Chemical processes are often connected with use or
formation of condensed dispersed phase (CDP).
Dispersed particles can change mobility of charges, as
well as other parameters of the low-temperature plasma.
The aim of this work is to study the effect of magnetic
field on the processes of dispersed particles formation in
argon-oxygen plasma containing iron and carbon atoms
at atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium composition of
iron and carbon atoms containing mixture simulated at
temperatures of 1000-5000K for optimization of the
plasma-forming gas composition. It is shown that in case
of oxygen excess, the CDP particles contain only iron
oxides. The literature data about the phase transition
processes in a low-temperature plasma, as well as the
data about the processes with participation of
ferromagnetic particles in a constant magnetic field
analyzed. The results of investigations of the dispersed
particles forming in argon-oxygen plasma of arc
discharge in the presence and in the absence of the
magnetic field are shown. The formed disperse phase
was deposited on the substrates and studied by the
electron microscopy and X-ray methods. It was found
that with the lack of oxygen the size of the iron-oxide
particles created in the arc discharge containing iron and
carbon is affected by magnetic field: in a magnetic field
of 10 mT the particles are larger than in its absence
In the present article, we investigate the metric of the
crystal space in the general theory of relativity and in the
Yang-Mills theory. It is shown that the presence of a
lattice of gravitational ether has observable macroscopic
consequences. Earlier, the influence of the gravity of the
celestial bodies of the solar system on the electrical
conductivity, inductance, the rate of radioactive decay of
atomic nuclei, on seismic activity, the magnetic field and
the motion of the pole of our planet, and on the rate of
biochemical reactions was established. In all cases, a
similar behavior of the physicochemical characteristics
of materials and processes is observed, depending on the
universal parameters characterizing the seasonal
variations of the gravitational field of the solar system.
The relationship between lattice parameters and the
properties of materials, elements, atomic nuclei, and
elementary particles is discussed. Possible metrics of the
crystal space are constructed: a metric that depends on
the Weierstrass function, derived in the Yang-Mills
theory and analogous metrics found in Einstein's theory.
Such metrics, which have a central symmetry, can be
used to justify the structure of elementary particles, the
properties of atomic nuclei, atoms and matter. Periodic
metrics are constructed that admit an electromagnetic
field, as well as metrics associated with the assumed
structure of the crystal space. These metrics are of
particular interest, since the properties of the substance
are related to the metric parameters. We proposed the
model of electron beam as a streamer of preons
Macrodeficiency of polymeric materials, including the
pervasive one, is a consequence of the development of
initial microdefects which appear in polymers both
due to external factors and during their processing.
This article solves the task of identification the
interrelation and interdependence of structural
microdefects of various polymeric materials,
consisting in the estimation of the structural
parameters under uniaxial deformation. It is
experimentally shown that the process of changing
microdefects in the material bulk begins to flow more
intensely during deformation of the material, having
anisotropic structures in the bulk. Change of the
parameters of microdefects is not observed compared
to the starting material at small quantities of the
deformation. In the area of deformation corresponding
to the transition of the material from isotropic to
anisotropic state parameters of microdefects do not
depend on the degree of deformation of the sample,
and abrupt changes of the parameters of microdefects
are observed after completing the formation of
anisotropic patterns. It is shown experimentally the
identity of the parameters of microdefects in the bulk
material (rubber-based natural caoutchouc) during
deformation with the quantities of local deformations
at the edge of the artificially created macrodefects.
Under uniaxial deformation more than 280-300% and
the growth of the quantities of local deformations
come out at the edge of the artificially created
macrodefects and normalized linear dimension k and
decrease the total number n of microdefects
In the article we consider illustrative images of rare
pumpkin cultures presented in stamps of different
countries. In this work, we analyze stamps which
represent rare pumpkin cultures. Stamps are reflection
of the economy; they portray agriculture and elements
of technology of agricultural production.
Cucurbitaceae family includes a large number of
species that are very different from each other in the
form of fruits, in purpose, in origin. The objective of
our study was to conduct a visual analysis of rare
pumpkin crops, which are used in the world; to reflect
the research progress on the introduction and the
achievement of breeding work. The article provides an
analysis of several cultures: momordika (Momordica
charantia L.), Kiva (Kiwano), horned melon, cucumber
Antilles, (Cucumis metuliferus L.); Akantositsios
Naudin (Acanthosicyos naudinianus L.); momordica
balsamina (Momordica Balsamina L.); koktsiniya
(Coccinia sessifolia L.); luffa cylindrical (Luffa
cylindrica L.); Lagenaria (Lagenaria siceraria
(Molina) Standl.); cucumber snake (Trichosanthes
anguina L.); antilles cucumber, anguria (Cucumis
anguria L.); african cucumber (Cucumis africanus
Lindl); wax gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb)
Cogn..); chayota or mexican cucumber (Sechium edule
Swartz). The analysis of the iconography of images of
rare pumpkin crops in stamps of different countries
allowed us to see the history of culture introduction of
wild pumpkin from the local and foreign flora
The article presents experimental data on the research
of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with mean diameter 15
nm and 50 nm effect on seeds germination and growth
of 3-day-old etiolated coleoptiles and roots. Compared
with distilled water (control) initial colloidal solution
of 15 nm and 50 nm GNPs (57 µg/ml) had no
significant impact on seeds germination and growth of
coleoptiles and roots. However, in both cases a weak
tendency to stimulation of the coleoptile growth and
root growth inhibition was observed. Reduction of 15
nm GNPs concentration down to 10 µg/ml and 1
µg/ml had not effect on the growth of the seedlings,
but stimulated seed germination up to twofold.
