Nowadays, fruit trees are subjected to influence of
abiotic stress-factors. The reaction of fruit plants on the
influence of media plays an important role. Experiments
were conducted in two (Northern and Central) fruit
zones of the Krasnodar region since 2013 to 2015, there
was shown the possibility of application of
hydroabsorbents as a stable source of water supply of
fruit trees in specific natural conditions of the South of
Russia in the conditions of field experiment. There were
shown the peculiarities of technological ways of water
supply of fruit trees in specific natural conditions of the
south of Russia. There was determined that the necessity
in watering of a garden’s plots with the use of
hydroabsorbents Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 with the
supporting of soil’s moisture in 80% in Northern zone
in the end of May, in central fruit zone in the middle of
May. There was proven that the application of
hydroabsorbents Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 guarantees the
stable water supply in limits of 75-80% from NV since
planting in apple-trees of varieties of Renet Simirenko
and Golden Delicious grafted on the stock M9 and
planted on the scheme 4,0 х 1,0 м during three years.
The work of the system of “soil-roots-leaves”
independently on weather and soil conditions is
provided
The article contains complex research results dedicated
of reproduction the cattle of the animal breeding
industry in the agricultural holding called “Kuban”.
Key indicators characterizing reproductive function at
cows were set; they were estimated in terms of the
plans of the economy in the milk cattle breeding
industry. The reduced values of the birth-rate of calves
were revealed on 100 cows and in the term of the
production use of cows, their main reasons were set.
The performed calculations prove the possibility of
increasing the profitability of milk production
The article contains research results on the influence
of duration of the first lactation period of sows on
reproductive qualities. The authors have detected
basic problems which reduce indices reproduction of
purebred pigs of the breed of Yorkshire and hybrids
of F1 (Yorkshire x Landras) under conditions of a
new complex. It was found that because of the
increase in duration of lactation period of the sows it
is impossible to increase the safety of the piglets
with a reduced live mass (from big nests and slow in
growth) and improve the reproductive quality of
sows. This method has been used in the economy
what led to a notable improvement in the indices of
pig breeding
The article studies the influence of the interaction of two technologies of plant protection: breeding- immunological and chemical. The studies were conducted on the varieties and lines of soft winter, durum wheat and triticale, established in Krasnodar research institute named after P. P. Lukyanenko, and also, on varieties of an alien and foreign selection. When considering the correlations in the group of genotypes, forming a necrotic type of reaction to the introduction of the pathogen (the first group of varieties), the significant negative correlation (r - 0,76) between the change in the mass of 1000 grains and the number of unproductive stems formed by one plan was established. The model of the severity of brown rust pathogen in sparse crops of wheat has been collaborated. According to the model, the development of the pathogen in the tissues of the leaves of the host plant leads initially to a change in the relations of the productive and unproductive stems. The change of these parameters significantly affects on the variability of indicators such as the mass of grains from one ear, number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. Negligible volatility of weight for 1000 grains suggests that the major losses of productivity in the flowering stage are due to abortive flowers. This model can explain the increase in the mass of 1000 grains in some varieties for tolerance change experiments with the defeat of plants of P. Triticina on micro-plots
The created hybrids with new lines and testers
were studied in 2014-2015, in the conditions of
the central zone of the Krasnodar region and the
Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh and
Belgorod regions). As a parent forms for
selection of early ripening and Medium early
corn hybrids there were used lines of various
groups of ripeness of the ident heterosis group:
Kr 714 Kr 740 Kr 757 Kr 651 Kr and 602. All of
these lines had high combining ability, and the
line 602 Cr was used as a donor for a quick return
of moisture from the grain when ripening. With
the participation of the lines from the collection
of the Institute and the donor line, we have
created four hybrid combinations on the basis of
which, the selection was received by the five-year
selection of new source material for breeding new
hybrids of corn. The assessment of comutiny
capacity of new lines was performed using a linetesters
of the genetic institute collections of
721MV Cr, Cr 801MV, Kr 654 Kr 244MV, Cr
602MV, Kr and Kr 802MV 752. Lines testers
were represented by a heterosis group of
Lancaster, Stiff Stalk Synthetic and wide lines
with a genetic basis. According to the guidelines
of the State strain testing of crops, and as a result
of the field experiment, we have calculated the
energy savings for new early maturing corn
hybrids in comparison with the standard ones.
Saving energy for equivalent fuel from new
hybrids of corn comparing to the standard for 1
ha of crop was due to their grain productivity and
varied depending on the conditions of the
Voronezh region from 81.4 to 101.5 kg, in the
Krasnodar region it was 79,0-97,9 kg
One of the limiting factors to obtain high yields of
grape plantations in Anapa-Taman subzones with good
quality is moisture. Grape plant adapts well to a
limited amount of moisture in the soil. The penetration
of roots deep into the soil horizons may reach 5-6
meters, provided with a moderate density of the soil
and the lack of limiting factors such as the presence of
ground water and limiting the content of toxic soluble
salts. In the course of mathematical data processing we
have established a trend of increasing average annual
rate of precipitation in the period from 1932 to 2015.
