QuЕChERS SAMPLE PREPARATION IN THE DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL CLASSES BY HPLC
The method has been developed of simultaneous
determination of active ingredients of different kinds
of pesticides in biological tissues (fish liver) by
applying HPLC with ultra-violet detection and the
rapid method of QuEChERS sample preparation. We
defined optimum volume and composition of the
reagents for the extraction, time of centrifugation and
ultrasound treatment, the origin and composition of
sorbents that ensure maximum extraction of the
substances studied and further cleanup of interfering
substances. Acetonitrile was used as a solvent. The
extraction was carried out in the presence of a
buffering mixture - trisodium citrate dihydrate and
disodium citrate hemihydrate. Bondesil PSA bulk
sorbents (alkylated amine containing two amine
functional groups - secondary and primary) and C18E
(reversed-phase sorbent based on silica gel with
grafted octadecylsilane groups were used to purify the
extract from coextractable substances (fats, proteins,
sugars, organic and fatty acids, pigments and other
impurities). The degree of extraction of the analyzed
active ingredients of pesticides from the liver of fish
was 79%. The detectable pesticide concentrations
ranged from 0,4 to 0,97 mg/kg. The relative standard
deviation of the analysis results amounted to 0,01-0,14
The article presents the results of the development of
an alternative model for calculating the values of
atomic radius. A formula was derived for calculating
the atomic radius of the elements of the Periodic
System of DI Mendeleev. The optimal calculation
conditions for the proposed model are found. It is
shown that the curve of the dependence of the value of
the correction coefficient x on the atomic number of
the element in form coincides with the dependence of
the ionization energy on the charge number
The results of investigation of melanoidin’s formation
early stages in acidic ethanolic D-glucose – p-toluidine
model system are presented. Based on the elemental
analysis, IR- and UV-spectroscopy data obtained we
have shown, that in system studied Amadori
rearrangement product undergo the aryl amine
elimination during browning to form a nonnitrogenous
reductons with antioxidative activity in
processes of linoleic acid oxidation. It is also noted,
that in system studied inhibition of carbohydrate’s
destruction occurs because of non-reactive O-ethylglycosides
formation. The data obtained may be useful
for technology of carbohydrate-containing raw
material
The differential stability of mRNA is an important
mechanism for posttranscriptional regulation of gene
expression in eukaryotes. Messenger RNA stability is
controlled by specific genes and growth conditions.
The review examines the theoretical possibility of
mRNA stabilization in vivo as a consequence of
replacing carbon atoms (C) or phosphorus (P),
composed of nucleic acid on the silicon (Si) atom.
During isolation of poly-(A)+mRNA from plant
tissues by the two-cycle affinity chromatography on
poly-(U)-Sepharose, regular changes in poly-
(A)++mRNA yield were observed. The changes
varied both with the plant genotype and growth
conditions. Celite treatment of heated and unheated
total RNA preparations from developing corn kernels
and from green and etiolated wheat seedlings.
Messenger RNA that differed in the length of poly-
(A)-sequences was used for hybridization. It is
evident that a reduction of poly-(A)-length causes
alterations in spatial structure of mRNA, and
associated proteins and cations Mg++ become
accessible to celite absorption. Heating promotes
melting of secondary structure, already initiated, and
increases the efficiency of mRNA stabilization by
celite. Interpreting the facts interact celite with mRNA
in vitro and stabilization of mRNA in vivo by
cycloheximide with a modern point of view can be considered with the position research of the
phenomenon of RNA interference
Industrial horticulture assumes the most effective use of
the potential of varieties. One of the key factors
determining the yield of garden plantings is the
effectiveness of pollination. To obtain the maximum
yield, it is necessary to ensure maximum pollination
during the flowering period. For this reason, much
attention has been paid to the selection of pollinators.
Crab-apple forms are promising for use as pollinators, so
this work was aimed at identifying the most common
alleles of the self-incompatibility gene in the crab-forms
using the molecular genetic method of analysis. The
object of the study was 29 apple-tree creams and 3 elite
selection forms. They carried out the molecular genetic
identification of alleles S2 and S10, which are among
the most common apple trees in the world gene pool.
Allele S2 was identified in 16 samples (14 forms and 2
elite selection forms), while S10 allele in one
sample (elite form 12/2-20 (24-28)). Data on the allelic
composition of the S gene in the samples studied are of
value for the formation of a genetic passport on the
compatibility of the studied samples of apple with
modern industrial varieties
The article presents the first results of studies of
somaclonal variability, which take place during
cultivation of tea plants tissues and organs in vitro
culture. As a starting material, there was used
morphogenic callus, isolated from the basal part of tea
microshoots, because callus increases somaclonal
variability. An optimized protocol of the nutrient
medium for induction gemmogenesis to product somatic
clones of tea plants in vitro culture was developed.
