The article considers the accelerated reprocessing
technology for recycling pig manure into organic
fertilizer. Today, closely relevant is the matter of
environmentally friendly technologies for cattle
manure utilization. Export of wastes in its pure form to
agricultural land cannot be applied, because disease
causing and chemical compound penetrated the soil,
entered the groundwater and contaminated many water
sources. Experiments for the accelerated reprocessing
of the pig manure into organic fertilizer were
conducted on the basis of PCF No. 2 of the APC
"Maryanskaya" in the Krasnoarmeisky district. With
the aim of eliminating the filtering of pollutants in soil
and groundwater, the experiment was performed in a
concreted area, located within a farm. For the test, we
used pig manure of animals, whose age was 2-8
months. The total weight of used manure was 40 t. The
accumulation of manure was carried out in containers,
containing 4 tons; the total time for the accumulation
of necessary amount of manure for 2 months.
Comparing the quality of compost obtained by the
proposed technology recommended for industrial
applications, control, we found differences in the
chemical and biological properties. Overall, the
conducted experiment has allowed to establish that the
best option, given the speed of the flow of chemical
and biological processes, demands environmental
protection, is composting manure with straw, adding a
biological product "Tamir" at the rate of 0.5 l/t. The
Obtained results are comparable with data of previous
years and indicate the possibility of reducing the
quantity of a biological product from 1 to 0.5 l/t of
waste without reducing the efficiency of the process of
accelerated decomposition of nitrogenous organic
compounds
The experiment considered the influence of different
methods of agricultural technologies on the yield of
winter barley in the dependence of the investigated
factors. The studies were carried out at the
experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian
University in the conditions of multifactorial longterm
soil monitoring. The experiment was carried out
in a typical 11-field grain-grass-tillage crop rotation
with the following alternation of crops: alfalfa, alfalfa,
winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, winter wheat,
corn for grain, winter wheat, sunflower, winter wheat,
spring barley with sowing of alfalfa. Stationary
experience is represented by the following factors: the
level of fertility (factor A); fertilizer system (factor B);
plant protection system (factor C) and methods of
basic soil cultivation (factor D). The relationship
between the influence of the soil fertility level,
fertilizer norms, plant protection products, the soil
cultivation system and yield, and the crop structure of
the perspective winter barley variety ‘Gordey’ were
determined. The soil is chernozem leached superheavy
light-clay with an average thickness of the
humus horizon - 150 cm. It is found that fertilizer, soil
treatment, seeding method; protective means increase
the yield of winter barley and positively influences the
elements of the yield structure. The yield increase in
comparison with the control changed from 10.4 to 26.8
c / ha. The statistical processing data show that the
fertilizer system (35.8%) and soil cultivation (27%)
had a certain influence on the number of productive
stems; the fertilizer system (44.6%) influenced the
spike size, the fertilizer system (28%) and the tillage
(32.8%) had influence on the amount of grain in the
spike and influenced the mass of grain from the spike
Increasing the productivity of agricultural plants,
including rice, is the most important area of breeding.
The creation of varieties with vertically leaved
architectonics allows to have a qualitative approach
not only to the process of formation of a highly
productive agrocenosis, but also to solve questions of
assessing the productivity of rice. To create highly
productive varieties, it is necessary to develop new,
more efficient methods of selection
The fattening of Holstein cattle for more than 90 % provides the beef cattle division of the firm «Agrocomplex» based in the village of Vyselki, the Krasnodar region. The share of the Aberdeen Angus breed is 6.3 % and Charolais at 0.6 %. The reason for insufficient supply with fattening complex of Charolais cattle is a high indicator of severe parturition, postpartum complications, and reduced productive longevity of cows of breeding herds of these breeds. In a "Livestock complex" bulls of breeds of Holstein, Charolais and Aberdeen Angus reach the required values of live weight for the established standards of the breeding time. Charolais have the best indicators of absolute and relative weight gain and the shortest feeding season. The profitability of cattle fattening in CJSC company "Agrocomplex" is low, but the efficiency of the industry is ensured by the presence of its own processing plants. To improve the profitability of beef production it is required to increase the proportion of specialized breeds for meat productivity; to generate the most uniform by age and live weight of the group; identify the cause of the high rate of culling of Charolais cows for postpartum complications and take action to address them
In the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes
develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty
particles along the profile, water-soluble humus,
mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most
intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog
soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains
plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief
elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical
and oxidation-reduction properties for
cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop
rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high
checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones
