As a prospect in baking, a number of researchers propose to expand the range of products in the formulation of which include natural food dressers. The article presents the results of research on the development of the optimal formulation of bread from mixtures of wheat flour, wholemeal flour from grains of naked barley varieties Nudum 95 and wholemeal flour from grain triticale varieties Tsekad 90. To select the optimal mixture of wheat, barley and triticale flour, the following variants of the ratios were studied– 70:10:20; 60:20:20; 50:30:20; 50:20:30. As control we took flour of the highest grade from grain of strong wheat Novosibirsk 29. Flour mixtures studied by the gluten content is significantly inferior to the control version of the flour. In the version where 70% of wheat flour was used, gluten decreased by 5.1%, in the version with the amount of wheat flour 60%, gluten decreased by 8.0%. In subsequent variants, the difference in gluten content with the control variant was more than 10%. The lowest rate of flour strength (145 e.a.) in the version where barley flour reached 30% of the mixture. In other embodiments, the flour strength level 209-250 e.a., that is slightly different from the standards on valuable wheat (not less than 260 e.a.). In terms of baking quality has distinguished the case where the proportion of wheat flour was 70%, barley – 10% and triticale – 20% (the volume of bread 500 ml, total score of bread 4 points). In subsequent versions, the performance of baking qualities decreased. As a result of evaluation of mixtures of wheat, barley and triticale flour revealed the most optimal ratio – 70:10:20. This option is recommended for introduction into production for enrichment of wheat flour with nutritious components of barley and triticale grain
The article examines the results of studies on the study of changes in the structure of leached chernozem in the low-west agro landscape, depending on the technology of cultivation of field crops. The research task was to determine the effect of basic tillage (dumping plowing, non-loosening loosening and surface treatment) and fertilizer systems (mineral and organic in crop rotation) on the structure (aggregate composition of the soil) of the old irrigated leached chernozem. It was established that the aggregate composition of the arable layer when cultivating tilled crops (sugar beet, soybean and corn) was noticeably inferior to the structure of the treated layer under crops of solid crops (winter wheat, alfalfa). The content of agronomically valuable soil aggregates for roaches varied from 39.8% in corn to 53.4% in soybean. At the same time, the structural coefficient was 0.7-1.1. Cultures of continuous sowing increased the content of agronomically valuable soil aggregates of the arable layer by an average of 12.2%, and the structural coefficient by 0.6. The replacement of plowing with non-loosening loosening and surface treatment in crop rotation showed that in the arable layer of the aggregated soil particles under the tilled crops practically did not change. This figure was 47.3 and 48.5%, while in plowing it occupied an intermediate position - 48.3%. Under the crops of continuous sowing a tendency to increase agronomically valuable aggregates was noted. The mineral fertilizer system fully worked to preserve the structure of the soil when it was used for plowing. The remaining methods of basic processing against the background of the mineral fertilizer system are less effective. According to the arable crops there was a tendency to increase aggregates of 10-0.25 mm in size. Winter wheat (according to its predecessor - corn and alfalfa), alfalfa of different years of life increased the austerity of the arable layer by 9.0%. Organic fertilizers, introduced twice in the rotation, significantly improve the soil structure in the plow layer. The organic system used for tilled crops in comparison with unmanned crops for plowing, non-rooting and surface loosening increased the number of aggregates measuring 10-0.25 mm on average by a rotation of 10.4. Organic fertilizers in the link of the crops of continuous sowing improved the aggregate composition by an average of 4.3%. Optimal organic fertilizers worked against the backdrop of non-loosening loosening
The article presents the results of a study to determine the changes in fertility in the typical black soil of the Belgorod region with different technologies of maize cultivation in seed farming
