The article analyzes the features of ethno-political conflicts in the 21st century, originating on the territory of the post-Soviet and post-socialist space; considers the format, structure, purpose and reasons for intensification; reveals the nature and mechanisms of inter-ethnic confrontations, the reasons for their escalation in certain historical periods, the similarity of the "scenarios" of their development, the role of external and internal factors in the outbreak of ethnic conflicts and their stimulating. The work considers the role of young people as a tool in the political struggle, the reasons for their sensitivity to the ideas of nationalism due to the lack of social experience or the impact of purposeful influence. It summarizes the examples the youth resource use in the process of unleashing, the so-called "color revolutions" and ethnic conflicts related to them, in countries such as Yugoslavia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Moldova. The article does a comparative analysis of successful and unsuccessful revolutionary projects in Armenia, Belarus and Russia. Most "activity" in the part of the preparation of this kind of movement is taking place in the post-Soviet space in the states that make up the core of a new interstate union EurAsEC, and preparation of opposition movements include stimulating Russophobia, rewriting of history and etc. The arising threats require an adequate response. Tae paper brings forward the ways of neutralizing the emerging threats; such as reassessment of the role of the youth; participation in the processes of socialization of young generations in state, public, political and social institutions; systematic and long-term work with young people, not limited to the formal framework of educational institutions, which will help to bring up the generation, resistant to viruses of ethno-nationalism
As a new theatrical phenomenon, monodrama of Grishkovets had an exploratory and experimental character. The article is devoted to investigation of the genre specifics in monodrama of Eugene Grishkovets. The particular attention is paid to the monodrama structure: spatial-temporal organization, the author’s presence and problems of the heroes. It mainly discusses the multiplex chronotope, including “vertical” and “horizontal space”, “closed” and “open space” in the theatrical text of Grishkovets, as well as the author’s position and the reflection in the context of relations between the author, the hero and the audience. The article analyzes the narrative tactics of the playwright, stressing, that unlike the other members of the playwrights in “New drama”, monodrama of Eugene Grishkovets is original for its unique, easily recognizable narrative tone, which is exactly prone to human reflection, for its interpretation of ethos of modern people, which is familiar and understandable to many of us. The author concludes that the specific narrative system in monodrama of Grishkovets not only creates the effect of deconstruction and diversification of the traditional theatrical art, which generated the “phenomenon of Eugene Grishkovets” on the stage of contemporary Russian drama, but also reflects the urgent problems of modern domestic drama in the context of the “New drama”
Currently, the majority of scientific, technical and economic studies use statistical methods developed mainly in the first third of the XX century. They constitute the content of common textbooks. However, mathematical statistics are rapidly developing in the next 60 years. In some situations there is a need of the transition from classical to modern methods. As an example, we discuss the problem of testing the homogeneity of two independent samples. We have considered the conditions of applicability of the traditional method of testing the homogeneity based on the use of Student's t-statistic, as well as more up-to-date methods. We describe a probabilistic model of generation of statistical data in the problem of testing the homogeneity of two independent samples. In terms of this model the concept of "homogeneity" ("no difference"), can be formalized in different ways. High degree of homogeneity is achieved if the two samples are taken from one and the same population (absolute homogeneity). In some cases it is advisable to testing the coincidence of some characteristics of the elements of the sample - mathematical expectations, medians, variances, coefficients of variation, and others (testing the homogeneity of characteristics). To test the homogeneity of mathematical expectations is often recommended classic t-test. It is believed that the samples taken from a normal distributions with equal variances. It is shown that for scientific, technical and economic data the preconditions of two-sample t-test usually are not performed. To test the homogeneity of mathematical expectations instead of t-test we have offered to use the Cramer-Welch test. We have considered the consistent nonparametric Smirnov and Lehmann-Rosenblatt tests for absolute homogeneity
The mathematical theory of classification contains a large number of approaches, models, methods, algorithms. This theory is very diverse. We distinguish three basic results in it - the best method of diagnosis (discriminant analysis), an adequate indicator of the quality of discriminant analysis algorithm, the statement about stopping after a finite number of steps iterative algorithms of cluster analysis. Namely, on the basis of Neyman - Pearson Lemma we have shown that the optimal method of diagnosis exists and can be expressed through probability densities corresponding to the classes. If the densities are unknown, one should use non-parametric estimators of training samples. Often, we use the quality indicator of diagnostic algorithm as "the probability (or share) the correct classification (diagnosis)" - the more the figure is the better algorithm is. It is shown that widespread use of this indicator is unreasonable, and we have offered the other - "predictive power", obtained by the conversion in the model of linear discriminant analysis. A stop after a finite number of steps of iterative algorithms of cluster analysis method is demonstrated by the example of k-means. In our opinion, these results are fundamental to the theory of classification and every specialist should be familiar with them for developing and applying the theory of classification