This article discusses the results of the study to determine the impact of different primary tillage and herbicide against weeds in winter wheat agrocenosis. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and surface treatment) factor A and herbicide (Lancelot) factor B on the agro-physical and agrochemical soil properties. It has been established that the content of productive moisture during the growing period of winter wheat in 0-100 cm of soil layer didn’t depend on the method of tillage. Introduction of herbicide Lancelot boosted the moisture reserves in soil compared to the control type, in the herbicide-free type the weeds absorb the large amounts of moisture. Surface soil treatment did not have negative effects on soil agro-physical properties and its structure in comparison with moldboard plowing. Number of agronomically valuable aggregates on moldboard plowing is 85.2 - 87.5%, on surface one is - 86.2 87.5%. Density of composition and waterproof aggregates under surface treatment didn’t defer to tillage. Accumulation of wet and dry mass by weeds regardless to the way of soil tillage declined to a minimum when introducing the herbicide Lancelot. The high yield of winter wheat was obtained on this type. Mathematical processing results have shown that due to factor A (main soil tillage) to moldboard plowing the average productivity is 57.5 kg/ha, on surface one is 56.0 kg/ha, i.e. the difference between treatments is 1.5 t/ha (with NSR05 on factor - 2.9 t/ha) is insignificant. To factor B (herbicides) on control the productivity is 54.5 kg/ha, introduction of Lancelot increased the productivity to 59.5 t/ha, i.e. the increase was 5.5 kg/ha at NSR05-by the factor B-2.9 t/ha, i.e. is significant. Thus, the present soil treatments had no effect on yield of winter wheat in ordinary black soil. The use of herbicide Lancelot has produced the harvest increase in 0.5 t/ha on average for 2 years
Using of organomineral composts to preserve fertility and restore ecological functions of chernozem soils in the Krasnodar territory is necessary. Their composition depends on the properties of chernozem soils and can include various wastes of industry and agriculture. The main component of compost can be organic wastes of livestock, and plant residues and mineral additives are additional compost components. Peculiarities of the interaction of the components of the organomineralic mixture, which including manure of cattle and phosphogypsum, are considered in the work. In the interaction of organic particles of cattle manure and phosphogypsum particles, structural formations are formed where the phosphogypsum particles are enveloped by particles of cattle manure. The experience of composting this organomineral mixture with various crop residues of crops was carried out. Plant residues according to the intensity of decomposition in composts can be represented in the next row, beginning with more decomposed ones: sugar beet> winter wheat> winter barley> corn> sunflower. The composts obtained were characterized by a well-aggregated structure with a predominance of particles 1-2 mm in diameter, good aeration, low density (1.01-1.10 g / cm3), and favorable humidity (22-25%). The structural factor of composts with different plant residues ranged from 3.1 to 4.3 units. The best physical properties were compost, including plant residues of sugar beet, the worst - sunflower. The combination of an organomineral mixture with various plant residues contributed to a decrease in alkalinity of the substrate, a slowing of the mineralization of organic matter, restraint of ammonification processes, and an increase in the content of total nitrogen and phosphorus
The article gives an overview of the current
developments of scientists of the Russian Federation in
the field of production of feed concentrates and
premixes for cattle. A critical analysis of feed
concentrates and premixes of preventive and
compensatory action for the control of mycotoxicoses
was carried out, and their brief characteristics were
given. The characteristic of biologically active
substances and fillers, declared in the recipes of feed
concentrates and premixes, is given. It is shown that
the alternative to existing feed concentrates and
premixes on the market is vitamin-mineral fodder
concentrate "Tetra +", developed by the authors. Based
on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the
relevance of studies to identify the effectiveness of
vitamin-mineral fodder concentrate "Tetra +" in
livestock
A variety determines the direction of use of grape
products and plays a leading role in improving its
quality. Preservation of genetic resources of grapes
and their studying are very important for modern
science. The studied material makes it possible to use
the selected genetic characteristics for breeding new
varieties of grapes, taking into account the
requirements, and introducing them into production, as
well as highlighting the most valuable varieties for
transferring them to the state variety testing. Among a
wide variety of grape varieties, in the ampelographic
collection there are varieties of AZOSVIV selection of
the technical direction: Krasnostop AZOS and
Dostoiniy, for which complete phenotyping was
carried out. The phenological and agrobiological
information on the grape varieties studied for 2015-
2017 is collected. The presented grades of grapes of
the technical direction are characterized by high
quality of production. The wines from the varieties
Krasnostop AZOS and Dostoiniy are competitive,
characterized with high consumer properties; they
enjoy the well-deserved fame and were nominees of
exhibitions and holders of diplomas repeatedly. Based
on the results of microsatellite profiling, the varieties
showed a sort-specific general combination of alleles.
At the same time, in each locus there is one identical allele, which corresponds to the fact that the varieties
Krasnostop AZOS and Dostoiniy have one common
parent (Phylloxer-resistant Gemete). The received
formulas of a variety (DNA-passports) in practice can
be effectively applied to determine the cleanliness of
planting stock and plantations of grapes, specification
of the parent forms of the sample and in the disputed
questions of the authorship of the variety. The study
was supported by Federal Agency for Scientific
Organizations program for support the bioresource
collections
Currently, personal subsidiary farms (PSF) have an
important place in solving of the food security problem
in some regions and the country as a whole. The
organization of optimal and sustainable management
strategy of maintenance for PSF should be planned
according to the study of functioning of PSF. The
authors propose a unified methodical approach for
complex accounting of energy costs of external and
internal flows involved in the production of
agricultural products. Comparative energy
characteristic of the functioning of the two personal
subsidiary farms located in the Tomsk oblast and
having different socio-economic and climatic
conditions is presented in the article. Both farms are
located in the taiga zone of Western Siberia.
Calculations of the energy content of all the incoming
and outgoing flows involved in the economic activities
of PSF showed that the flow of technogenicanthropogenic
energy is the most energy-intensive for
both farms. Some conformity in the energy structure
of consumption of their own product takes place
despite the different types of stockbreeding
specialization. An assessment of the level of selfsufficiency
in food has shown that more favourable
socio-economic conditions create preconditions for an
increase of the anthropogenic flow. While PSF located
in remote areas are forced to conduct of business
activities with maximum using of natural resource
potential