The article presents results of research on drying a
slurry consisting of distilled water and finely chopped
cooked chicken protein of table eggs. The suspension
is placed in a Memmert oven, which has temperature
of 60 °C. In the process of removing moisture when
drying the slurry of water - boiled protein we
examined kinetics of its drying and performed
chronological photographing of conformation of the
system of water - boiled protein. The final weight of
the protein remaining after evaporation, was 0.06 g
corresponding to 26% by weight of cooked protein
source in an amount of 0.23 g. The analysis of the
system appearance including the evaporation of the
water showed that the protein was originally white,
and this color does not undergo any changes until 35
minutes of drying, i.e. when the main base is water.
Upon further drying of the suspension, starting with 40
minutes, boiled protein literally "melts" in the
surrounding water residues; and as it is disappearing,
becoming more and more transparent. Meanwhile, the
forms of the protein are becoming round and
transforming into the form of liquid crystals. The final
phase of the protein is a solid transparent film
The article discusses the structural schematics of solar
energy systems, providing guaranteed power supply
to electricity consumers with priority for consumers
of the 1st category. The work describes main
functions performed by modern energy systems. It is
shown that nowadays solar power systems of
uninterruptable power supply are classified into three
types: independent; hybrid (combined); intellectual.
We have given the structural scheme of solar systems
power systems of uninterruptable power supply and
the features of their work. The article describes a
monitoring system, carrying out functions of control
and measurement of parameters of the power system
depends on its performance. The economic
performance of a solar power system has been
influenced essentially by the cost of solar and
accumulator batteries. The principal technical
characteristics of modern solar and regular batteries
of the best companies were compared. We have also
given recommendations for improving the operational
characteristics of solar energy systems of guaranteed
power supply, in which special attention is paid to
technical characteristics of the main functional
elements of the system, including electromagnetic
compatibility
The article dwells on the features of the calculation of a
branched electric circuit containing one or more asynchronous
short-circuited electric motors operating with
a load which depends on the parameters of the electric
circuit itself. A method for solving the problem of calculating
a circuit on the basis of the mathematical perturbation
method is proposed
The task of nonparametric identification of sequence
objects with discrete-continuous nature of the process
under nonparametric uncertainty, i.e. in conditions
where a priori information is not sufficient for an
informed choice of a model structure up to
parameters is considered. Among series-connected
objects, there can be objects both dynamic and
instantaneous ones with a lag. This kind of
technological chains is common in various industries,
particularly in metal, power, oil refining, etc. in
solving this problem were used methods of
nonparametric identification theory, mathematical
statistics and statistical modeling. The theory of nonparametric
systems is based on local approximation
methods, in particular algorithms for nonparametric
estimation of different kind of dependency from
observation of input-output variables of the object.
The article presents a nonparametric model for the
group of spinning objects with delay. In the work we
show in detail the results of numerical studies
showing that the use of nonparametric algorithms
allows predicting process performance with sufficient
accuracy
Hardening of clay soil manifests in the form of
increase of the resistance of sample to shear
deformation. The shear tests of normally compacted
and overcompacted soils give values of peak strength
at small strains and long-term strength at high. A shear
test with constant strain rate of deformation (CRD)
with continuous recording of resistance encounters
uneven resistance change and the cyclical rate of
change of resistance (RCR). The identification of
cycles of the SIS allowed us to divide the deformation
in each cycle for elastic and inelastic, corresponding to
the ascending and descending branches of cycle. On an
interval of the total resistance, the increases of the
increment of inelastic strain are positive up to some
critical value of the total deformation of the sample at
which their sum reaches a maximum. This maximum
is adopted as a measure of hardening. With further
shearing of the sample, inelastic increments are
negative, and their sum is monotonously decreases and
reaches negative values for the total destruction of the
sample. This value is taken as the softening. A
symptom of total failure of the sample is the decline of
absolute values of inelastic increments of resistance to
zero. In general, the trend of the increments of inelastic
and elastic increments of the resistance of the sample indicates the development of the destruction of the soil
sample on the sliding surfaces and, in particular,
yielding of the total surface. The sum of elastic
increments of the resistance monotonically increases
throughout the shear
The problem of environmental protection from toxic contamination, i.e. toxic products contained in exhaust gases, is one of the most pressing in the modern world.
Currently, internal combustion engines and vehicles of transport and technological machines rank first in power supply in the global energy balance. The total amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere by tank-automotive equipment exceeds more than three times the emissions released by industrial companies. Besides the vast majority of tracked and wheeled vehicles are equipped with diesel engines, which excel gasoline engines in harmful substances released together with exhaust gases. Therefore the problem of emission control becomes more and more urgent. The aim of this study is the analysis of modern means and methods of reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases released by diesel engines.
