This article discusses the results of a study to determine the impact of different primary tillage to sunflower yield. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage in the agrophysical and agrochemical soil properties. It has been established that the content of productive moisture during the growing period in 0-100 cm soil layer does not depend on the method of processing. Surface treatment of the soil did not have negative effects on soil properties and its agrophysical structure in comparison with moldboard ploughing. . When dump processing improves the density of the soil, accumulates more moisture in the autumn winter period, reduces the weediness of sunflower perennial weeds. Productivity in contaminated areas increases by 3.3 - 5.4 c / ha. On weed-free crops, the yield increased by 2.5 - 3.5 c / ha, due to the improvement of the physical parameters of the soil
The article presents the results of studies on the biological characteristics of growth and fruiting, as well as the yield of adaptive varieties of strawberries in the conditions of the Prikubanskaya horticulture zone of the Krasnodar region. The objects of study are new and promising varieties of strawberries: Zenga-zengana (k), Onda, San-Diaz. The experiments were performed using the method of randomized reps. In the experiment there are 3 options, in each there are three replications of 20 plants. Variants and repetitions are placed sequentially. Agricultural records of the growth and fruiting of strawberry plants were carried out according to generally accepted methods; statistical processing of research results was carried out using the analysis of a variance method described by B.A.Dospehov. The results of our research showed that Zenga-zengana bushes (control) turned out to be the tallest. In the Onda variety, the height of the bush is 2 cm less than in the control variety; and San Diez varieties are 4 cm, respectively. It should be noted that the most undersized plants require a smaller area of nutrition. It has been established that flowers pollinated a few days after their disclosure develop more rapidly into berries than those that were pollinated immediately after opening. Pollen in flowers of the first order is less than in flowers of the third or fourth order. The stamens of the first flowers are often underdeveloped, their pollen is released and germinates worse. In our experience, the average weight of fruits and the yield as a whole depends on the biological productivity of the varieties. Onda was the most fruitful variety, and the rest varieties were at the control level
Watermelon has great economic importance. The
fruits have high nutritional and medicinal value,
excellent taste, very healthy and are in great demand
among the population. Soil and climatic conditions of
the Temryuk district are favourable for growing
watermelon. High yield and excellent fruit quality in
the commercial led to the popularity of the Temryuk
watermelon not only on the black sea coast, but also
throughout Russia. The urgency of improving the
assortment of the watermelon is increased
competition among manufacturers, increasing
consumer culture of the population, the increase in
sales volumes, including due to the appearance on the
market of varieties and hybrids of non-traditional
colors of bark and pulp. The aim of our study was to
establish the most adapted hybrids of watermelon of
different segments, with high yield and marketability
of fruits, which are promising for growing in the
Temryuk district. Scientific novelty of our work lead
to the research objects – new, recently created
hybrids of watermelon, promising for cultivation in
the Krasnodar region. The work has great practical
significance, since on the basis of these studies
identified promising hybrids of watermelon foreign
seeds of various segments of the precocity, which
with appropriate cultivation agrobiological and
economic points of view
The creation of early maturing hybrids of corn with a high content of oil in grain is very important in modern agricultural production. Selection of such hybrids and lines is carried out by the FGBNU of the NZP named after P.P. Lukyanenko for many years. These articles presents the results of promising early maturing hybrids of maize and compare them for yield and oil content in grain from hybrid corn zoned Krasnodar 194 MV for the last two years in the competitive variety trial. The content of oil in the grain is given to both hybrids and their parent lines
The content of selenium in the soils of various genetic types varies widely. Its amount is lower in soils formed on volcanic rocks. On average, it is 0.2-0.6 mg/kg. In the soils formed on sedimentary rocks, the content of selenium is often in the range of 4.5-5.0 mg/kg and depending on the conditions of formation it varies widely, sometimes reaching 100 mg/kg. Predominantly they are alkaline soils, selenium concentrations in the soil solution is 10-6 moles. The content of selenium in most soil types of the Russian Federation and CIS countries varies in the range of 0.01-1.0 mg/kg. Floodplain, chestnut soils, black soils and gray soils are more enriched (0.3 to 1.0 mg/kg), whereas sod-podzolic and sandy soils are relatively depleted (0,05-0,2 mg/kg). Systematic application of mineral fertilizers on the fields of crop rotation leads to a decrease in total content in the leached black soil. Fertilizers contribute to increased mobility of this element and more intensive involvement of it in the biological cycle
As a result of the researching of anthropogenic influence on the agricultural landscape of Public Corporation "Agrofirma "Niva" from human economic activities with are related to: the pesticides and mineral fertilizers using; the work of agricultural machinery, and the movement of vehicles on the highway. The experimental material on the formation of dust masses and the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. On the researching territory was found out three times excess of zinc MPC* (23 mg/kg, including background) and four times more of lead MPC (6,0 mg/kg, including background)
*maximum permissible concentration
