Present article is devoted to research of sorption
properties of various filtering materials. The various
types of filters, such as fabric, frame, granular filters
are considered. The principles of work of each type of
filters, feature and difference them from each other are
considered. The conditions of their application are
investigated. Process of filtering through a layer of
granular loading also is described. The physicochemical
parameters of some granular materials
including sand, hydroanthracite-Р, granite road metal,
volcanic tuffs, and expanded vermiculite are given.
The comparison of oil capacity of some materials is
considered at their use as a filtering material and oil
collectors. We have described sorption features of
activated carbon, used as a filtering material for
clearing waters of petroleum and petroleum. The
article has a conclusion about their prospects and the
efficiency of application when fighting with petroleum
pollutions
The railroad warehouse has most important role in the delivery process of fertilizers to agricultural consumers. It acts as logistics intermediaries. The analysis of material flows has been done on the example of a typical provider of mineral fertilizers in the South of the Rostov region (CJSC «Zernogradagrohimservis») for the last 6 years. Income values and implementation values are varied during the year synchronously for all fertilizers types with the exception of a few months at the beginning and the end of the year. During most of the year the enterprise operates as a negotiable warehouse. In January-February and October-December ammonium nitrate accumulates as a seasonal inventory for the spring peak of implementation, in the rest of the year its reserves are insurance. Stocks of other fertilizers types are insurance stocks for most of the year, in May-July occurs a slight accumulation of their seasonal stocks. A significant portion of mineral fertilizers (especially ammonium nitrate) is delivered for small enterprises and individual farms by cars of this provider. According to the supply contracts, a one-car-run is performed for the vast majority of customers. Routes of delivery of fertilizers are either radial or pendulum (with reverse idle mileage). Therefore, the optimization of the delivery of fertilizers does not seem possible by methods such as obtaining the shortest route network, consolidation of suppliers for consumers, etc.
The article presents a constructive-technological
scheme of leaf separating apparatus for harvesting tobacco
leaves. We have performed a theoretical analysis
of the process of separating tobacco leaves from the
stalk. The dependences characterizing the trajectory,
speed and acceleration of an arbitrary point of the cutting
edge of the drum were obtained
Results of engineering and scientific search of
improvement of resource-saving machine technologies
of finishing and cleanup processing of cars details,
development of new camps and technologies are
presented. The possibility of low-frequency
fluctuations with big amplitude can be implemented
due to assembling flat or curvilinear elements on
external surfaces of the relative screw reel. The use of
computer modeling enabled us to obtain a relative
screw drum that provides not only giving movement to
loading masses with a big fluctuations amplitude, but
also compression of loading masses in the process of
their motion from loading to unloading. In such
machines increase in processing efficiency is reached
not only due to achievement of great movement
amplitudes values of the loading masses, but also at
the cost of compression of loading masses in
processing and intensity increase of their mixing. The
scheme of the machine for continuous processing with
mechanization of separation of details from working
environments particles is provided. Results of
researches of quality and surfaces micro hardness
change processed in the offered machines designs
show that details processing time makes 3-6 min
The article presents results of studies of the present state
of mechanization of tobacco harvesting. The aim of the
research was to assess the state of the technical
equipment of the tobacco farms in the current economic
conditions. We have performed an analysis of the
technologies of harvesting tobacco. Main problems of
harvesting tobacco leaves were shown. We have
analyzed the main constructive scheme of tobacco
harvesters used for different technologies of harvesting
tobacco leaves. The article gives main advantages and
disadvantages of the applied technical solutions and lists
tobacco harvesters used in foreign tobacco farms. A
disadvantage was the impossibility of adaptation to the
domestic types of tobacco. In the end, we have
developed a project for solving scientific and technical
problems of complex mechanization of technological
processes of preparation of plantations to drying process,
carrying out machine harvesting and preparing tobacco
leaves harvested by the machine. This involves three
stages. This will solve the problem of insufficient
technical equipment of production of raw tobacco
