The work presents the results of studies on the
influence of the foliar spraying of white grapes of the
technical sort of ‘Chardonnay’ with new water-soluble
fertilizers: Nutrivant plus vinograd, Kelik potassiumsilicon,
Atlanta plus and microelements in chelated
form - Kelkat boron, Kelkat manganese and Kelkat
zinc, on its agro biological and technological
indicators. The field experiment was performed in the
AF Close Joint-Stock company "Primorsk" in
Temryuk District. The diagram of the experiment
consisted of five options: without treatment (control);
Nutrivant plus vinograd - 1 kg / ha; Kelik potassium
silicon - 3 kg / ha; Atlanta plus - 2 kg / ha; a set of
microelements - Kelkat boron, manganese and Kelkat
Kelkat zinc 660 g / ha each. It was established that the
foliar spraying with these fertilizers contributes to a
more intensive accumulation of sugar in the juice of
berries and to the acceleration of the harvest ageing.
Furthermore, the productiveness of shoots has been
increased, as it is shown in a greater number of
inflorescences, and sometimes, the average bunch
weight increases. All this contributes to a significant
increase in a yield from a bush and to a crop yield. The
highest content of chlorophyll (a + b), carotinoid and
the amount of pigment were observed in cases of
"Atlant plus" and "Kelik potassium-silicon," where the
highest sugar was contained in the berries. Foliar
spraying of grapes with the complex of microelements
and also Nutrivant plus and Atlanta plus contributed to
the improving of the quality of wine, as evidenced by
the data of the tasting degustation. The highest mark
was provided by the foliar spraying of bushes using
the complex of microelements
Questions of microbial plant protection become more
relevant. The use of microorganisms can solve the following
problems: biologization of agriculture and sanitation
of soil. Application of various physical factors
affecting the microorganisms reduces their number.
This influences the efficiency of their use. This article
gives examples of the application of pressure in the
biotechnological process of microbial preparations and
their use in the process of spraying. The effect of pressure
on nonspore bacteria - Azotobacter chroococcum,
spore-forming bacteria - Bacillus megatherium and fungi
- Trichoderma viride has been presented in this article.
These microorganisms are used in the tank medium
for protecting plants against diseases and pests developed
by Ltd. "Kuban agrotehnoloogy" of Kuban State
Agrarian University. Efficiency is the simultaneous
application of tank medium of microorganisms with
herbicide. It was found that the application of the tank
medium of microorganisms for spraying is necessary to
limit the pressure of 4.5 atm. Тhe use of higher spraying
modes effects on reducing the number of viable bacteria.
This fact has not been checked against fungi
The article provides information about the species
diversity of the family of Asteraceae in the natural area
of the Yakut botanical garden. We provide the
information about the method and the area of the
study, the description of the phytocenotic surrounding,
taxonomic analysis, areal analysis, bio-morphological
analysis (the variety of life forms) which was given by
the K. Raunkier, rhythmological analysis,
environmental analysis (by A.P. Schennikov),
analysis of phytocoenotic
The anthropogenic interference plays more and more increasing role in modern ecologic paradigm. Adjusting this role to the studied region, it is defined by the socio-economic conditions being formed in our country. The rate of construction in the resort zones of the Krasnodar region is sweepingly rising. In spite of the high therapeutic-recreational capacity of the region, this tendency is leading to the further worsening of the ecological situation. The strengthening of the ecological control in the terms of the present economic crisis is highly urgent when more and more Russians prefer native resorts for their rest and in the first turn - resorts of the Krasnodar region. The condition of the ambient air of some recreation zones of the Krasnodar region has been studied. Methods of atomic-absorbing chromatography and optical emissive spectrometry have been used. It has been shown that the differences in data are mainly determined by the different content of the air impurities depending on the probe selection place. According to the studied data, the ecologically purest places are Krasnaya Polyana and Goryachy Klyuch. Whereas, the content of atmospheric air pollutants in the central districts of the resort towns of Sochi and Goryachy Klyuch exceeds MAC. The comparison of the obtained data with the same data of the city of Krasnodar that had been obtained before allows making a conclusion about the favorable eco-hygienic state of the resort zones of the Krasnodar region. So our investigations authentically prove the existence of the significant differences in the ecological conditions of the city on the one hand and of the resort zones of the Krasnodar region on the other hand
The plant body cells must contain a certain
amount of water for a normal life. Water
deficiency in cultivated plants was due to using
herbicides used in intensive technologies of
cultivation of agricultural crops. The conditions
of the environment determine the sensitivity of
the plant to herbicide. Soil and climatic conditions
of winter wheat grown in the time of herbicide
treatment are important for the effectiveness of its
actions. It was found, that plants grown under
shade or high humidity are more sensitive to
herbicides than ones grown in bright sunlight and
in times of drought. During drought, and in the
open sunny spot, plant development is faster and
become more stable. On soils rich in humus, we
may grow less herbicide-resistant plants than in
soils poor in organic matter. Herbicides are
moved through the vascular system of plants with
nutrients and metabolic products, they cause
general poisoning as deformation of the stem and
leaves of the plants, growth inhibition, chlorosis,
fragility of leaves and stems, sterility, reducing
the amount of free to bound water, which is
particularly important for combating perennial
weeds that have strong and well-developed root
system. Monocots are able to immobilize the leaf
herbicides. Latency of herbicides and their
immobilization are carried out in various ways.