When considering the ecological safety of industrial productions, territory, etc., we usually allocate the constant (permanent) risk and the accident (emergency) risk. Permanent risk is given by the used technology, and cannot be changed substantially. Emergency risks are associated with uncertainty, in contrast to the constant risks. Let in adopted mathematical model the uncertainty is probabilistic in nature, and the loss describes as one-dimensional random variable. The distribution function of the loss, as a rule, is not normal. We have discussed in detail the seven characteristics of accidental loss: expectation; median and, more generally, quantile; dispersion; standard deviation; coefficient of variation; a linear combination of the expectation and standard deviation; the expectation of the loss function. Risk management may be to minimize these characteristics and their combinations (in different variants of multicriteria optimization). For example, in the two-criteria formulation it is required to minimize the expectation of loss and the standard deviation. Two-criteria formulation one way or another is reduced to a one-criteria formulation. In addition to probabilistic methods of risk modeling, sometimes we consider methods for describing risk using by means of objects of non-numeric nature, in particular qualitative characteristics, concepts of the theory of fuzzy sets, interval mathematical and econometric models and other mathematical tools. The main problems of the theory and practice of ecological insurance have been discussed
The problem of correlation of senses and notions in the science, their substitution and the birth of so-called pseudo knowledge is the issue which is more than ever burning in our times of perturbations and big changes. Biological sciences could not avoid these problems as well. All the more so because they stayed for many years under significant pressure of the ruling ideology of those times, of the state and of the governing party machineries. That is exactly why Darwinism as such requires a profound analysis in terms of contemporary achievements of the science, inclusive of philosophy. The analysis of knowledge which is available now and has been accumulated for many centuries of development of the biological science allows finding logical contradictions, possible substitutions of sense platforms, i.e. the birth of pseudo knowledge, which needs to be ascertained and suppressed. The appearance of such branch of the science as biophilosophy exceedingly aggravated the situation due to a number of big methodological shortcomings of this branch which still remains to be a non-science. As it cannot facilitate studying the organic world and, the other way round, even confuses such studying by applying an anthropomorphous matrix to the world, while the ethic and the aesthetic cannot only be attributed to the human mind, the situation becomes pretty complicated. At the same time, the philosophic envelope of the biological science is often filled with various kinds of ideology which makes no contribution to the objectivity of knowledge
Studying the archetype of elitism is extremely important to correctly assess the direction of historical development of the state. This provides the possibility for reasonable buildup of the state domestic and foreign policy and presents the base for constructive development of the methodology of scientific cognition in the field of politology, philosophy and history. However, as the human is a complex biological system, many aspects of the human social activities are based on and conditioned by genetic potential of the human. The study provides definition of the elite and elite communities. It sais that the whole course of the history is eventually a positive or a negative interaction of elites. Nevertheless, the appearance and functioning of any elite is only possible and understandable in the context of some particular civilization, country or in a specific period of time. If the elites are taken out of the historical context, they get a nonmaterial and mythical status. If the archetype of elitism already moving along the time axis for many hundreds and even thousands of years is present, now we can observe the qualitative change of the contemporary elite along with the change of its functions and its purpose itself. On the one hand, we can observe the process of old elites degeneration; on the other hand – new elite formations keep to appear which can be essentially different from their antecedents and have other functions and purpose
Creation of a new educational institution is always a big event. However, educational institutions do not use to appear in a spontaneous and unexpected way. Such appearance requires public necessity and expedience. In this very way, the institute of veterinary was created in Vitebsk in its time in 1924 and later transformed to Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine which became one of the leading higher schools in this industry in USSR and the only educational institution in this specialty in the Republic of Belarus. The article covers such aspects of the academy work as involving students in the scientific activities and the book culture. Another issue of the article is development of auxiliary departments, such as economics, politology and philosophy, economic history and theory, computer literacy, the work of which make an indispensable contribution to education of a comprehensively developed specialist capable of professional growth and improvement. Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, with due regard for the experience accumulated by it, is the leader in formation of highly educated and skilled specialists in the field of veterinary medicine and biotechnology and in training of comprehensively competent experts as well, who have got noble moral and ethical principles and obtained substantial knowledge in humanities, who can convert this knowledge from theory into practice as appropriate
Currently, the problem of using a "client-server" technology for database is up-to-date. Among its advantages it has a high degree of security, the ability to work with multimedia and non-standard data, simple tastes to the hardware power client stations, the territorial independence of work in both local and wide area networks. The article presents the concept and describes the implementation of a client-server information system configuration databases based on plug-ins that enable flexible, fast and efficient to make changes to an existing application for working with databases. This approach solves the problem of using one program to connect to multiple databases
The article describes the modern problem of automatic flame control of industrial installations. The research of this problem is usually begun with the analysis of emergency mode of thermal generating units, divergence of parameters burning processes from accepted value. The most unfavorable factor for trouble-free operation of industrial thermal plants is the cyclical nature of the load changes energy-consuming devices with deep and rapid changes. The paper presents a study of physical factors affecting the stability of combustion in furnaces, the violation of which leads to abnormal flameout. It helps to equip thermal units with effective automatic protection