The odometric compression of sand with constant rate of loading (CRL) or constant rate of deformation (CRD) and continuous registration of the corresponding reaction allows to identify the effect of stepwise changes of deformation (at the CRL) and the power reaction (at the CRD). Physical modeling of compression on the sandy model showed the same effect. The physical model was made of fine sand with marks, mimicking large inclusions. Compression of the soil at the CRD was uneven, stepwise, and the strain rate of the upper boundary of the sandy model changed cyclically. Maximum amplitudes of cycles passed through a maximum. Inside of the sand model, the uneven strain resulted in the mutual displacement of the adjacent parts located at the same depth. The growth of external pressure, the marks showed an increase or decrease in displacement and even move opposite to the direction of movement (settlement) the upper boundary of the model ‒ "floating" of marks. Marks, at different depths, got at the same time different movements, including mutually contradictory. The mark settlements sudden growth when the sufficiently large pressure. These increments in settlements remained until the end of loading decreasing with depth. They were a confirmation of the hypothesis about the total destruction of the soil sample at a pressure of "structural strength". The hypothesis of the "floating" reason based on the obvious assumption that the marks are moved together with the surrounding sand. The explanation of the effect of "floating" is supported by the fact that the value of "floating" the more, the greater the depth
The railroad warehouse has most important role in the delivery process of fertilizers to agricultural consumers. It acts as logistics intermediaries. The analysis of material flows has been done on the example of a typical provider of mineral fertilizers in the South of the Rostov region (CJSC «Zernogradagrohimservis») for the last 6 years. Income values and implementation values are varied during the year synchronously for all fertilizers types with the exception of a few months at the beginning and the end of the year. During most of the year the enterprise operates as a negotiable warehouse. In January-February and October-December ammonium nitrate accumulates as a seasonal inventory for the spring peak of implementation, in the rest of the year its reserves are insurance. Stocks of other fertilizers types are insurance stocks for most of the year, in May-July occurs a slight accumulation of their seasonal stocks. A significant portion of mineral fertilizers (especially ammonium nitrate) is delivered for small enterprises and individual farms by cars of this provider. According to the supply contracts, a one-car-run is performed for the vast majority of customers. Routes of delivery of fertilizers are either radial or pendulum (with reverse idle mileage). Therefore, the optimization of the delivery of fertilizers does not seem possible by methods such as obtaining the shortest route network, consolidation of suppliers for consumers, etc.
We have performed a mechanical activation of TiNi
powder; as a result, PN47T26TS27 powder after
mechanical activation is flat discs ranging in size
from 10 to 30 microns. We have developed a
composition technology "steel - material with shape
memory effect" by high-velocity oxygen-fuel
spraying of mechanically activated powder based on
TiNi. We have determined the optimal processing
parameters to ensure a nanostructured surface layer.
We have estimated the process parameters of highvelocity
oxygen-fuel spraying. The basic parameters
are: propane flow rate 60-85 l / min, that of oxygen
120-160 l / min, flow rate of powder and carrier gas
(argon), distance and angle of deposition, and
movement speed of the torch, the rotation speed of
the coated workpieces. We have carried out macroand
microanalysis of surface layers of Ti-Ni based
alloy, obtained on proven technology. We have
studied the effect of TiNi doping with a third
component Zr. The simulation allows us to predict
the possibility of using surface modification of
products with SME material TiNiZr under certain
conditions of temperature and to determine the
desired composition of the coating, which provides a
positive effect. We have made tests on steel 45 with
a surface-modified layer TiNiZr under dry friction
conditions, during which there is a significant
increase in temperature, we have confirmed the
effect of improving the wear resistance
The article shows the necessity to consider the inter-control result to forecast the automobile state and present it as a random value. It is pointed out, that the character of the automobile element parameter change is determined by the determined function and the criteria of this or that function choice. It is stated, that the variation coefficient serves as a criteria of approximation. Besides, the element resource variation coefficient is obviously more informative as it results calculations at the whole range of parameter change with consideration of this change character when the coefficient of the parameter change variation can reflect the approximation degree only on one or several sections. It is underlined that in a case of the parameter change functions approximation it is necessary to consider the automobile details break-in when one can see the short and sharp increase of the parameter change. Moreover, we have made a conclusion that the forecast error and intensity depend finally on the choice of the approximating function. The wrong choice of the function can bring to naught all the efforts to direct the safety margin and other parameters of the automobile elements. We have found out that the power function of thee parameter change is quite unique. This function coefficients having distinct physical sense are few. This shows the convenience of the wide use of the degree function for practical forecast. The approximation error of parameter change might be influenced (along with a selection of the function) by the accuracy of determining its coefficients. Finally, we have made a conclusion that it is very desirable after choosing and finding the coefficients of any approximating equation to convert it into one definite function and develop the forecast apparatus, tables, nomograms and so on for it. This is the only way of using the wide class of approximating equations when having relatively small math and other provision of the forecast
A computing experiment with software
implementation of computer vision system (CVS)
algorithms has been performed for identification
and detailed condition assessment of objects of
natural origin and their mass number, with high
variability within classes and an affinity of the
classes. An accuracy of the operating mode was
assessed. The article also shows possibilities of
decreasing of video frame processing in CVS
operating mode through an optimization of
sequential computation and organization of parallel
computation
