Theoretical, transformational and practical provisions for the development and regulation of small businesses and farms in the country's economy and agriculture are being cleared up. In the process of studying the problem we used logical reasoning, methods of comparing, and monographic, economic and statistical methods also. It is shown that small farming forms (SFF) in agriculture are essential for progressive development of agriculture, which is now recognized as a growth point of import substitution in all national economy. Given the author's interpretation of the category definition "small farming form" in agriculture differs from other definitions, in a more complete evaluation and statistics, provisions regarding private cottages and households as the SFF, their locality of functioning, independence in taking risks, increased adaptation, economic and legal binding, spectrum of production. The article shows the history of definitions of small business and small farming forms, stages of small business development, the scope of its practice abroad and in our country. It is said that a leading role in the formation of small farms belonged to households, which are still playing a leading role in production of agricultural products for their own consumption (without selling on the market). It is noted that at the present stage of industrial transformation of small businesses and small farms they often have a low mechanization level, high cost structure of manual labor. They have problems in adapting to the sector of services, in embedding into a complex system of relationships with medium and large business on the basis of technological specialization and also promoting innovation. It is emphasized that today the growing role of small businesses, small farms makes it more pragmatic to assess the prospects of development of this sector in our country
The aim of the work is to establish rational parameters on the basis of analytical and experimental research, in terms of obtaining the maximum performance of the unit based on a class 5 tractor, an automatic gear shift system. We have proposed a device for automatic gear shifting, in which the pressure of the working fluid in the pneumatic-hydraulic accumulator installed in the power transmission of the tractor of the elastic-damping mechanism, equivalent to the engine torque, was used as an input signal. The task of optimizing the tracking device and the actuator of the automatic shift system is the definition based on the theory of automatic regulation of the rational flow cross section of the damper throttle and the time delay of the system response to ensure the input signal with the necessary filtering in frequency and phase. The study presents the results of the tests carried out under laboratory conditions, which showed that the automatic gear shift system provides gear shifting at an external load frequency in the range from 0 to 0.24 s-1, direct assessments of the quality of the automatic gear shift system: oscillation (0), overshoot (0%) and time of the transition process (2...4 s), meet the requirements for their work. The analysis of the results obtained in experimental studies showed that the productivity of the machine-tractor plowing unit with a class 5 tractor-model equipped with the developed system of automatic gear change is higher by 10.6%, and the specific fuel consumption is 8.1% lower compared to the serial version
Presently, the problem of carrying into effect of
distance technologies in higher education is becoming
more urgent. The article analyzes various software
products with the help of which a distance course can
be developed, and the stages of its development are
described. The choice of modular object-oriented
dynamic learning environment Moodle as a system for
organizing distance courses in higher education is
founded. There are described not only the advantages
of Moodle learning environment, but also the
drawback which is connected with the impossibility to
identify a user that requires additional use of
information technologies. There are also regarded the
methodical and technical features of the distance
learning course development in this learning
environment. A particular attention is paid to the
interactive coordination of the teacher and students,
which is realized by creating a chat or forum for
convenient and fast exchange of messages between
users, besides, the teacher has the possibility to
monitor the work of students not only offering control
and test tasks, but also determining the deadline for the
assignment to be fulfilled, the possibility of a repeated
access to correct errors. There is presented the
experience of developing a distance course in the
Moodle study environment at the Priamursky State
University for the discipline "Theory of Probability
and Mathematical Statistics"
In this article the model and a calculation procedure of
an integrated indicator of risk of the internal
environment of the integrated production system are
described. Then the steps of creation of triangular
fuzzy number for expected value of profit are given.
At creation of this fuzzy number the concept of an
indicator of risk of the internal environment of the
integrated production system was used. Further on the
basis of the developed model of internal risk the
interval model of efficiency of the integrated
production system is developed and described. In this
article the structure of a production chain of the
integrated production system of agroindustrial
complex was considered. In technologically complete
production chain, as a rule, allocate three stages – raw
materials production, storage and conversion, sale of
finished goods. Each subsequent stage depends from
previous stage, and at each stage various situations of
risk are shown. Also the process of risk identification
of the internal environment of the integrated
production system was considered in this article.
Process decomposition is executed, the description of subprocesses is given. For a risk assessment of the
internal environment it is necessary to know quantity
of production chains, and also to calculate value of risk
for each production chain on the enclosed algorithm.
