In the article we have observed the main theoretical
and methodological issues of European philosophy
streams in the second half of XX century, which
refused the image of philosophy as exact science,
based on logic conceptual tool. We have shown the
connection of poststructuralist formations and
structuralist scheme in creating «discourse typology»,
a new discipline which implies philosophy to be
considered as one of literature genres. Structuralists’
search starts from the description of invariable, static
structures that help to create separate pieces of fiction.
The latter are observed as isolated situations in which
these atomic structures are used. Such attitude, as
revealed in the article, results in two deductions. The
first considers literature having no specific features
compared to other types of discourse, i.e. it does not
exist as such. (Ts.Todorov) The second deduction
implies that being aware of the logical creation of any
meaning reader’s hermeneutics is seen as unnecessary.
These deductions resulted in a new scientific
discipline «discourse typology», developed by
structuralists. This stream was continued by
poststructuralists, i.e. strategy to «poetize philosophy»
is justified by the expansion of the object for science
cognition in the direction of not verifiable and not
rationalized, requiring separate methods of study as
well as description language. Consequently,
philosophical discourse becomes that very descriptive
language that helps to overcome «logocentrism» of
traditional thinking. Further in the article we consider
the main «logomachy» strategies developed by
J.Derrida, i.e. «deconstruction», «structure
decentration», «critics of transcendental significatum»,
«critics of structural properties of the construction»
The article discusses and explains the similarity of organizational, structural and functional «solutions» at different system stages of the evolutionary development presented in nature and society. It is shown that at any level of biological organisation transition to a new stages of evolutionary development is implemented not only via «classical» individual changes (adaptations) of the particular organisms, but also by means of: 1) integration of organisms into the new systems of «superorganisms», 2) the differentiation of their functions or the division of labor, and 3) the development of internal and external communication, integrated into the overall communication system, ranging from single cells to ecological and social communication. The article argues that the distinctive characteristic of the present stage of evolution is cumulative cultural evolution of complex social systems that support (scaffold) the development of their individuals, through learning processes. It is shown that such social systems still have structural and functional isomorphism with biological systems; however, their reproduction and transmission implemented predominantly through more developed in the human community non-genetic inheritance systems, the advanced division of labour and distributed cognition.
The problem of human freedom as an existential
phenomenon. It analyzes the current reality, where the
average person with a conformist attitude was unable
to speculate about genuine freedom. It reveals the
practical sense of philosophizing, as a necessary
process of formation of the inner freedom of the
individual
The article aims to show the problems, which a
researcher has to face during the analysis of the
Thieves’ Law. The Thieves Law is considered as a
synthesis of texts that can be decomposed into subsets
of smaller texts. The originals of such texts in various
languages were lost, and their later translations and
compilations made the analysis more difficult. The
synthesis of such texts is viewed through the prism of
generally understood Kabbalah, and the main
principle is an esoteric search for the "inner sense"
that is based on the algorithms and stereotypes in
criminal activity. The mental spaces of legal law and
religious systems give a reference space of the
Thieves Law by such approach. The parts of such
mental spaces contradictory to others are removed
from this reference space. Not only words but also
phrases, sentences, texts, and even sets of texts, any
multilevel signs at accidental and planned asymmetry
in form and essence become codifying elements in
sources full of allegory and parable. The analysis is
based on a synthesis of views by L.N. Gumilev, U.
Eco, and O.V. Leszczak
The authors of this article affect the actual topic of
the use of foreign words in the media, which is
inevitable in our time due to changes in the state
system and economic structure system of Russia.
Number of foreign words in modern Russian
language is very large and is growing every day
because almost every English word can be borrowed
regardless of the appropriateness of such
replenishment of lexical structure. The causes of
borrowed words can be different in nature factors, the
need for new forms of language, in a variety of
means, brevity and clarity, in convenience. The
reasons for borrowing in the language of the mass
media, is seen terminology "craze" expressive
originality, emotional expression and the
identification of sublanguage. The process of
borrowing the words does not occur spontaneously
and at the same time. It happens for a long time,
gradually, provides a series of steps and stages.