Similar concentrations of 50 nm GNPs exerted the
stimulating effect on seed germination (twofold) and
the growth of root and coleoptiles. Seedlings grew
especially intensive in colloidal GNPs solution with
Au concentration of 10 µg/ml. Temperature rise of 2
degrees (from 25°C to 27°C) resulted in growth
increase of control 3-day-old seedlings and opposite
effect of 50 nm GNPs: coleoptiles and roots growth
fell behind control seedlings growth by 16-17%.
However, on the 4th day, the relative growth
slowdown of control seedlings occurred at 27°C and
growth stimulation effect under the influence of 50
nm GNPs appeared again. Over time, the stimulating
effect of 50 nm GNPs decreased: at the end of October it weakened, and in November – beginning of
December, it was no observed for the roots, and there
was a decline in coleoptiles growth. However, in all
cases the effect of stimulation of seeds germination
persisted under the influence of 50 nm GNPs,
weakening by December. We hypothesize the
molecular mechanisms of biological action of GNPs
Investigation variability of morphological features of
Iris halophila an introduction in Central Yakutia.
Dependence of morphological variability of Iris
halophila on quantity of dropping-out rainfall in
initial habitats is revealed
The results of scientific investigations in specifying
environmental and faunal composition of soil
invertebrates at agricultural landscapes of steppe zone
of the Krasnodar region are presented this article.
Observed territory is represented with four main
classes of animals: Insecta (insects), Crustacea
(cancroid), Myriapoda (myriapod), Olygochaeta
(worms with small bristles). Those animals were the
subject of further descriptions of territory. Some
peculiarities and regularities of quantity and taxonomic
compound of mesofauna, depending on technological
methods that are being used for cultivation of
agricultural crops in experimental farming JSC
“Zavety Il’icha” of the Leningrad district, are
considered. The observed area is mostly populated
with soil inhabitants (68,7%) that include such families
as Geophilomorpha (geofila), Lithobiomorpha
(drupes), Julidae (millipede), Enchytraeidae,
Lumbricidae (earth worms). It was found that the use
of complex compost (as an alternate method of
cultivating the winter wheat and the sugar beet) has a
positive impact on a biological activity of ordinary
chernozem. The introduction of complex compost
optimized the ecological state of agrolandscape
system, which is associated with activation of biophilic
elements at upper soil layer. An upgrade of soil
structure, water-holding capacity and agrochemical
properties creates enabling environment for the vital
activity of invertebrates and for their trophic
cooperation with the habitats
The results of studying the ordinary pine condition in
geographical cultures of the Central forest-steppe are
cited in the article. The general pattern of the ordinary
pine intraspecific variability is represented. The data of
origin influence on safety, efficiency, qualitative
adjectives are presented. The pattern of ecotypes
adaptability to new environment conditions is
presented
In the author's interpretation we consider concepts and methods of science, such as science, knowledge, model, gnosticism and agnosticism, the principle of Ashby, facts, empirical regularity, empirical law, scientific law, and others. We have formulated the main problem of the science, concluding that cognitive abilities of a human are limited and do not provide effective knowledge in a very large volume of data. The solution to this problem is to look at ways of automation of scientific research. Traditionally, we use information-measuring systems and automated systems research (ASNI) for this. However, the mathematical methods used in these systems, impose strict impracticable requirements to the source data, which dramatically reduces the effectiveness and applicability of these systems in practice. Instead of having to submit to the source data impracticable requirements (like the normality of the distribution, absolute accuracy and complete replications of all combinations of values of factors and their full independence and additivity) automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) offers (without any pre-processing) to understand the data and thereby convert them into information and then convert this information to knowledge by its application to achieve targets (i.e. for controlling) and for solution for problems of classification, decision support and meaningful empirical research of the modeled subject area. ASC-analysis is a systematic analysis, considered as a method of scientific cognition. This is a highly automated method of scientific knowledge that has its own developed and constantly improving software tool – an intellectual system called "Eidos". The system of "Eidos" has been developed in a generic setting, independent of any domain and can be applied in all subject areas, in which people apply their natural intelligence. The "Eidos" system is a tool of cognition, which greatly increases the possibility of natural intelligence, just like microscopes and telescopes multiply the possibilities of vision (but in this case only if you have this possibility). The study proposes a new view of the models: phenomenological meaningful model, which is currently represented only by systemic cognitive models, and which is currently in the middle between empirical and theoretical knowledge. The system called "Eidos" is considered as a tool of automation of the learning process, providing meaningful synthesis of phenomenological models directly on the basis of empirical data
A number of small-sized machines for division of loose
materials on the basis of screw drums created with use
of engineering geometry and computer graphics
methods, in particular of the engineering geometry
section: curves and surfaces. In these machines, unlike
the known ones, the effect of the movement of bulks on
the curvilinear surfaces of screw reels with imposing of
low-frequency fluctuations from the vibrator on this
main movement is used. Such addition of two
movements does not only increase productivity, but also
provides self-cleaning of the sifting surfaces of screw
drums. The standard machine’s schemes are presented
with use of low-frequency fluctuations on the basis of
the screw drums made of several screw punched strips
with smooth screw lines on perimeter and also of screw
drums of only one of punched strips with various form of
cross section of the sifting surface