In the years when the amount of precipitation for the
year exceeds the average long-term performance, the
key amount of precipitation in the summer months in a
downpour and in a limited area. Average annual
amount of precipitation in the period from 1932 to
2015 was 519 mm, the minimum was recorded in 2002
(324 mm), the maximum - in 1981 (800 mm). Despite
the general trend of increasing average annual rainfall
over the years, moisture deficit is in the soil.
Accounting of moisture saving dynamics in the soil in
the 2015-2016's indicates the absence of moisture
reserves. Optimal soil moisture values were observed
only in May and June, and only half meter layer of
soil. In the phase of growth and ripening berries (July,
August, September) soil moisture content was much
lower than the permissible value, which is comparable
with the level of wilting point. For the stable-quality
grape raw materials it is necessary to pay more
attention to the water and the air regime of the soil
Barley (hordeum vulgare) is a valuable food and
forage crop. It is cultivated in the world on an area
of about 60 million hectares. A major region of
barley cultivation in the Russian Federation is the
Southern Federal District. The variety is one of the
main factors determining the demand for crop. To
use the varieties effectively we must have a
complex of economically valuable traits such as
hardiness, resistance to lodging, disease and pest
resistance. These traits make it possible to generate
the harvest high and stable from year to year. The
article is devoted to the analysis of winter barley
varieties, created in the south of Russia from
ancient times to the present day. The main
achievements of the leading Russian breeding
facilities and experienced breeders of scientists set
out in chronological order. The article describes the
methods and principles of selection (from
individual selection to mutagenesis and complex
selective breeding) used to breeding the new
varieties of winter barley. The most attention is
given to the outstanding varieties included to the
mating program today
The gaining of maximum amount of daily young
animals in a greater extent depends on disinfection of
incubation eggs which in complex of veterinarysanitary
arrangements held in poultry factories on
prevention and elimination of poultry infectious
diseases takes an important part. The perspective of
ozone application in industrial poultry breeding is
conditioned with its advantages which it
characterizes in comparison with other chemical
substances. It was settled that ozone has a special
ability to detain the growth of fungi on biological
substrates, also the process of mould appearance on
the surface of eggs’ shell even at 90% of relative
moisture. At substantiation of parameters and
regimes of electro-technological process of egg
storehouse ozonation there were implemented the
experimental researches. The general bacterial
semination of eggs’ shell decreased on 94,1% after
disinfection of incubaion eggs with ozone.
The relative faults of experimental values from
theoretical ones are 7%. In the result of production
trials there were set the parameters of quality of the
worked out electrotechnological process of egg
poultry factory storehouse ozonation: time of
regulation ‒ 8 minutes, dynamic fault ‒ 0,9,
coefficient of overcorrection ‒ 4,5%, generalized
integral mean-square index ‒ 10,6%. Obtained data
testify against the qualitative regulation of allocation
of concentration of ozone in a egg storehouse
Sorghum is a source of concentrated, succulent and
coarse forage. Its grain is used for making the mixed
fodder and as the concentrated forage for swine, cows,
sheep, horses and poultry. Sweet sorghum is successfully
used for silage and haylage. Green chop of Sudan grass
is used as fresh food for domestic animals and it’s used
for making hay and silage. The nutritional value of the
fodder is the way to meet the animal needs in nutrients,
necessary for living. To determine the nutritional value
of the fodder, oat fodder units and energy fodder units or
exchange energy are used. At present the assessment of
nutritional value according to fodder units is being
revised, because it doesn’t give the true picture of the
value of fodder nutrition and animal needs in nutrients.
The general energetic nutritional value of fodder is
considered as contents of all organic substances, supplied
with fodder or with its energy. The nutritional value of
fodder is valued according to the characteristics of its
chemical composition, digestion of nutrients and general
(energetic) nutritional value. The purpose of the work is
to assess the nutritional value of fodder, obtained from
the best sorghum varieties, as the food for different kinds
of agricultural animals. Sorghum, used as fodder for
poultry possesses the largest nutritional value. Among
the grain sorghum varieties, the variety ‘Zernogradskoe
88’ has got the biggest value of fodder units. The green
chop of Sudan grass and green fodder for silage of sweet
sorghum possess the greatest nutritional value for swine.
The varieties of Sudan grass ‘Krasava’ and ‘Arkadiya’
and the variety of sweet sorghum ‘Listvenit’ are the best
varieties according to the contents of fodder units
The article analyzes the possibility of complex
processing of one of the most important secondary raw
materials of Krasnodar region – sugar beet pulp with
the aim of obtaining a food product and enriched feed
additives. Meanwhile, the use of environmentally
safety technologies that cause minimal harm to the
environment and human health is provided. One of the
most valuable components of sugar beet pulp after
extraction of sugar is pectin substance. Sugar beet
pectin substances have high complexing ability and are
used not only in food industry, but also in medicine.
They are natural detoxifiers and antioxidants.
Currently, only dry powder pectin is produced from
sugar beet pulp and only by foreign producers. Making
food pectin extracts from sugar beet pulp will not only
reduce the number of processing steps, but also
significantly reduce the cost of the final product. Food
pectin extracts can be used not only as a standalone
product in treatment and prophylactic nutrition, but
also as an ingredient in the manufacture of soft drinks,
confectionery and bakery, meat and dairy products,
etc. The technology of producing a valuable
component of feed bioproduct based on spent sugar
beet pulp and a microscopic fungus of the genus
Trichoderma is described