In the article we present the analysis of the results of studies of russian, foreign scientists, as well as our own data, obtained in the clonal micro-multiplication and sanitation of the plum domestic from Sharkey's virus (PPV). The urgency of work is determined by the fact that the plum is the second on the significance culture in horticulture of the south of Russia. One of the most economically significant objects of virus etiology on the discharge of relative is considered to be Sharkey's virus of plum (Plum pox potyvirus). In the Krasnodar region and in the Russian Federation for the first time, Sharkey's virus of plum was discovered in the end of the 1980th, after which it widely extended into other regions of the country. In the complex of the methods of sanitation from Sharkey's virus of plum we successfully use thermo- and chemotherapy in combination with the method of apical meristem. The mechanism of the formation of virus-free meristem consists of the delay of the process of the replication of virus particles from the rapid, anticipating increase in the rudimentary cloths and organs, especially, if plant undergoes by thermo- or chemotherapy. As virucide there are used the preparations neo -DHt (85 mG/l), and also salycilic acid in the concentration of 3kh10-4 M with the simultaneous magnetic-pulse working of mericlons. As the most suitable nutrient medium for the micro-multiplication of plum we considered Murasige- Skoog medium, on basis of which we have prepared different modifications. As the growth factors, which increase the effectiveness of multiplication, we used 6-BAP in the concentration 0,5-1 mG/l (in the stage of introduction into the culture and the stage of animated cartoon). For the improvement in the quality of the micro-shoots of plum, additionally to the growth factors, one should apply succinic acid, succinates of potassium and sodium in the concentration 4 mG/l. Obtained in the course of clonal micro-multiplication and adapted mericlons will be tested to the virus carrying ability and will be approved according to the quality signs. The ovaries of initial plants are embedded by healthy quality seedlings
The article presents results of the research on the
chemical composition of cognac wine materials,
distillates and aged alcohols from the varieties of the
Magarach Pervenets and Rice of different sugar
content grown in the Taman agroecological zone. The
influence of the initial sugar content on the chemical
composition, physicochemical parameters and
organoleptic evaluation, as well as the correlation of
soil-climatic conditions and varietal features on the
composition of cognac distillates, is shown. Soil
analyzes were carried out at the FGBIC Anapskaya
ZOSViV SKZNIISiV with the use of the latest
equipment by conventional methods of determining
indicators of soil characteristics. The purpose of the
research is to give a detailed description of the site
under study, as well as to identify the boundaries of
the ecological macrozone for cultivating cognac
varieties of grapes. In the course of the research it was
clarified that for the selection and evaluation of raw
zones of cognac production, it is necessary to take
into account the optimal soil and climatic parameters
for obtaining high-quality cognac raw materials
The article discusses the results of the research on winter soft wheat which is connected with the studies of yield variability, depending on the year conditions and the variety, conducted in 2003-2014. The objects of the research were 34 varieties included in different years into the State register of breeding achievements and recommended for cultivation. The experiment was carried out by the predecessor of soybean on the medium background of soil fertility. The varieties were being cultivated both with the protection against fungal diseases and without it. The method of dispersive and variance analysis was used in mathematical processing of the yield data. The parameters of ecological plasticity (bi) and yield stability (S2) have been calculated according to the methodology of E.A. Eberhardt and U. A. Russell (1984). The range of variability has been defined according to V.A. Zykin (2000), the fulfillment of the yield potential has been set according to E. D. Nettevitch (2001). The research revealed that the new winter soft wheat varieties included into the State register of breeding achievements are mostly productive and adaptive. Their yield increases mainly due to the upper threshold. The new varieties differ in yield stability but we have not found out a certain pattern. In conclusion it must be mentioned that the implementation of Eberhardt and Russell model in analyzing yield data allows us to estimate general tendencies in its variation when the conditions of the environment change and to identify the most valuable genotypes. In order to rank genotypes according to the characteristics which are being studied we have to choose an agricultural background on which their maximum potential is realized
Chromium in soils is represented by the following forms of connections: 1) stationary; 2) strongly bound in the composition of primary and partially secondary clay minerals, with one and a half aluminum and iron hydroxides; 3) exchange bound on the surface of one-and-a-half oxides and clay minerals; 4) associated with organic matter of soils; 5) water-soluble compounds. The gross chromium content (70.1-78.3 mg/kg) in leached chernozem is well below clark soils of the world (100 mg/kg). The share of mobile, acid-soluble and acid-insoluble forms of the element compounds is 0.01, respectively; 7.09 and 92.9 % of its gross content. After three rotations of 11-full grain-grass-tillage crop rotation without mineral fertilizers, the chromium content in leached chernozem has not undergone significant changes, even to some extent there is a tendency of its reduction. This indicates the absence of serious natural sources of chromium in the soil. Scientifically-based system of fertilizers for agricultural crops does not lead to anthropogenic pollution of leached chernozem with chromium. The removal of this element with crop yields is compensated by its receipt in the form of ballast with mineral fertilizers
