The article considers the mathematical task of calculating
the transient flow of water in the regulation of
concentrated releases of water discharges on stream flows
in lower tails of spillway waterworks. An algorithm,
analytical solutions based on hydraulic calculations of the
process of propagation and transformation of long waves
described by Saint-Venant equations are constituted.
These equations are nonlinear and have no exact
solutions. To obtain approximate solutions these
equations are linearized. The efficiency of spillways
depends on how accurately hydraulic processes
characteristics are measured. Control and direct
measurement of characteristics of hydraulic processes in
natural conditions is difficult, which requires applying
methods of mathematical modeling and simulation
studies of transient processes, which are based on the
algorithms of functioning of transient hydraulic processes
control. Introduction of the developed method for
hydraulic calculation of discharge releases to streams, diverting the water from water discharge structures,
allows optimize idle and non-technological discharges of
water from reservoirs. Considering the highly dynamic
nature of the water flow in the lower tails of the dams at
concentrated releases of water discharges from reservoirs,
development of new methods of hydraulic calculation of
extreme discharges and water depths at the critical
sections of watercourses with transient regime of water
flow is an important task
In this article, we present the results of the experiments on
the potential of productivity and accumulation of the root
mass of the Alfalfa and Brome-grass, on the content of the
main nourishment elements and the consolidation of gross
energy in the roots and agroenergetical effect of the
collected gross energy in the conditions of permafrost turf
soil of the Middle Lena valley. The maximum productivity
potential of beans and cereals grass mixture was reached
on the basis of the organic mineral nourishment regime:
the collected exchange energy – 21,3 GJ, feed units – 1568
and collected raw proteins – 428 kg per ha. Thus, the
content of digestible protein in beans and cereals grass
mixture agrophytocenoenosis was increased from 118 to
124 g, that exceeded a zootechnic norm (105 g). In general
the nitrogen contained in the total root mass of beans and
cereals grass mixture agrophytocenoenosis was up to 26,6
centner per hectare and movable phosphorus- up to 33,6 kg
per hectare that can serve as the source of nourishment for
sown herbs. The maximal stock of gross energy in roots
was got in beans and cereals grass mixture
agrophytocenoenosis at organic-mineral degrees (humus of
40 centner per hectare once in 4 years + of N120PK60
annually) up to 157,1 GJ/ha, while the accumulation of the
root mass reached 140,3 centner per hectare at average
annual rates of accumulation of dry substance up to 24,5
centner per hectare. The processes of formation,
decomposition and death of roots in the beans and cereals
grass mixture agrophytocenosis take place almost in a
balance state. Wherein the biological factor, as the
inclusion of the Yakut yellow variety of the Alfalfa in the
grass stand, plays a positive role
In the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes
develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty
particles along the profile, water-soluble humus,
mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most
intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog
soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains
plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief
elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical
and oxidation-reduction properties for
cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop
rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high
checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones
We have studied the effect of presowing enrichment
with copper on the seed yield of rice. We have found
optimum concentration of water solution of copper,
which provides higher yields of seeds and evaluated
the impact of the enrichment with copper on the
growth processes in the plants of rice. The studies
were conducted in elite seed-growing enterprise
"Krasnoe" of All-Russian Research Institute of rice.
It was found that for rice-growing farms of the
Kuban region with the aim of increasing the quantity
and quality of grain yield it is necessary to make
sowing of rice seeds enriched with copper. This
application should be carried out by wetting the rice
seeds with 0,5 % water solution of the microelement
with a semi-dry method, i.e. the rate of 10 liter
working solution of copper in 1 ton of seed. The
article proves the economic feasibility of enrichment
of rice seeds with copper
To develop the novel herbicide antidotes for the
sunflower vegetative plants, the group of chemical
compounds, belonging to the derivatives of 2-
alkylthionicotinonitrile was synthesized and their
antidote activity both in the laboratory and field
experiments was studied. The compounds with a high
antidote effect were found
The nutrient structure of fruits of the Mountain ash of
ordinary Sorbus aucuparia L., sloe of Prunus spinosa
and their extracts is investigated. Inside them, the
standard methods in biochemistry have determined the
content of extractive substances, sugars, titrable acids,
vitamins C and P, phenolic and pectinaceous
substances. Results of analyses demonstrate that the
fruits of wild plants ripening in the conditions of
Dagestan – mountain ashes and sloe - can be
effectively used as raw materials for receiving extracts
which are rich in vitamins, carbohydrates and phenolic
connections. The possibility of production of highquality
nutrient-rich extracts from these fruits with
application of various technological modes and ways
of extraction is revealed: duration of insisting of raw
materials; various concentration of ethanol in an
extractant and ratios raw materials/ extractant. Results
of researches demonstrate that at a ratio of raw
materials/extractant 1:3 and the 70% content of ethanol
in the extractant have come the greatest extraction
from vitamin fruits P (routine) and phenols which
made respectively 56,0-65,7% and 51,4-68,3%.
