Investigation variability of morphological features of
Iris halophila an introduction in Central Yakutia.
Dependence of morphological variability of Iris
halophila on quantity of dropping-out rainfall in
initial habitats is revealed
In the article, approaches to the management existing at the present stage are considered, their merits and disadvantages are described. General scientific and special approaches to management are singled out. The system, functional and process approaches are described in more detail. The principles of E. Deming are considered. It is pointed out that the application of the above approaches to production management is limited only by the economic sphere of activity, while there is a prospect of using these approaches in the field of labor protection. The article substantiates a selection of the process approach as the most promising in the management of the labor safety management system and health protection of a machine-building enterprise
The intense rhythm of people's lives in many countries has led to the need to develop and produce «fast food» products. They include dry breakfasts of a porous macrostructure in the form of rods, bars, and flakes, made from cereals, legumes, potatoes and dried fruits. Over the past 10 years, ready-to-eat foods that do not require heat treatment have become popular, the range of breakfast cereals has significantly increased, air grains, pads with filling, asterisks and rings have appeared. The global trend of consumption of slowly digestible carbohydrates predominates. Corn flakes and blown grain began to be used as supplements to soup instead of toast, served for tea and coffee. However, the problem of making and marketing specialized dry breakfasts has not yet been fully solved. The aim of the research is to expand the range of specialized dry breakfasts for people with high physical and mental loads. The tasks of modernizing technology and equipment for the production of dry breakfasts were solved. The methods of preparation for extrusion of easily oxidized in the air raw nuts were developed. Formulations of dry breakfasts for people with high physical and mental loads were developed. The objects of the research are analysis of existing technological schemes, grain, fruit and nut raw materials. We used classical methods of research to determine the composition of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, as well as modern instrumental methods for assessing the qualitative composition of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products. The research results include the modernization of technology and equipment for the production of breakfast cereals. Formulations of ready-made breakfast cereals with the addition of cereals, dry fruits and nuts have been developed, in order to improve the quality characteristics and nutritional value of the extrudates. The proposed technology and developed recipes are promising for introduction into production
Chemical processes are often connected with use or
formation of condensed dispersed phase (CDP).
Dispersed particles can change mobility of charges, as
well as other parameters of the low-temperature plasma.
The aim of this work is to study the effect of magnetic
field on the processes of dispersed particles formation in
argon-oxygen plasma containing iron and carbon atoms
at atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium composition of
iron and carbon atoms containing mixture simulated at
temperatures of 1000-5000K for optimization of the
plasma-forming gas composition. It is shown that in case
of oxygen excess, the CDP particles contain only iron
oxides. The literature data about the phase transition
processes in a low-temperature plasma, as well as the
data about the processes with participation of
ferromagnetic particles in a constant magnetic field
analyzed. The results of investigations of the dispersed
particles forming in argon-oxygen plasma of arc
discharge in the presence and in the absence of the
magnetic field are shown. The formed disperse phase
was deposited on the substrates and studied by the
electron microscopy and X-ray methods. It was found
that with the lack of oxygen the size of the iron-oxide
particles created in the arc discharge containing iron and
carbon is affected by magnetic field: in a magnetic field
of 10 mT the particles are larger than in its absence
In the author's interpretation we consider concepts and methods of science, such as science, knowledge, model, gnosticism and agnosticism, the principle of Ashby, facts, empirical regularity, empirical law, scientific law, and others. We have formulated the main problem of the science, concluding that cognitive abilities of a human are limited and do not provide effective knowledge in a very large volume of data. The solution to this problem is to look at ways of automation of scientific research. Traditionally, we use information-measuring systems and automated systems research (ASNI) for this. However, the mathematical methods used in these systems, impose strict impracticable requirements to the source data, which dramatically reduces the effectiveness and applicability of these systems in practice. Instead of having to submit to the source data impracticable requirements (like the normality of the distribution, absolute accuracy and complete replications of all combinations of values of factors and their full independence and additivity) automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) offers (without any pre-processing) to understand the data and thereby convert them into information and then convert this information to knowledge by its application to achieve targets (i.e. for controlling) and for solution for problems of classification, decision support and meaningful empirical research of the modeled subject area. ASC-analysis is a systematic analysis, considered as a method of scientific cognition. This is a highly automated method of scientific knowledge that has its own developed and constantly improving software tool – an intellectual system called "Eidos". The system of "Eidos" has been developed in a generic setting, independent of any domain and can be applied in all subject areas, in which people apply their natural intelligence. The "Eidos" system is a tool of cognition, which greatly increases the possibility of natural intelligence, just like microscopes and telescopes multiply the possibilities of vision (but in this case only if you have this possibility). The study proposes a new view of the models: phenomenological meaningful model, which is currently represented only by systemic cognitive models, and which is currently in the middle between empirical and theoretical knowledge. The system called "Eidos" is considered as a tool of automation of the learning process, providing meaningful synthesis of phenomenological models directly on the basis of empirical data
The article presents the results of the study of yield, mechanical and biochemical composition of Merlot grape vine variety and its two clones in the conditions of Taman and Anapa subzone of the Krasnodar region. Clones differ from the maternal variety by the large number of berries in the bunch, the mass of the berry, the average mass of the bunch and the yield. Maternal variety and its clones are characterized by very close percentages of berries and combs in the bunch and by indicators of the structure, composition and structure of the bunch. By the yield of juice percentage, in different growth areas clones showed the same results as the original variety. According to the content of glucose, fructose, organic acids (wine, apple, citric, succinic), potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium cations in the juice of berries, there is no reliable differences between the original variety and its clones. The content of dry substances, sugars, titrated acids, and the sugar-acid coefficient depended on the yield, but in general, they were favorable for the production of wine materials and juices. Merlo phanagoriiskii and Merloc are ecologically plastic and belong to the first group of varieties that retain their valuable characteristics in different areas of growth