Elucidation of the physiological characteristics
that determine the resistance of plants to water
scarcity and the effects of the herbicides is the
most important task, the solution of which is not
only of great theoretical, but also has practical
significance
The article deals with hawthorn Dagestan. It is noted
that the more than 100 species are found 14 species in
Dagestan. The most common of them are studied as a
source of biologically active substances and nutrients,
and they can be used as food additives for various
purposes. The content of biologically active substances
and nutrients are defined. The high content of phenolic
substances in C. pentagyna Waldst. et Kit, which play
an important role in the formation of immunity and
possessing P-vitamin activity is defined. Amino acid
and fatty acid composition of the fruit of the hawthorn
Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit, as the most
valuable for using as food additives is defined by ionexchange
and gas-liquid chromatography. Sixteen
amino acids were identified and quantified in the
protein component of hawthorn fruit. The high content
of essential amino acids such as lysine, threonine,
valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine.
The amount of essential amino acids is 296.1 mg / 100
g. Chromatographic separation of fatty acid methyl
esters has enabled us to establish the presence of the
following fatty acids: palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic
and linolenic, including established the presence of
essential fatty acids - the family of alpha-linolenic acid
OMEGA -3 and linoleic acid family of OMEGA -6
The article considers data on the stocktaking of plants
in the collection of medicinal plants of the Yakut
Botanical Garden on the following parameters: the
study of the component composition, the inclusion in
the Pharmacopoeia articles and the Russian State
Register of medicinal products. Introduction test in the
collection has been performed for 158 species from 99
genera and 41 families, currently the collection has
101 species from 79 genera and 34 families. Chemical
composition of plants is known for 61 species. 17
species are pharmacopoeal and 15 species make
medicinal products available. The rest of the medicinal
plants can be used in folk medicine. Most represented
are Asteraceae family (25), Ranunculaceae (20),
Rosaceae (16), Fabaceae (15), Lamiaceae (13), among
tested plants. According to the assessment of
introduction capabilities, 49 species in the collection
are highly stable, 51 - stable and just one is unstable
This article presents information about the features of biotechnology as the driving force of scientific and technological progress. The national programs of the leading countries of the world, it is one of the priority sectors, reflecting the level of the socio-economic condition of the society. Biotechnology is now successfully solves such vital tasks as providing food, the establishment of effective medicaments, obtaining fuel based on renewable raw materials, maintaining ecological balance, conservation of biological resources of the Earth. The development of agriculture in modern conditions is impossible without agricultural biotechnology. It is directly related to viticulture. Choosing an object of an integrated system (embryos, apical meristem, axillary buds), it is possible to clone plants, i.e. produce plants identical to the original. If the same as the object to use isolated cells or protoplasts, in this case, there will most likely altered versions, creating diversity for the breeder. Genetic engineering – the science of younger, since the establishment of the first chimeric DNA molecule. The origin of genetic engineering is rooted in the development of molecular genetics, biochemistry. These technologies, undoubtedly progressive, but their biological safety is still insufficiently explored and is a danger to all life on Earth. The leading Western powers carried out strict control over the introduction of transgenic crop plants, as they are in agrocenosis new biological risks that may adversely affect the plants, animals and humans. In Russia, as in other countries, have already adopted the law “State regulation of genetic engineering”
Due to the wide spread of winter barley varieties with
different Phytopathologic characteristics, a serious
threat to the crop is dwarf rust caused by a pathogenic
fungi of the Puccinia. The article presents the results of
phytosanitary studies conducted in different agroclimatic
zones of the North Caucasus region for the
period from 2013 to 2015. Electronic maps of levels of
development and distribution of dwarf rust are based on
phytosanitary inspection. On the experimental field
called «Kuban» as well as rust nursery of VNIIBZR we
have performed an immunological evaluation of the
sustainability of winter barley accessions to the
pathogen of the dwarf rust on natural and artificial
infectious backgrounds in the period from 2013 to
2015. The article reflects the objective characteristics of
varieties and lines of winter barley with a relative
stability to the North Caucasian population Puccinia
hordei. The most promising varieties and lines of winter
barley of the KubGAU breeding were selected during
operation. These varieties and lines are highly resistant
to rust and dwarf, they also have other valuable
features. The article presents information on the best
yield varieties and lines of winter barley as well as on
gross yield and sowing area
Two granular formulations of phosphorus biofertilizers
combining rock phosphate and two highly active
phosphate solubilizing strains: Acinetobacter species
305 and Pseudomonas species 181а have been investigated.
Granules of about 3 mm in size were obtained
by contact-convective drying of a mixture of ground
ore, concentrated biomass of two different strains,
starch and glucose. Micro granules with size of 0.1-
0.5 mm were obtained by spray drying the biomass of
two different strains and application of dried cells on the particles of the ground ore. Starch was used as a
binder. In the model liquid medium it was shown that
the microorganisms have retained the ability to solubilize
mineral phosphates in granular formulations prepared.
In laboratory pot trial on marigold (Tagetes
patula) it was demonstrated that both formulations of
biofertilizer increased the dry weight of the plants to
the same level as that of chemical fertilizer - double
superphosphate, but were inferior in the concentration
of phosphorus in plants. Both formulations exceeded
the effectiveness of rock phosphate and biomass used
as biofertilizers both separately and jointly. No significant
differences were noted between the two
strains and the two granular formulations both for
plant dry weight, and the content of phosphorus
therein. Both granular formulations of biofertilizer
retained their structure and avoided aggregating over a
year of storage at 4 oC. The average persistence of
living cells in the microbeads was about 1.5%, in
granules - 32 %