The article considers data obtained in long-term stationary experiment in Kuban state agrarian University, which was started in 1991 for old irrigated leached black soil of the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Studies were conducted in two rotations of seven-field grassy-grain-row crop rotation. The duration of irrigation - more than 30 years. It is established that long-term irrigation by sprinkling led to the soil over-compaction in both arable and subsurface layers. In the arable layer of 0-30 cm density of 0.14-0.17 g/cm3 exceeds the maximum allowable. We have noticed a sharp decrease in humus in the arable layer to 2.46-2.67 per cent. The weak acidification of the active root layer was noted, salt PH 5.0-5.3. In the soil-absorbing complex, the content of calcium decreases. It was found that the productivity of crops cultivated in the rotation of two rotations was greatly influenced by the system of basic soil treatment. In the first rotation, the decrease in productivity of cultivated crops against the background of the surface treatment system amounted to an average of 4.2% compared with deep: subsurface tillage and moldboard. In the second rotation after 14 years against the background of shallow surface treatment crop rotation productivity decreased by 11.2 %. The dependence of the fertilizer system and crop yield on the background of different main soil tillage is established. When using the mineral fertilizer system, the decrease in crop productivity, while minimizing the main tillage in the second rotation was 15.2%, and against the background of the organic fertilizer system by 12.7%. The deep sub-soil treatment provided an increase in the productivity of old irrigated leached black soil in the second rotation against organic fertilizers by 3.6%.
Thus, the organic system of fertilizers on the background of deep main soil tillage allows to obtain crop yields in the framework of grassy-grain-row crop rotation on wetlands degraded old-irrigated lands is not lower than using high doses of mineral fertilizers
The experiment considered the influence of different methods of agricultural technologies on the yield of winter barley in the dependence of the investigated factors. The studies were carried out at the experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian University in the conditions of multifactorial long-term soil monitoring. The experiment was carried out in a typical 11-field grain-grass-tillage crop rotation with the following alternation of crops: alfalfa, alfalfa, winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, winter wheat, corn for grain, winter wheat, sunflower, winter wheat, spring barley with sowing of alfalfa. Stationary experience is represented by the following factors: the level of fertility (factor A); fertilizer system (factor B); plant protection system (factor C) and methods of basic soil cultivation (factor D). The relationship between the influence of the soil fertility level, fertilizer norms, plant protection products, the soil cultivation system and yield, and the crop structure of the perspective winter barley variety ‘Gordey’ were determined. The soil is leached super-heavy light-clay chernozem with an average thickness of the humus horizon - 150 cm. It is found that fertilizer, soil treatment, seeding method, protective means increase the yield of winter barley and positively influences the elements of the yield structure. The yield increase in comparison with the control changed from 10.4 to 26.8 c / ha. The statistical processing data show that the fertilizer system (35.8%) and soil cultivation (27%) had a certain influence on the number of productive stems; the fertilizer system (44.6%) influenced the spike size, the fertilizer system (28%) and the tillage (32.8%) had influence on the amount of grain in the spike and also influenced the mass of grain from the spike
The article studies current state of fertility and productivity of leached chernozem used in the 11-field grain-grass-row crop rotation. Under the conditions of a stationary field experiment, a soil section was laid, a morphological description of the soil was carried out, its magnetic susceptibility χ was measured, soil samples were selected from soil-genetic horizons, in which the particle size distribution, physical and chemical parameters were determined. Studies have shown that leached chernozem is characterized by an addition density of 1.30 g/cm3, a solid phase density of 2.67 g/cm3, a total porosity of 51.9 %, χ = 1,045 × 10-3 units SI, pHwat. 6.5 units, humus content 3.2 %, its stock in the layer A + B = 468.2 t/ha, the sum of the exchange Ca2+ and Mg2+ 42.8 mg.eq./100 g. The use of mineral fertilizers increases the productivity of leached chernozem: the yield of sunflower of 11-field grain-grass-row cultivated crop rotation exceeds the control without fertilizers by 1.02-1.62 t/ha