The article is devoted to the methods of popularization of knowledge on scientific agronomy that was used in the Soviet period. Methods of visual transmission of information such as postcard, badge, matchbox label, agitation poster, textiles and porcelain, as well as an animated film have been considered. The influence of these methods on the development of agriculture is shown. At the same time, the reverse process is also the effect of the progress and achievements of agriculture on the art of that time. Each method is unique and the article describes the scope and influence of each of them on the society of that time. An extensive database has been collected for each examined method and images analyzed in terms of the history of agronomy and technologies used in agriculture, as well as their use in the popularization of this sector. The use of such methods of information transfer in the present time is noted, both for solving such an urgent problem - increasing the prestige of agriculture, and in the educational process of specialists of this industry. The materials described in the article are recommended for introduction to the course "History and methodology of scientific agronomy". It is shown that the given resources could contain a large number of useful and even unique information, which makes them an object for collection, detailed study and structuring in databases
The urgency of the task in creating a reliable plant protection system is the improvement and development of new technologies for spraying crops on the basis of fundamentally new agricultural requirements at a higher quality level, increasing productivity, reducing energy costs and greening protective measures. Pneumatic slotted sprayers have great design capabilities allowing obtaining operating parameters necessary for the specific task of the sprayer. In this regard, we have proposed a technological scheme of the sprayer in the garden-vineyard version. To do this, the sprayers are placed in pneumatic ducts of the fans mounted on the sprayers. It is possible to reduce energy and resource costs, to achieve high quality indicators of the process and to increase the level of environmental friendliness by developing technical means for ultra-low-volume spraying. The principal novelty in solving the problem of ultra-low volume spraying is the use of KubSAU design pneumatic sprayers on the sprayer, and the scheme of the technological process, allowing the reduction of the working fluid and pesticides doses rate, resulting in reduced operating costs to support operations: preparation of working fluids and filling the sprayers. To process two rows simultaneously, it is possible to use sprayers equipped with two centrifugal fans with the installation of pneumatic slit sprayers with fixation in the ducts that they overlap, forcing the air from the fan to pass through the atomizer body, mixing with drops of working fluid. In this case, the speed of the air-droplet jets increases and more efficient use of the air jet from the fan occur. Along with the use of sprayers, equipped with KubSAU design pneumatic sprayers, to combat pests and diseases, we propose to use a sprayer to combat weeds in the trunk area of perennial plantations. Thus we have a family of ultra-low volume sprayers with pneumatic slotted sprayers of the Kuban State Agrarian University design
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the main tillage in the technology of cultivating winter barley on its agrophysical properties. The object of research was winter barley, sort Rubezh, the predecessor - winter wheat. Soil - heavy duty, low humus, typical leached chernozems. The studies were carried out in a stationary experiment on the basis of the experimental field of the Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture at KubSAU in accordance with generally accepted methods for experiments with grain crops. Scheme of experience (primary tillage): option 1 (A0) - dump plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm (control); option 2 (A1) - chisel for 20-22 cm; option 3 (A2) - disk peeling at 8-10 cm; option 4 (A3) - zero treatment (direct sowing). Based on the research, a general orientation is revealed in the technology of cultivating winter barley to reduce the agrophysical indicators of the soil throughout the growing season of the development of its plants while lowering the tension of its main processing. So, the density of the soil was minimal, and the structure and moisture of the soil, as well as the reserves of productive moisture were maximum on the option with dump plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm. Conducting deep loosening at the same depth (chiseling by 20-22 cm) somewhat worsened these parameters . Implementation of disk peeling in the main tillage (by 8-10 cm) contributed to the deterioration of these parameters. The option of zero tillage was in last place according to these indicators. And only before harvesting, zero tillage contributed to the formation of higher soil moisture and productive moisture reserves
Ferrourtikavit is a biologically active additive (BAA)
derived from common nettle supplemented with micro
nutrient elements (titanium, vanadium, molybdenum,
zinc, copper, iron, tin, chromium, manganese, barium).
Ferrourtikavit is manufactured from local vegetable
raw materials, however its application in feeding dairy
cows is not sufficiently studied. Therefore, the
application of the BAA ferrourtikavit in animal
feeding with a view to increase milk production is
relevant. The aim of the research conducted is to
investigate the impact of the BAA ferrourtikavit on the
overall nutritional value of animal diet and reduction
of food consumption. The experiment was conducted
on four groups of black-motley breed dairy cows.
Formation of the experimental groups (15 animals per
each group) was performed on the third lactation,
taking into account age, productivity during the
previous lactation, breed characteristics, live weight.
The main diet consisted of hay, haylage, succulent
fodder, concentrates. Additionally to basic diet the 2nd
,
3
rd and 4th experimental groups obtained the BAA
ferrourtikavit at the doses of 0,25, 0,50 and 0,75 mg/kg
of live weight, respectively. It has been established
that the animals from the experimental groups (2nd, 3rd
and 4th) consumed 43,9-51,3 energetic feed units less,
439,4-513,5 MJ metabolic energy less, 56,4 – 62,0 kg
dry matter less, 1,1 – 1,6 kg digestible protein less.
The lowest feed consumption was noted among the
animals from the 3rd experimental group, in the basic
diet of which the BAA ferrourtikavit in an amount of
0,50 mg/kg of live weight was introduced. The research conducted established, that application of the
biologically active additive ferrourtikavit in the diet of
lactating cows at the dose of 0,5 mg/kg of live weight
led to the highest milk yields 4678±45,17 kg. In the
experienced groups, increase in milk yields, decrease
in concentrates' utilization as well as costs of 1 kg milk
as compared to the control group were registered