Also in the article the principle of recognition and
interpretation of results of calculation of an integrated
indicator of risk of the internal environment of the
agro-industrial integrated production system on the
basis of Harrington's scale and standard indistinct 01
classificators is shown
In the article we have described the software for automatic control system of air cooling of gaseous and liquid media. We have developed an auto-matic system of air-cooled gaseous and liquid media, consisting of ramp-function and auto-ray system of regulation
This work presents a new approach to the countries’
credit rating definition, based on the advanced mathematical
models, such as neural network model, multiple
regression, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis.
A range of the analyses such as discriminant, cluster,
multiple regression models and a neural network
were performed on the following economic figures:
GDP per capita, GDP value, annual growth rate of
GDP, FDI - foreign investment, rate of unemployment,
consumer price inflation index, the size of government
debt in percentage of GDP. The results, obtained for
each model were combined in the countries’ credit
rating estimation system called "7M"
The article reveals the problem of inconsistency of
modern professional education structure of the labor
market needs. The considered possibility of formation
of professional competence of bachelors of design
through the development of personal qualities in the
design activity. The authors propose a solution to the
problem, which is to focus University education on the
formation of the model competence designer. The
concept design represents the art and design work
based on advanced design thinking, which is based on
creative thinking and practical skills, backed up by
self-organization of personality. Competence includes
knowledge, skills, abilities, personal qualities and
under certain conditions, these categories may be
considered from the standpoint of professional
competence. The authors mean by the methods of
formation of professional competence of certain
techniques and ways of interacting of the teacher and
the bachelors of design in project activities that
conform to the competence approach in education
aimed at the formation and development of social,
communicative, professional and other qualities of the
person. This allows students more fully realized in
modern socio-economic conditions. In the modern
educational process by preparation of bachelors of
design the authors identify methods of activization of
educational activity, organization of independent work
and research activity of students, as most conducive to
the formation of common cultural and professional
competences of future designers
Recipe and diet of people engaged in mental activities determine the peculiarities of their lifestyle. It relates to sedentary lifestyle, sitting position, high stress loads. Features of the lifestyle of this population require the application of the fundamental laws of nutrition and a careful calculation of physiological needs in nutrients. Relatively small muscle load and the habit of high calorie food leads to weight gain, obesity and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Based on biomedical research and analysis of respondents’ data, we have formulated basic requirements for the development of biologically safe food products for people engaged in mental work. The article also assesses the chemical composition of the animal and vegetable raw materials grown in the Kuban. We have developed a technology of fish and fish products and meat and cereal canned food for people engaged in mental work. As a result of experimental and analytical studies, we have substantiated the composition of food and medicinal plants for obtaining antioxidant complex. We have also developed a CO2-technology for production of the antioxidant complex
This article discusses the problems of using indicators
of material flow in the financial accounting
management accounting system. The authors have
created and described the classification of material
costs in building units. It allows solving the problems
of object of research specifying within a given material
flow and inventory control within a given logistics
systems. There are different approaches to the
valuation of material costs in the article. An important
aspect of measures for the integration development of
accounting systems is the adoption of uniform
valuation of building materials and structures. It is
proved that the most rational combination of these
types of records achieved by an adapted classification
and measurement of building materials and structures
to the conditions of formation of the budget for the
project volume of construction works and the
reflection of the actual volume of work in the financial
accounting system. On the basis of the accounting
policies and the organizational structure of the object
of investigation of "Kubanstroykompleks" we have
identified responsibility centers (sites) for costs related
to the material flow: Department of logistics and
packaging and warehousing, which consists of a
central and railroad warehouse
The article examines the issues of functioning of private
pension funds (NPF) as an alternative in relation
to the state pension system of institutions of social
protection of the population in the current economic
environment characterized by increasing process of
financial globalization and instability, closing the external
financing channels, political threats and challenges
from the United States and a number of countries
of the world economic community. The study
shows that the pension services industry is evolving in
harsh business environment and constant transformation
of the legal and organizational nature; modern
stage of reform that is aimed at the formation of multipillar
pension system to improve the retirement security
of citizens; It appears unfavorable for the activity of
Russian NPF demographic statistics. It was investigated
that the investment potential of the largest Russian
NPF as suppliers of investment resources on key indicators
reflects the success of the business development
of large funds. Abstract investment strategies and
structure of the investment portfolio of NPF, which is
dominated by the corporate sector bonds and funds
placed in bank deposits. The potential expansion of
the investment portfolio is evaluated at the expense of
NPF implementation of securitized transactions. There
is objective evaluation criteria of NPF given the state
of the operational environment