In this work, we have analyzed the multiple
literary sources and summarized the material
regarding beet dietary fibers. Their composition,
physicochemical, physicomechanical and
hygrothermal properties were studied. The study of
the particle-size distribution showed that the
content of the insoluble fraction exceeded the
content of the soluble fractions in all the samples.
The use of the secondary products of processing of
the plant raw material is also critical; they allow
improving the preventive properties of products
and enriching them with dietary fibers, protein, and
mineral elements. The properties and quality of the
raw material are, to the large extent, determined by
and depend upon its granulometric composition,
that is, upon the size of particles that compose this
object. The authors determined the granulometric
composition of the studied nutritional supplements.
It was found out that the use of the combination of
the impacts together with the abrading impact led
to the intensification of the process, a decrease in
the milling time and the uniformity of the obtained
granulometric composition. The choice of the
vertical mill as milling equipment in combination
with the metal balls added to it to increase the
efficiency of milling and uniformity of the
granulometric composition of beetroot fibers was
proved experimentally
In agricultural production, the direction of introduction
of renewable energy for power consumers remote from
the external electrical network is relevant. Here,
prospects are revealed in front of the solar PV stations.
One of the main functional units of solar power is
inverters that convert the DC voltage of the solar
panels into alternating current. The article describes
the advantages and disadvantages of the main methods
of voltage regulation of the autonomous inverters of
solar photovoltaic power plants. We have proposed
new structural designs of autonomous voltage
inverters, described their advantages, features of
design and operation for voltage stabilization. We
suggest stand-alone inverters designed using high
frequency link, which will significantly improve mass
and dimensions parameters of the converter. Due to the
use of single-phase transformer with a rotating
magnetic field in stand-alone inverters, we improve the
efficiency of the converter and the reliability of the
work. Patents of the Russian Federation confirmed the
novelty of technical solutions of the considered
schemes of autonomous voltage inverters. Structural
schematics of the voltage regulators considered in the
article, as well as features of their work, will allow to
increase efficiency of preliminary works on
development of autonomous voltage inverters with
improved operational and technical characteristics for
solar photovoltaic power plants
At the nodes of the various machines, we use plain bimetal bearings: a steel base - antifriction cladding layer. Bimetal bearings have increased performance. One of the ways of making such bearings is the way of centrifugal bimetallization with heating of the independent electric arc. An important requirement of this technology is a uniform heating of the workpiece along the entire length until the formation of a continuous layer of the molten cladding material. The process of bimetallization require temperature control, since within the movement of the electric arc, low heat or high heat are possible due to heat dissipation from the ends of the workpiece in the installation and from the outer surface of the workpiece to the environment. A viable option the temperature control of the heat process of bimetallization for industrial conditions is to control the temperature of the outer surface of the steel base. It is necessary to solve the heat problem of the relationship between the temperature on the surface of the workpiece with the temperature on the boundary layers. For this purpose the numerical solution of the mathematical model of the thermal process, which includes the heat transmitting equation of Fourier and heat transfer at the ends of the sleeve according to Newton's law. The equivalent coefficients of heat transfer are obtained based on calculated and experimental thermograms. This is a time-consuming work. To minimize the time of fixing the boundary value problem of the thermal process of bimetallization, in this work we present the preliminary modeling based on the analytical solution of the thermal task of bi-metallization
With the aim of improving the productivity and performance of the sunflower seed separation process in the air-sieve seed-cleaning machine called MVU-1500 its multivariate analysis was carried out. The main indicators of the seed heap separation process were determined according to the feeding of the seed heap onto the sieve of the lattice. The indicators are as follows: completeness of the j-th components screening, the j-th components content in the sieve path, the completeness of their discharge and their content in the discharge from the sieve tier. Having adopted the hypothesis of a possible increase in the efficiency of the separation process in the air-sieve grain cleaning machine, we analyzed the delivery patterns of seed heap components into the pneumatic channel with the aim of optimizing the process. For a more complete assessment of the process indicators under consideration, basic patterns of movement of various components in the sieve-tier lattice were estimated. It was taken into account that in modern designs of air-sieve grain cleaning machines seeds are fed into the pneumatic channel from the sieves. When the width of the lattice is equal to one, the density of the j-th component of the seed heap is constant along the length of each sieve in the stack of sieves and the separation coefficient is constant along the length of the sieve, the expression received estimates the average speed of movement in the first sieve-tier lattice in the steady process of separation. There was evaluated the statistical significance of differences of the j-th component average speed movement on the second sieve- lattice by Student's t-criterion, which showed that they belong to the same sample of random variables and do not have statistically significant differences. Therefore, we can obtain the following velocity values of the heap of sunflower seed movement in the sieve-tier lattice: fragments of stems velocity is 0.0518 m/s; milled seeds velocity is 0.0381 m/s; velocity of sunflower seeds less than 3.2 and 3.2-3.6 mm thick is 0.0835 m/s, velocity of sunflower seeds of 3.6-4.0 mm thick is 0.0453 m/s, that of more than 4.0 mm thick is 0.0410 m/s
The article presents the materials of research on
studying of influence of various levels of crude fat in
the complete feed (CF) for the young geese of
Lindovskaya breed on chemical composition and
organoleptic quality of goose meat. In the
experimental groups we increased the concentration of
crude fat in the start and finish of the CF to 7.4 % and
6,85 %, respectively. As the lipid supplement, we used
sunflower oil. It is established that muscle tissue of
geese, consuming finishing CF with sunflower oil, has
a more pronounced taste, odour, tenderness and
juiciness. We may highlight the tendency to increase
the proportion of monounsaturated oleic acid, in the
background of the decrease of specific weight of
palmitic acid in the fat muscle 60 day goslings who
received the start and finish of CFs with the addition
of sunflower oil
For the research period (2003-2016), 57 pest species
and 46 pathogens were recorded on stone and
pomaceous fruits in humid Russian subtropics,
among which the representatives of the order
Lepidoptera and the division Ascomycota
predominate. The greatest number of the species was
recorded on the apple tree - 35 pests and 25
pathogens, the smallest - on cherry and sweet cherry
trees (13 and 10, respectively). 43,7 per cent of the
species are polyphages, while the relative abundance
of monophages among fungi is higher than among
arthropods. The species with activity in the summer
are prevalent. A group of species that are harmful in
humid subtropical environments all year round (11
species of phytophages and 19 pathogens) was
identified. Analyzing the changes in the species
composition of the complex through the time, we can
speak about the relative stability of the dominant
species. The group of the typical dominant species of
pests for almost a century has included Grapholita
molesta Busck., G. funebrana Tr., Cydia pomonella
L., Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul., Stigmina
carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Ellis, Monilinia laxa (Aderh.