Morphogenesis calluses, initiated from the basal part of
tea microshoots and subcultured on the nutrient medium
with 6 – BAP – 2,5 ml + gibberellic acid – 1,0 ml +
Tidiazuron – 4,0 ml + Tryptophan – 1000 mg,
distinguished by high rates of induction of
gemmogenesis – 63,3 %. The article studies the effect of
exogenous growth regulators on morphological and
growth indices of tea callus culture in vitro
The pathogenic agent of apple scab disease, Venturia
inaequalis (Cooke) Winter, causes significant damage
to the industrial production of apples. Studying the
pathogen in pure culture is important for solving the
theoretical and practical issues of its biology. The
sporulation ability of the Venturia inaequalis
laboratory culture is an important diagnostic feature in
morphological culture analysis, in the test for
sensitivity to fungicides, when creating a collection
inoculum for an artificial infection. We have studied
the morphological features of conidiogenesis of pure
V. inaequalis culture, such as the location of
conidiogenic structures and their form. For the first
time in the laboratory culture of the pathogen,
sporulation in the thickness of agar on the substrate
mycelium was demonstrated. Conidiogenesis
proceeded according to the blastic-annellidic type.
Depending on the location of the conidiogenic
structures on the aerial or substrate mycelium, their
morphology was different. Conidiogenic areas in the
substrate mycelium could be observed with the
unaided eye, in the form of hyphal grit, while they
were conidia conglomerations in each annelid.
Annellide had a curved shape. On the aerial mycelium,
annelids were straight and always had only one
conidium. Differences in the morphology of
conidiogenic structures are supposed to be related to
the physical conditions of the environment in which
sporulation takes place. In the agar, each mature
conidium remaining at the apex of the annelid
interferes with the formation of the next one, which
results in its bending. The fixed arrangement of
conidiogenic structures and forming conidia in the
thickness of agar allows the use of substrate
sporification for model studies of the conidiogenesis
process
The work was carried out in the scientific-research
laboratory of the chair of Biotechnology, Biochemistry
and Biophysics of Kuban SAU, the aim of which is the
search of optimal conditions of obtaining the
hydrolyzates of lactic acid bacteria by thermoacid and
enzymatic ways. The pure cultures of microflora of
gastrointestinal tract of quails − Lactobacillus agilis,
Lactobacillus intermedius and Lactobacillus salivarius
were the object of researches. Under conducting the
thermal acid hydrolysis there were used the same
correlations of bacterial mass and water as well as
procedures of clearing of hydrolyzates. The variable
conditions were рН, temperature and time of hydrolysis.
When carrying out the enzymatic hydrolysis in this
study there was used the enzyme from the group of
muramidase lysozyme. The amount of enzymes and
time of carried out hydrolysis were the variable
conditions under obtaining the enzymatic
hydrolyzates. In the process of researches there were
studied: qualitative content of total protein, peptides
with М.м. < 1500, protein and peptides with M.m. >
1500, aminoacids and as well as GMDP
(glucosaminilmuramilpentapeptide). On the basis of
carried out experiments there was stated that according
to all components of biologically active substances the
thermal acid way is more effective than enzymatic. The maximum accumulation of BAA in hydrolyzates
by different ways was revealed at destruction of cells
Lb. intermedius. Content of GMDP in thermal acid
hydrolyzate was higher than in enzymatic on
0,028 g/100 ml (51,8 %)
The dynamics of changes in the species diversity of
radiolarians during the last 150 million years with
accuracy to one geological century was determined.
The basic patterns of species and taxa of high rank
change had been established for the boundary
between Cretaceous and Paleogene. There were
revealed topomorphic features of bipolar species,
which have succeeded from the Cretaceous into the
Paleogene and became ancestors of Cenozoic
radiolarian fauna. Changes in the species number in
the boundary between Cretaceous and Paleogene
periods, and also significant variations in the species
diversity in Paleocene and Eocene are connected to a
combination of a number of factors. The most
important of those factors are geological processes,
causing extensive transgressions and regressions,
climate variability, the overall evolution direction of
the Earth biota and competition for important
chemical components for the Radiolaria’s livelihood.
The emergence of powerful tropical forests on the
land with their huge bio-production and bio-chemical
erosion is connected to late Cretaceous era. This
resulted increasing of the dissolved material
proceeding into the sedimentation pool, what is
confirmed by classical bauxites emergence. Because
aluminium oxide and silicon oxide are geochemically
connected, we can state as well about
increasing of dissolved silica flow initiated
development of Diatoms, which became competitors
to Radiolaria in their battle for silica. The last ones
are lost this battle, what caused the species
decreasing. That was not a catastrophic event with
immediate extinction, but a long process
The competitiveness of any company engaged in the
wholesale or retail sale of goods and services is
substantially determined by the level of quality of the
services provided. For the accompanying business of
vertically integrated oil companies, the criterion of
quality service is not an exception. Currently, cafes
and shops at the refueling complex are not only a
convenient service for customers, but also a solid
source of additional revenues for the largest oil
companies, each of which seeks to make the retail
network attractive to customers by offering a wide
range of goods in stores, ready meals in a cafe, and
related services. To satisfy the needs of the client, it is
necessary to offer a wide, but rational assortment of
goods at the refueling complexes. The claimed goods
must always be at the refueling complexes. The lack of
goods necessary for the customer on the shelf means
the loss of sales and profits, the order and location of
goods that are not in demand - the formation of
surpluses, returns to the supplier and write-offs. This
also affects the overall economic performance of the
company. In this regard, the increase of logistics
service is one of the priority tasks of the
accompanying business of vertically integrated oil
companies