Increase in extraction of titrable acids and vitamin C is
noted at 50% concentration of ethanol in the
extractant. The maximum release of sugars has come
from all fruit substrata at 30% ethanol in the
extractant. Results of biochemical analyses of extracts
have shown that carrying out extraction in the way of
double insisting on condition of selection of optimum:
concentration of ethanol in the extractant, ratios of the
raw materials/ extractant and the best time of insisting, allow to provide on average a 55-60% exit of nutrients
from the studied fruit raw materials
This article notes that agricultural production is not a self-regulating system. The article highlights specific features of agricultural production and forms of ownership of the major productive resource – land, ineffective policies of promoting development and introduction of innovative technologies. It is noted that the system of measures and tools of state regulation of agricultural production have two directions of influence: governmental regulation of the agricultural market mechanism and industrial governmental support for manufacturers. The authors give classification of methods and instruments of state regulation, liberalization of the agricultural sector in the WTO, levels of aggregate support for agriculture; as well as identifies the key growth areas of the governmental support and discusses the basic institutions of governmental regulation: ownership, legal Institute of economic management and the Institute of organization management. It's pointed out that the current dynamics of the development of agricultural production in our country is determined by four major external factors: the Institute of Western sanctions imposed against our country, Russia's integration into the international market by joining the World Trade Organization, the functioning of the Single Economic Space within the Customs Union, and the necessity of solving problems of import substitution and food security of our country. Implementation of these methods requires significant institutional transformation and transition into the new levels of legal, commercial, and economic regulation with observance of equitable international cooperation. In conclusion, the authors discuss an insufficient level of development stimulation in domestic agriculture
The article shows the historically developed situation
and the actual state of the production practice in
chronic mycotoxicosis of a bird. The main feed
problems in poultry farming are shown through the
prism of a review of market proposals for feed
concentrates. An overview of preventive and
compensating agents on the market, as well as a brief
description of feed concentrates based on beta-carotene
for fighting mycotoxicosis. It is shown that the
vitamin-mineral fodder concentrate "Tetra +" is an
alternative to the existing feed concentrates on the
market, the effectiveness of which has been confirmed
in experiments on laboratory animals and in poultry
feeding. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made
about the relevance of studies to identify the
effectiveness of vitamin-mineral concentrate "Tetra +"
in livestock
Duration of vegetation period is one of the main
adaptive traits for any crop or variety. Reasonability
of cultivation of a variety in a particular soil and
climate zone is determined by the duration of the
vegetative period. One of the aims of breeding is
the creation of the varieties with the main vegetative
phases lasting at more favorable climatic conditions.
The most accurate way to determine maturity
group of a variety is by estimation of starting
of heading phase, which can be defined with the
greatest precision. The article covers the analysis of
the duration of the vegetative period of the lines
and varieties of winter barley of local and foreign
selection in the central zone of Krasnodar region.
All the varieties were divided into three maturity
groups. The vegetative periods of the varieties were
studied during four years. The most favorable and
adverse conditions for yield formation were determined.
The interactions between the productivity of
the varieties depending on maturity group were
identified. The varieties of the early maturity group
which are more productive than the check were
selected, which is most valuable for the breeding of
the crop. The best varieties with the high and stable
yield and the positive traits are regularly involved
in the breeding programs with the porpoise of making
new varieties of the winter barley
For the production of high quality winter wheat grain,
it is necessary to observe the technology of growing
the crop and creating optimal conditions for the growth
and development of plants. An important role in it is
played not only by agrotechnical measures, but also by
effective protection of crops from pests. The
phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowings has
worsened significantly in recent years, however, the
degree of damage to crops and the harmfulness of
fungal diseases can be significantly reduced, and in
some cases completely prevented by treatment of crops
with fungicides. The range of fungicides is improved
annually by incorporating more effective and less
environmentally hazardous preparations. The research is aimed at determining the optimal rates of
consumption, the biological effectiveness of new
fungicides and assessing their effect on the yield of
winter wheat. As a result, it has been established that
treatment with Abucus Ultra with a rate of 1.0 l / ha
has protective properties, but does not treat plants
(72.2%). This further leads to a loss of an average of
about 0.5 tons of grain per hectare. Fungicide Akanto
Plus in the investigated rates of consumption has good
protective and eradicating (healing) properties and
with a decrease in the rate of consumption of less loss
of yield. Thus, the choice of the preparation and its
consumption rate should be based on an understanding
of the phytosanitary situation, taking into account the
condition of crops and the agroclimatic situation