Water is the most important substance of the composition of all living organisms on our planet. Active industrialization of society has led to an increase in the amount of water consumed for the needs of the economy and to increase the volume of poorly treated sewage. In the twentieth century, during the arms race, the United States, the USSR, Britain, France, China, in the tests of nuclear weapons, the deuterium content in groundwater and surface waters has increased significantly. Formed in nuclear fission neutrons loose, falling into the nucleus of a hydrogen atom form a deuterium atom. In the last 70 years, the deuterium content of water bodies has increased by almost 30%. Natural ponds and rivers no longer cope with self-purification of polluted water. In most regions of the country there are restrictions on the use of natural sources of water for drinking and bathing. Only the rare mountain springs and meltwater mountain tops glaciers have pristine purity of water with a low content of deuterium. There is reliable information about the harmful effects of heavy water on biological objects and the possibility of reducing the deuterium content in tap water by technical means. A method of producing so-called "protium" steam distillation of water proven in practice is based on the famous kinetic isotope effect difference of light water boiling temperature (100 С) and heavy water (103 С), but this method is characterized by higher energy costs. It is not economically justified. Another method of forming the light water is electrolysis, which in spite of the considerable power consumption has prospects of implementation. Our job is to create a viable water separation technology with a different isotopic composition. The resulting improved technology for water with DDW will be widely used in the production of beverages and a variety of other foods
In the work we have developed a structural modeling
of the optimal choice of information security devices
in the design of automated systems in the protected
execution in the transition to network centric methods
of control of troops and weapons
Long-term storage of fruits can be achieved by means
of their special preparation by pre-treatment before
storage by electromagnetic fields of extremely low
frequency (ELF EMF). In the current study patterns of
influence of ELF EMF pre-treatment of fruits on the
effectiveness of reducing microbial contamination
during storage for the development of effective
technological modes of preparation of fruits before
storage are revealed. Qualitative and quantitative
characteristics of microbial contamination of the fruits’
surface were studied. Effective modes of fruits (apples
and pears) treatment by ELF EMF were established -
for apples: frequency - 22 Hz, current - 10 A for 40
minutes, and for pears: frequency - 26 Hz, current - 5 A
for 50 minutes, allowing to reduce to the maximum
extent the microbial contamination of their surface, and
also to reduce the loss of their weight from microbial
spoilage during storage. The terms of storage of
processed by ELF EMF fruits under refrigeration were
established - for apple varieties Idared and Golden
Delicious - within 8 months, for pear variety
Conference - for 7 months
The impact of anthropogenic pollution on soil
phytotoxity and on triticale plants in Vladikavkaz
suburb was investigated in the work. The objects of
the study were sod-gley leached soils and different
varieties of triticale plants. The research was
conducted in 2010-2011 at the Department of Biology
of Gorsky State Agrarian University. The article gives
data on microelements content in soils and plants
within the range of influence of Vladikavkaz industrial
enterprises. There was a marked change of
miroelements’ mobility in soil and activity of their
penetration into plants during fertilization. The sort
characteristics of microelements’ accumulation in
vegetative mass of triticale were researched. The
conducted research is informative for soil and plant
condition monitoring in anthropogenically polluted
environment. The work indicates the increasing danger
of microelements (including heavy metals)
accumulation in soil and their inclusion in biological
cycle in concentration that is too toxic for plants,
animals and people during the usage of fertilizers,
especially their high doses. The most dangerous
among heavy metals are mercury, cadmium and lead.
We used MPC rate of excess to estimate the content of
these metals. The results of the research can be used in
soil and cereal plant condition monitoring and
diagnosis and in development of regional
environmental regulation
The article analyzes the main factors of the negative
impact of pig farms on the environment, for the
characteristics of which are used criteria such as
emissions of ammonia, methane, nitrous oxide, dust,
loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure output, feed
consumption and water consumption, economic
evaluation, capital costs of reducing emissions,
operational cost. The technical level, resource and
energy consumption in the production of pork have
been analyzed in a comparative perspective. The
necessity of implementation of best available
techniques in order to ensure environmentally oriented
production growth has been provided. The importance
of the development of technology selection algorithm
and clarification the basic criteria for the selection has
been emphasized. Also, there was detected the role of
technical regulation for the prevention of excess
pollution. The necessity of a comprehensive approach
was proven for the implementation of NDT in the
framework of environmental and industrial policies.
Implementing NDT will provide the ecological
modernization of pig production, which is confirmed
by the experience of European countries, successfully
implementing the concept of NDT from the 70s of the
twentieth century. At the same time, not only
economic measures should be used (exemption from
pollution charges, grants and subsidies), but also the
administrative tools (based on a valuation of NDT,
integrated permits). Daylight technological regulation
will provide "green" economic growth and will
contribute to solving social and economic problems.
Implementation of the project is not possible without
the exchange of information, the definition of time and
economic characteristics of the implementation of
NDT, comparative analysis and classification
technologies to NDT. In 2017, it has already been
planned to publish the NDT reference "Intensive
breeding of pigs,” while the implementation of best
available technologies will become the basis of
ecological modernization of the industry. The
inclusion of the author to the technical working group
on development of the handbook "Intensive breeding
of pigs" allows to participate on-line in the discussion
of topical issues