et Ruhland) Honey, M. fructigena Honey,
Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S.
Salmon, Venturia carpophila E.E. Fisher and pear
V. pyrina Aderh. Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.,
Scolytus mali Bechst. and Tranzschelia prunispinosae
(Pers.) Dietel are currently dropped out
from the group of the dominants; Halyomorpha halys
Stål, which is a new pest for Russia, was added.
Groups of the species with sharp fluctuations in
abundance or frequently encountered were
distinguished
The contents of lead in soils are primarily determined by regional factors: the composition of parent rocks, relief, climate, vegetation. In recent years, these factors have increased the anthropogenic source of element. In order to assess its impact, requires knowledge of the natural, i.e., background lead levels, the so-called reference points, which can later be used to monitor changes occurring in the soil. Under background refers to the content of the element in soils at a great distance from the areas of receipt of contamination. Background content of lead in each type of soil depends mainly on composition of parent rocks. The correlation coefficient between the content of lead in parent rocks and soils, with the background contents is equal to 0,86±0,17 at p=0,95. For each soil type there are low variations in lead content due to the composition of parent rocks. Lead concentrations in the soils increased at the expense of its receipt from the atmosphere, irrigation water, drainage during mining, as a result of agricultural use, lead containing chemicals. Comparing the obtained results with existing currently permissible concentrations (APC, MPC) it is necessary to note that the lead content in leached chernozem soil after three rotations of the rotation may not cause any pathological changes or anomalies in the course of biological processes and lead to accumulation in the agricultural plants, and therefore may interfere with biological optimum
The influence of the crop rotation type, predecessor and different doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat varieties was investigated and bioenergetics estimation was given. Investigations were carried out in the North-Kuban Agricultural Experiment Station in two ten field crop rotation: grain tillage and grain - grass tillage rotation of prolonged stationary experience. The soil is the black soil, low in humus, powerful, with humus content (0-30sm), depending on the power of nutrition backgrounds in the arable soil layer. It was found that the selection of predecessors and the differentiated application of mineral fertilizers ensure stable high yields of grain and they exceed the varieties without fertilizers by 40-79%. Winter wheat yield depends on the crop rotation of 8-15%; from its predecessor - 15-18% and 27-31% of the fertilizer. A strong correlation between yield and agronomic methods was determined. The most effective predecessor for the wheat cultivation by the turnover of furrow slice is sainfoin, peas and wheat. More labor intensive and energy-consuming predecessors are grain maize and sugar beet
The trials were conducted in 2013-2015. Research objects: apple trees cv. Zhigulevskoye/62-396, year of planting – 2007, at 4,5x1m. Place of research – experimental orchard of ”I.V. Michurin Federal scientific centre " in Tambov region. The goal of research: to study the effect of fertigation and foliar nutrition in an intensive apple orchard. During the research there were done yield records, was determined the content of nutrients in leaves and soil. In the soil there was also determined humus content and acidity, fruits were analyzed on vitamin C, saccharides and organic acids contents. Nitrogen in leaves and soil was determined by Kjeldahl method, phosphorus by photocalorimeter KFK-3, potassium and calcium by flame photometer Jenway PFP-7. We have established the optimal average application rate for fertigation in conditions of the Central Chernozem zone of Russia, which could be used to calculate specific application rates with data of soil-leaf diagnostics. In our research, it is shown that the use of this application rate had no significant negative impact on the studied parameters of soil. It is shown that the biochemical composition of fruits is largely determined by weather conditions of the year of vegetation and foliar nutrition. Maximum efficiency of measures for mineral supply optimizing is achieved only with the good combination of fertigation and foliar nutrition
The extensive path for development in the country in the
twentieth century caused low competitiveness of
Russian pig production. The productivity of domestic
pig production was significantly lower than in Europe,
US, Canada and China. Feed costs per 1 kg of gain were
2-3 times higher with a low yield of piglets from a sow
per year: 14-16 with an average European 25-27 heads.
The country did not have enough meat; as a result, a
significant amount of meat products was imported to
Russia. Restrictions on imports in connection to the
imposition of embargoes contributed to the increase in
demand for domestic products and opened new
opportunities for Russian producers. One way to
increase the production of pork is to use pigs with a high
genetic potential for productivity, imported for breeding
from Canada and Europe. Based on the conducted
studies, it has been established that pigs of foreign
breeding have high reproductive qualities, which proves
the expediency of their application in commercial pig
production to increase the efficiency of the industry
development and reduce the import of pedigree
youngsters from abroad. The implementation of two
breed gilts will help increase productivity in the
industrial pig production