With the aim of improving the productivity and performance of the sunflower seed separation process in the air-sieve seed-cleaning machine called MVU-1500 its multivariate analysis was carried out. The main indicators of the seed heap separation process were determined according to the feeding of the seed heap onto the sieve of the lattice. The indicators are as follows: completeness of the j-th components screening, the j-th components content in the sieve path, the completeness of their discharge and their content in the discharge from the sieve tier. Having adopted the hypothesis of a possible increase in the efficiency of the separation process in the air-sieve grain cleaning machine, we analyzed the delivery patterns of seed heap components into the pneumatic channel with the aim of optimizing the process. For a more complete assessment of the process indicators under consideration, basic patterns of movement of various components in the sieve-tier lattice were estimated. It was taken into account that in modern designs of air-sieve grain cleaning machines seeds are fed into the pneumatic channel from the sieves. When the width of the lattice is equal to one, the density of the j-th component of the seed heap is constant along the length of each sieve in the stack of sieves and the separation coefficient is constant along the length of the sieve, the expression received estimates the average speed of movement in the first sieve-tier lattice in the steady process of separation. There was evaluated the statistical significance of differences of the j-th component average speed movement on the second sieve- lattice by Student's t-criterion, which showed that they belong to the same sample of random variables and do not have statistically significant differences. Therefore, we can obtain the following velocity values of the heap of sunflower seed movement in the sieve-tier lattice: fragments of stems velocity is 0.0518 m/s; milled seeds velocity is 0.0381 m/s; velocity of sunflower seeds less than 3.2 and 3.2-3.6 mm thick is 0.0835 m/s, velocity of sunflower seeds of 3.6-4.0 mm thick is 0.0453 m/s, that of more than 4.0 mm thick is 0.0410 m/s
The main way to extend the shelf life of fruit and vegetable raw materials is low-temperature drying, characterized by high quality products, low energy consumption and affordable cost of finished products. More fully, a two-stage drying, the first stage of which is convective drying and the second stage - convective vacuum drying, meet such requirements. The article substantiates the prospects for the use of fruit and berry powders in public catering, using electro-physical effects that significantly reduce the loss of valuable components of the feedstock. The authors proposed a combination of conventional convective dewatering processes with vacuum microwave treatment, in order to achieve high quality indices of dried products. The aim of the work is to reduce energy consumption for drying and improve the quality of finished products. Among the objects of research, there are fruit and vegetable raw materials, designs of drying plants and technological modes of two-stage drying and devices providing it. The research subjects include the establishment of the properties of fruit and vegetable raw materials in the process of two-stage drying. The methods of research are based on the use of modern methods of analysis and instrumentation. On the way of widespread introduction of powders into the production of various food products, there is a problem of insufficient attention of producers to this type of product, low volumes of its production and monopoly of individual producers of powders
In recent years, the problem of deficiency of biologically active substances in a number of food products has arisen. This is due to a deterioration in the quality of seed and planting material and, accordingly, a decrease in the content of BAS in the cultivated fruit and vegetable raw materials. In this regard, processing companies are forced to fill the lack of vitamins and dyes with synthetic components. The aim of the research is to obtain concentrated food additives from domestic plant raw materials. To achieve this goal, the tasks of obtaining powders from fruits and berries are solved with maximum preservation of BAS of the raw material during drying. High-quality powders from fruits and berries are obtained by cryogenic technology, using liquid nitrogen at one or several stages of the process. As intermediate results of the research, the paper presents materials on the dispersion composition of cryopowders and the solubility of their various fractions in aqueous media. The technology of obtaining and using powdered food additives from fruits and berries, ground in liquid nitrogen, has been approved. The comparative characteristics of the composition cryopowders from apricot, sea-buckthorn, pumpkin, feijoa and persimmon are given. The results of the studies confirmed the expediency of using cryopowders from fruits and berries to enrich various food products
In the context of implementing programs on reducing budget expenditures for the social sphere utilities, it is urgent to intrude renewable energy sources into the practice of their energy supply. However, despite all their diversity, not all constructions based on renewable energy sources can be used under conditions of urban development. Besides, the mutable nature of the solar radiation coming on the Earth's surface requires specific forecasts and calculations of its intensity. Accurate estimation of the area solar energy potential of the generating plant proposed location allows not only to justify its parameters at the design stage, but also to predict its operating mode and to evaluate its technical and economic efficiency. The purpose of the article is to estimate the level of solar radiation for Volzhsky, Volgograd Region, at the initial stage of designing and justifying the implementation of power plants transforming renewable solar energy in urban areas. In the article, it is proposed to apply method for estimating the solar energy potential of at a specific geographic point, based on a combination of the calculation method for determining the solar radiation characteristics and actinometric measurements. Volzhsky of the Volgograd Region, like most settlements in the Lower Volga region, has a high solar energy potential: 1228.8 kWh / m² for the horizontal surface of the southern orientation of the receiving surface of power plants, which can be increased by 16.2% at its optimal orientation relative to the horizon and the sides of the world. However, the expansion of the utilization of the solar energy potential of the district may be limited to the location of the existing buildings and structures at which power plants may be located in urban development conditions
The article considers the tasks of nonparametric dual
control of dynamic objects with discrete-continuous
nature of the process is considered. In this case, the
only value of memory depth of dynamic processes is
known, but the parametric structure of the model is
partially unknown. The nonparametric algorithms of
adaptive dual control for external control loop were
offered. The proposed loop of control is designed for
systems, which include in technological scheme
internal control loop, specifically a standard
controller. In solving this problem, the methods of
nonparametric identification theory, control theory,
the theory of adaptive systems, mathematical
statistics and statistical modeling are used. The
theoretical information of the non-parametric
algorithms of dual adaptive control under conditions
of incomplete information of the process is produced.
The essential difference between the dual control
algorithms from the standard is that the nonparametric
control unit performs two functions:
research and control of the process of active
accumulation of information. The computational
experiments show that the introduction of the
proposed scheme significantly improves the quality
of control, and the existing control system in
operating controls are maintained