This article discusses the results of research on the effect of soil treatment on agro-physical performance and productivity of major field crops. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage (moldboard plowing), surface treatment (minimum) and zero (direct seeding) is factor A, fertilizers – B, and herbicides as factor C for agro-physical properties of soil. We have found that high density led to a significant increase in the proportion of the stone faction in the structural composition of the soil. Deterioration of the agro-physical properties while minimizing soil tillage has negatively affected water, air and food regimes under crops rotation. When all methods of soil tillage are applied, the moisture reserves in the 0-200 cm layer in early spring had the lowest values of moisture-holding capacity (230-272 mm) and were defined by the features of weather conditions and past cultures. At the time of sowing, their number decreased by 12% (203-241 mm). The most economical way of spending moisture was shown by plants on the moldboard tillage. In autumn, fewer weeds (7-11 PCs/m2) there were in the options for ploughing. When the surface and zero ways of soil treatments were applied, their number for 1 m2 was 1.2-1.9 times bigger. We effectively eliminated weeds only when applying herbicides. Different crop cultures reacted differently to minimizing the tillage. The greatest reduction in yield was observed when applied surface and zero tillage in cultivated crops. Thus, studies have shown that in order to obtain maximum yields of field crops of crop rotation, reducing production costs, there must be a rational combination of deep or conventional plough tillage for surface or zero tilled for grain crops
The article describes experimental material obtained in two long-term experiments of Kubsau on the impact of certain agricultural practices on the basic agrophysical and water indicators of leached black humus, heavy duty. The study was conducted in two agricultural landscapes of lowland rainfed and irrigated lowland-basin. The state of the agrophysical properties of the arable land in two districts of the region was given by Institute "Kuban Niigiprozems". We have established that during prolonged agricultural use, the biggest change of the parameters of the agrophysical properties occurred in the arable layer 0-20 cm. Particularly noticeable compaction was observed on meadow-black soils of lowland-basin agricultural landscapes. The condition of soil structure and the density of the composition influence of level of soil fertility and the system of primary tillage. With the increase in the level of fertility, the coefficient of structure increases. The density of the composition of the studied cultures are much more dependent on tillage to the end of vegetation, especially high is 1,31-1,36 g/cm, it was given by direct sowing. The most destructive effect on soil structure was made by a surface treatment system. Organic fertilizers encourage soil compaction. Manure has a positive impact on the stock of productive moisture in two-meter layer on the background of deep processing
Currently, more and more popular in the world are indigenous grape varieties. Now in Russia and abroad there is a growing interest in Krasnostops - a high quality indigenous red grape varieties of technical direction. The object of research was the red technical grape variety called Krasnostop Anapa and Krasnostop AZOS, grown in Anapa ampelocalamus and wine from them. As a control, we used two classic grape varieties of varying degrees of saturation in color and extract content of the wines of Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi. The article presents the materials of years of research – agrobiological, technological and economic indicators of technical grades of grapes of selection of the Anapa station – Krasnostop Anapa and Krasnostop AZOS. The amount of anthocyanins in wine from Anapa Krasnostops has superior data for these components in the control options. The mass concentration of phenolic substances and their monomer forms in wine materials of grape varieties Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapsky is higher than in the quality control of red wines-Cabernet Sauvignon, which indicates a high accumulation of phenolic substances in new grape varieties. In the years of the study of Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapsky on organoleptic properties of wine has received good performance - and of 8.78 8.73 points. The brands of wines developed on their basis will fill up a number of high-quality table and liqueur red wines in the Russian market. These grapes have high potential and great prospects in the light of the global trend of their use in winemaking. All this allows to recommend these grades for wide introduction into production in the southern wine-growing regions of Russia
Plants of winter wheat suppress weeds quite well, however, the use of herbicides is required, which prevents the new clogging up of soil. Under surface tillage it was observed a greater spread of weeds than under mold-board plowing. Introduction of the herbicide Lancelot regardless of ways of tillage has reduced this rate in 5.8 times. An important means of regulating of vital functions of soil microflora is tillage. 40% of all expenses ac-counted for the soil treatment required for cultivation of crops. Therefore it is important to study the effect of tillage on the course of microbiological processes in the upper 0-30 cm layer. The intensity of the decomposition of plant material by linen cloths method objectively reflects the status and activity of soil microflora. One of the signs of cultural soil condition is its ability of nitrification. Nitrification process is particularly slow in early spring, because this time the microbiological activity is weak because of low soil temperature. When the soil is progressing the number of nitrates increases and reaches its peak in summer, after that the process is fading. Studies have shown that under surface tillage, microbiological processes of decomposition of cellulose and the ability of soil nitrification compared with moldboard plowing are higher. The components of yield structure show features of yield formation. Tillage did not have an essential effect on crop structure elements. Application of herbicide Lancelot has significantly increased the number of productive stalks (7.3-10%) and mass of 1000 grains on 1.8 g or 4.5%. Grain yield of winter wheat did not depend on the primary tillage (57.5-56.5 kg/ha). Application of herbicide Lance-lot has allowed to receive allowance (on average for 2 years) 5.0 kg/ha. Grain quality indicators of winter wheat depend both on the hereditary traits and preferred growing conditions. The amount of gluten is not dependent on the main tillage, while the introduction of herbicide has increased gluten to 1.4%. Calculation of economic and bio-energy efficiency showed that the use of surface treatment in the cultivation of winter wheat on soil ordinarily is worthwhile