the atmosphere takes place, has great importance [1]. Forest is one of the main components of the biosphere. Forests protect soil from erosion, provide stability hydrological regime of rivers, supply atmosphere with oxygen, biologically active substances, purify of harmful impurities, create optimal environmental conditions and play an important environmental role. However, because of intensive anthropogenic influence (unregulated logging, technogenic environmental pollution recreation) forest ecosystems are experiencing stresses at which irreversible processes of degradation of communities of economically valuable main forestforming species of both natural and artificial origin take place [6]. Evaluating carbon-deposit function of forest plantations, CO2 emissions to the atmosphere through the soil respiration must be taken into account, which can vary within wide limits. Productivity of forests is largely driven by carbon dioxide, released from the soil. Soil carbon dioxide provides demand of forest plants for photosynthesis. With increasing intensity of soil respiration, positive balance is maintained [2]. Based on the method of V.I. Tarankov for evaluation of carbon-deposit and oxygen-producing functions of wood cenoses [2], similar research is carried out in RSI "Kuban forestry", the KarachayCherkessia Republic
152 kb

APPLICATION OF BIOFUNGICIDES CALLED GUAPSIN AND TRIHODERMIN DURING THE PERIOD OF PRODUCTION OF GRAFTED PLANTING MATERIAL AT THE STAGE OF STRATIFICATION OF GRAFTED GRAPES CUTTINGS

abstract 1211607104 issue 121 pp. 1692 – 1702 30.09.2016 ru 389
The article gives the results of the three years of research to identify the main species composition of fungal pathogens when stratified open and closed methods. Biological efficiency of Guapsin, 0,2%, and Trichodermin, 0,5% is shown. During the period of stratification, using an open method "on the water", the following pathogens have evolved: Cladosporium herbarum (18,6%), Trichotecium roseum (16,3%), Phomopsis viticola (13,9%), Alternaria spp. (13,4%), Penicillium sp. ( 9,1%), Aspergillus sp. (5,6%), Pythium sp. (4,3%), Gonatobotrys flava (4,3%), Mycelia sterilia (2,8%), Botrytis cinerea (2,2%). The studies found that the close method of stratification in the peat developed the following specific composition of pathogens: Penicillium spp. (21,1%), Phomopsis viticola (16,4%), Botrytis cinerea (15,3%), Trichotecium roseum (11,1%), Alternaria spp. (8,2%), Mycelia sterilia (1,0%). During the period of stratification, biological efficiency Guapsin, 0.2%, and Trichodermin, 0,5%, was 31,9-88,0% and 28,2-86,3%, respectively
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INFLUENCE OF RATES AND COMBINATIONS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON YIELD OF CORN AND AGROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FERTILITY OF THE LEACHED CHERNOZEM OF WESTERN FORECAUCASUS

abstract 1211607107 issue 121 pp. 1732 – 1748 30.09.2016 ru 476
For the purpose of preservation of soil fertility at relatively low economic expenses, we have conducted researches on optimization of doses and combinations of mineral fertilizers by cultivation of field corn hybrid called "Krasnodar 382" in a stationary field experiment of the Department of agrochemistry in the training farm "Kuban", in the conditions of the leached chernozem of Central zone of the Krasnodar region. The main impact on receiving high-quality corn gives the content of plant nutrients in soil. Our researches showed that the application of the complete fertilizer in various doses has had influence on the content of essential plant nutrients in the soil. The maximal values of the content of mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium during all phases of vegetation have been got in options with double N60P60K40 and triple N90P90K60 dose of the complete fertilizer. Sufficient supplying the soil with plant nutrients by fertilizing has entailed the enhance of corn yield. Great crop of corn has been reaped during the experiment. After three years of researches, the productivity has reached averaged 58,7 cwt/hectare. The greatest productivity has been received in the option with application of triple and double dose of the complete fertilizer and amounted 68,5 and 68,0 cwt/hectare, what is 47% and 45,9% more, compared to the option without any application of fertilizers. The main substance, which defines nutritional value of corn, is proteins. Application of fertilizers under the conditions of our experiment has promoted enhancing the protein content in corn. The application of mineral fertilizers has promoted increase of the content of crude protein in corn. Maximal it was in option with application of the complete mineral fertilizer in the double dose of N60P60K40 – 9.6%, when reaped protein has amounted 6,5 cwt/hectare. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that it is most expedient to fertilize field corn with the dose of N60P60K40 and N90P90K60
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