The existing methods of emission control can be divided into four groups: improving the design of the internal combustion engine; the accounting of operational factors affecting the toxicity of exhaust gases; the use of unconventional fuels; the exhaust gases cleaning in the exhaust pipe. Each method has several major ways to reduce the emission of toxic substances, which are often mutually complementary. We have cited the research date of influencing each of the methods on the emissions of toxic substances in exhaust gases. We have found that reducing the emission of toxic substances in compliance with Euro-6 requirements can only be obtained by the simultaneous use of several methods of reducing emissions.
We have proved the effectiveness and economic feasibility of using combined neutralizers to clean exhaust gases
The article provides comparative analysis of three laws
in the area of standardization in different phases of its
existence and development of our State: “About
Standardization” 10.06.93 № 5154-1, “About
Technical Regulation” № 184-ФЗ (part III) and
«About Standardization in Russian Federation”
№ 162-ФЗ. It is noted that standards and other
documents addressing standardization facilitate
technical development, innovation in different spheres,
quality improvement and competitiveness of industry,
products and services. The authors of the article trace
close interconnection between the state of the laws and
the concepts of Russia’s development, change of
goals, tasks and principles of standardization in
relation to the changes in the country and in the world;
analyze the experience of Russian standardization and
evaluates innovations in the modern jurisprudence in
this area. The authors of the article evaluate the laws in
the area of standardization from the viewpoint of its
importance and transparency for consumers based on
its close correlation with the law “About Consumer
Protection”. Additionally, they note the importance of
these documents and standardization in general to the
development of the country’s economy, its integration
into the world sphere and achievement of
technological leadership of the Russian Federation in
different areas
Getting the maximum number of day-old chicks
largely depends on the disinfection of hatching eggs.
Disinfection of eggs is important in the complex of
veterinary-sanitation activities carried out in poultry
farms for the prevention and elimination of infectious
disease in birds. The perspective of using ozone in the
poultry industry is possible due to its advantages
characterized in comparison with other chemicals. It
was found that ozone has the special ability to retard
the growth of fungi in the biological substrates, also
slows the appearance of mold on the surface of the
eggshell even at 90 % relative humidity. When making
parameters and modes of electro-ozonation process of
egg store poultry farms there were carried out
experimental studies. After ozone disinfection of
hatching eggs, total bacterial contamination of shell
eggs decreased by 99.89 %. The relative error of the
experimental values of the theoretical amount was 7
%. As a result of production tests we set quality
parameters developed by the process of electroozonation
egg store poultry farms: regulation time is 8
minutes, dynamic error is 0.9, overshoot rate is 4.5%,
generalized integral RMS figure is 10.6 % . The
findings suggest that there is a qualitative regulation of
the distribution of ozone in the egg store
Creation of artificial intelligence systems is one of
important and perspective directions of development
of modern information technology. As there are
many alternatives to artificial intelligence systems,
there is a need to evaluate mathematical models of
these systems. In this work, we present a solution of
the problem of identifying classes of salary levels of
employees depending on their characteristics. To
achieve this goal it requires free access to test the
source data and methodology, which will help to
convert the data into the form needed for work in
artificial intelligence systems. A good choice is a
database of test problems for systems of artificial
intelligence of UCI repository. In this work we used
the database called "Wine Data Set" from the Bank's
original task of artificial intelligence from repository
UCI. The most reliable in this application was the
model of the INF4 based on semantic, according to
A. Kharkevich, integral criteria of "Amount of
knowledge". The accuracy of the model is 0,916,
which is much higher than the reliability of expert
evaluations, which is equal to about 70%. To assess
the reliability of the models in the ASC-analysis and
the system of "Eidos" we used the F-criterion of van
Ritbergen and fuzzy multiCLASS generalization
proposed by Professor E. V. Lutsenko (L-measure)
The article formulates and solves the task of discrete
control in the thermophilic stage of the composting
process. It is shown, that considering the relay control
entity to maintain specified process conditions requires
the organization of the sliding mode. We have solved the
problem of minimizing the temperature deviation of the
substrate from the set values and the deviation of the
oxygen concentration in the gas phase of the bioreactor
from the specified values. The article shows an algorithm
to compute the discrete control of the composting
process in the thermophilic stage. This article was
prepared in the framework of the scientific project 16-
48-230441 a(R) "Mathematical modeling of the
processes occurring in the automated installation for
year-round production of organic fertilizers in the
conditions of the Krasnodar region", financed by RFBR
and the administration of the Krasnodar region