Russian language recently borrowed a large flow of
English words with suffix -ing-, clear structural
separability and value received and the foreign
language element -maker, quite confidently took its
positions in the language prefix -super
This article is dedicated to the specialties of formation,
consolidation and use of written speech at English
classes in a non-linguistic university. The main aspects
of writing are determined which imply spelling,
written speech, business letter writing skills and
translation. Special tasks directed to perfection of
every component are worked out for non-linguistic
students. All these aspects make the process of
studying the English language more effective,
motivated, and the consolidation of the communicative
competence more efficient
After analyzing scientific papers on the topic of many
scholars, the author focuses on the situational
approach as a major factor of the organizational
aspects of the investigation planning by an
investigative team in cases of multi episode complex
collective crimes. It has been suggested that the
planning and organization of the investigation is
preceded by the predictive assessment of the
investigation situation, determination of the pattern of
a detective’s actions and programming and simulation
of the investigation process. All processes require the
implementation of organizational and administrative
activity of the head of the investigative team.
However, the initial investigation planning for one or
more crimes is reduced only to a description of the
investigative situations, to the presentation of a list of
investigative actions and operational searching
activities without the agreed plan and appointment of
the participants in such activities. Consequently, the
situational approach in planning can minimize errors
during investigative activities and optimize the work
of the investigative team dealing with the multi
episode crime particularly complex in terms of
investigative and procedural actions and operational
and searching activities
The article describes the national education paradigm,
which considers the process of learning-education as
an important mechanism contributing to the formation
of students’ personality according to their abilities and
needs. The problem of a modern teacher consisting in
optimization of educational process based on the
student’s individual needs is considered. Etymological
analysis of the term "optimization, which allows
defining its understanding is produced. The basic
criteria of optimality derived by different authors are
described. The article also examines such psychology
section as an educational psychology. It is said about
the structure of modern Russian education system,
which includes four interrelated and interdependent
elements. The article draws conclusions about the
necessity of designing individual educational trajectory
to satisfy the specific individual educational needs.
The basic principles of the Russian educational system
and in accordance with it, the educational process in
terms of constructing the optimization strategy are
considered
The relevance of the article is caused by the necessity
to form the linguacultural competence of foreign
students studying Russian language that corresponds to
the Contemporary didactics of foreign language
teaching. The case (precedent) texts are considered as
one of the main means of linguacultural orientation
used in practices of teaching Russian as a foreign
language. The necessity to study the case (precedent)
texts in this way is defined by its active use in
language and by the presence of cultural component
determining the valuable priorities of Russian vision of
the world. Therefore, the assimilation of case
(precedent) texts as actively used language elements of
Russian culture is the most important principle of
developing the communicative competence.
The aim of this work is the attempt to describe the case
(precedent) texts, acting as key material in the practice
of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The article
reveals the specificity of case (precedent) texts in the
context of national culture, it also identifies and
analyses their formal and semantic features, the
peculiarities of perception of the case (precedent) texts
by foreign students. The researching results of the
peculiarities of the case texts that are used in the
process of studying and teaching Russian as a foreign
language, allow drawing the conclusion that the
efficiency of assimilation of the considered units is
caused by knowledge of their structure and semantics,
by understanding the values, determined by them
The educational technology on the basis of the
representation of artistic images has been discussed in
the article. Fragments of the literature works may serve
as an illustration to the formed students' perceptions of
the phenomenon, are used as a research problem in the
study of the course "History of agronomy." Excerpts
from literary works of writers from different periods
form the basis of artistic images of crops. The tasks
with the description of certain plants taken from the
literary work have been developed in the course
"History of scientific agronomy" on the topic of the
history of plants introduction into agricultural
production. The examples of plants: nettles, clover,
tobacco, wheat, and the future of the plant of the future
were given in the paper. The following topics such as
the history of the introduction of agricultural plants,
the use of technology, technology of cultivation, the
story spread have been considered in the paper. Due to
the representation of works of literary art as an
educational technology for course «The history of
agronomy» in this area, main elements are: perception,
reaction, learning, organization and the formation of
values and orientation systems practice. Using the
works of art allows us to develop the following
functions of the educational process: developmental
(facilitates search and analysis feature passages
describing the history of the plants), motivational
(encourages conduct an active search), teaches the
basics of popularizing scientific agronomy through
artistic expression, teaching observation, developing a
productive search and cognitive activity of students